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Aggressive behavioural interactions between swans(Cygnus spp.)and other waterbirds during winter:a webcam-based study

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 310-325页

作者： Kevin A.Wood Phoebe ham Jake Scales eleanor Wyeth Paul e.Rose Wildfowl&Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Wetland CentreSlimbridgeGloucestershire GL27BTUK Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour PsychologyWashington SingerUniversity of ExeterPerry RoadExeterDevon EX44QGUK University Centre Sparsholt College SparsholtHampshire SO212NFUK

Background:Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds(including other swans),and potential effects on waterbird community structure,remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data,including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions ***:Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the *** occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals,whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other *** tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5(which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions).Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models(ZIGLmms)were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other ***:All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards,and received most aggression from,their *** 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper(Cygnus cygnus)and Bewick’s Swans(*** bewickii)spent 13.8±4.7 s(means±95%CI)and 1.4±0.3 s,respectively,on aggression with other *** durations were equivalent to 2.3%and 0.2%of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets,*** selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans,and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s ***,the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong(R2=19.3%).Conclusions:Whilst swans do exhibit some agg

关键词： Aggression Agonistic behaviour Bewick’s Swans Intraspecific versus interspecific competition Remote data collection Waterfowl Whooper Swans

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer m.Colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Neuroprotection by misoprostol against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2018年第1期11卷 40-47页

作者： Omar m.e.Abdel-Salam Amany A Sleem eman R Youness nadia a m.ham.e. enayat A Omara Department of Toxicology and Narcotics National Research Centre Department of Pharmacology National Research Centre Department of medical Biochemistry National Research Centre Department of Pathology National Research Centre

Objective: To investigate the effect of the prostaglandin e1 analogue misoprostol on oxidative stress and neurodegeration caused by subcutaneous rotenone administration in rats. methods:Rotenone was administered in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks. Starting from the 1 st day of rotenone injection, rats were subcutaneously treated with misoprostol at doses of10, 100 or 1 000 μg/kg. Rats were evaluated for brain lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde:mDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), nitric oxide(NO) levels, and paraoxonase-1(PON-1) *** concentrations of the anti-apoptotic protein B cell/lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) were determined in the striatum. Histopathologic examination and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the cerebral cortex and striatum were also performed. Results: Compared with the vehicle-treated group, rotenone caused a significant increase in brain lipid proxidation(mDA)by 61%(Pmpanied by an increase in NO by 73.1%(Pecrease in GSH concentration by 29.4%(Pecreased by63.0%(Pecreased by 27.9%(Pespect to the corresponding control value. Brain sections from rotenone treated rats showed extensive dark pyknotic and apoptotic nuclei in neurons, shrunken cytoplasm and perineuronal *** also caused pronounced expression of iNOS in the cerebral cortex and *** with misoprostol at doses of 100 and 1 000 μg/kg resulted in decreased brain mDA(by 16.5%-23.0%)(Pevels(by 37.1%-40.7%)(Peased GSH concentrations(by 18.8%-30.1%)(Peased by80.0%-114.8%(Pmisoprostol at 100 and 1 000 μg/kg, respectively. In addition,misoprostol treatment restored striatal Bcl-2 concentrations to its normal value. misoprostol treatment resulted in markedly reduced brain injury and decreased iNOS expression in the cereb

关键词： misoprostol Rotenone Brain oxidative stress B cell/lymphoma-2 Paraoxonase

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Strong coupling and catenary field enhancement in the hybrid plasmonic metamaterial cavity and TmDC monolayers

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Opto-electronic Advances 2024年第5期7卷 20-32页

作者： Andergachew mekonnen Berhe Khalil As’ham Ibrahim Al-Ani Haroldo T.Hattori Andrey e.miroshnichenko School of engineering and Technology University of New South Wales at CanberraNorthcott DriveCanberra ACT 2610Australia

Strong coupling between resonantly matched surface plasmons of metals and excitons of quantum emitters results in the formation of new plasmon-exciton hybridized energy *** plasmon-exciton strong coupling,plasmonic nanocavities play a significant role due to their ability to confine light in an ultrasmall ***,two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TmDCs) have a significant exciton binding energy and remain stable at ambient conditions,making them an excellent alternative for investigating light-matter *** a result,strong plasmon-exciton coupling has been reported by introducing a single metallic ***,single nanoparticles have lower spatial confinement of electromagnetic fields and limited tunability to match the excitonic ***,we introduce the concept of catenary-shaped optical fields induced by plasmonic metamaterial cavities to scale the strength of plasmon-exciton *** demonstrated plasmon modes of metallic metamaterial cavities offer high confinement and tunability and can match with the excitons of TmDCs to exhibit a strong coupling regime by tuning either the size of the cavity gap or *** calculated Rabi splitting of Au-moSe_2 and Au-WSe_2 heterostructures strongly depends on the catenary-like field enhancement induced by the Au cavity,resulting in room-temperature Rabi splitting ranging between 77.86 and 320 me *** plasmonic metamaterial cavities can pave the way for manipulating excitons in TmDCs and operating active nanophotonic devices at ambient temperature.

关键词： catenary-shaped field enhancement strong coupling plasmon exciton Rabi splitting

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Classification and technical target of water electrolysis for hydrogen production

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 554-576,I0012页

作者： Kahyun ham Sooan Bae Jaeyoung Lee ertl Center for electrochemistry and Catalysis Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoBuk-guGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Heterogeneous Reactions Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr.34-36Mülheim an der RuhrGermany School of earth Sciences and environmental engineering GIST123 CheomdangwagiroBuk-guGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 CheomdangwagiroBuk-guGwangju 61005South Korea eSuS Co. Ltd.#408S6 BuildingSchool of Environment and Energy EngineeringGIST123 CheomdangwagiroBuk-guGwangju 61005South Korea

Continuous efforts are underway to reduce carbon emissions worldwide in response to global climate *** electrolysis technology,in conjunction with renewable energy,is considered the most feasible hydrogen production technology based on the viable possibility of large-scale hydrogen production and the zero-carbon-emission nature of the ***,for hydrogen produced via water electrolysis systems to be utilized in various fields in practice,the unit cost of hydrogen production must be reduced to$1/kg H_(2).To achieve this unit cost,technical targets for water electrolysis have been suggested regarding components in the *** this paper,the types of water electrolysis systems and the limitations of water electrolysis system components are *** suggest guideline with recent trend for achieving this technical target and insights for the potential utilization of water electrolysis technology.

关键词： Water electrolysis Hydrogen production Technical target electrochemistry

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Phytochemical analysis,antioxidant,acetylcholinesterase,andα-amylase inhibitors from Hippeastrum hybridum extract

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Journal of Traditional Chinese medicine 2024年第3期44卷 496-504页

作者： Naila Sher mushtaq Ahmed nadia mushtaq Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK 28100Pakistan Department of Botany University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK 28100Pakistan

OBJeCTIVe:To investigate the effects of Hippeastrum hybridum(HH)as a free radical scavenger,and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase(α-amylase)and acetylcholinesterase(AChe).meTHODS:In this study,HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant,anti-α-amylase,and anti-AChe efficiency via standard ***:Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds;while Coumarins and quinones were *** total phenolic,flavonoid,and tannins content were found to be(78.52±0.69)mg GAe/g,(2.01±0.04)mg RUe/g,and(58.12±0.23)mg TAe/g of plant extract respectively.28.02%±0.02%alkaloid and 2.02%±0.05%saponins were present in the HH *** HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50(50%inhibition)of(151.01±0.13)(HH),(79.01±0.04)(Ascorbic acid)for ferric reducing,(91.48±0.13)(HH),(48.02±0.11)(Ascorbic acid)against Ammonium molybdenum,(156.02±0.31)(HH),(52.38±0.21)(Ascorbic acid)against DPPH,136.01±0.21(HH),52.02±0.31(Ascorbic acid)against H_(2)O_(2),and 154.12±0.03(HH),(40.05±0.15)(Ascorbic acid)μg/mL against ABTS *** analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition ofα-amylase(V_(max)remained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to84.37%)while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and V_(max)decreased from40.49 to 69.15%and 38.86 to 69.61%*** K_(i),(inhibition constant);K_(I),(dissociation constant),K_(m),(michaelis-menten constant),and IC50 were found to be62,364,68.1,and 38.08±0.22 for HH and 12,101.05,195,34.01±0.21 for ***,HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChe i-e Km remains constant while V_(max)decreases from 60.5%to74.1%.The calculated K_(i),K_(I),K_(m),and IC50 were found to be 32,36.2,0.05,and 18.117±***:From the current results,it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds,and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidant

关键词： Hippeastrum hybridum phytochemicals antioxidant alpha-amylase acetylcholinesterase

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Impacts of wind erosion and seasonal changes on soil carbon dioxide emission in southwestern Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 690-700页

作者： nadia KAmALI hamid SIROOSI Ahmad SADeGHIPOUR Rangeland Research Division Research Institute of Forests and RangelandsAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)Tehran 13185116Iran Rangeland Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Researches and Natural ResourcesGorgan ***Iran Desert Studies Faculty Semnan UniversitySemnan ***Iran

Wind erosion is one of the main drivers of soil loss in the world, which affects 20 million hectare land of Iran. Besides the soil loss, wind erosion contributes to carbon dioxide emission from the soil into the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to evaluate monthly and seasonal changes in carbon dioxide emission in four classes i.e., low, moderate, severe and very severe soil erosion and the interactions between air temperature and wind erosion in relation to carbon dioxide emission in the Bordekhun region, Boushehr Province, southwestern Iran. Wind erosion intensities were evaluated using IRIFR(Iran Research Institute of Forests and Ranges) model, in which four classes of soil erosion were identified. Afterward, we measured carbon dioxide emission on a monthly basis and for a period of one year using alkali traps in each class of soil erosion. Data on emission levels and erosion classes were analyzed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with twelve replications in each treatment. The highest rate of emission occurred in July(4.490 g CO_2/(m^2·d)) in severely eroded lands and the least in January(0.086 g CO_2/(m^2·d)) in low eroded lands. Therefore, it is resulted that increasing erosion intensity causes an increase in soil carbon dioxide emission rate at severe erosion intensity. moreover, the maximum amount of carbon dioxide emission happened in summer and the minimum in winter. Soil carbon dioxide emission was just related to air temperature without any relationship with soil moisture content;since changes of soil moisture in the wet and dry seasons were not high enough to affect soil microorganisms and respiration in dry areas. In general, there are complex and multiple relationships between various factors associated with soil erosion and carbon dioxide emission. Global warming causes events that lead to more erosion, which in turn increases greenhouse gas emission, and rising greenhouse gases will cause more global warming. The

关键词： alkali trap arid areas global warming IRIFR model soil biology

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Transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(english edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： m.NAVeeD m.ImRAN T.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

This paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. To depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDes)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(ham).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

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embedded software and hardware implementation system for a human machine interface based on ISOAgLib

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and electronics) 2013年第3期14卷 155-166页

作者： enkhbaatar TUmeNJARGAL Luubaatar BADARCH Hyeokjae KWON Woonchul ham Division of electronic engineering Chonbuk National University School of Information and Communication Technology Mongolian University of Science and Technology

modern agricultural machinery demands adoption of embedded electronic and remote sensing technology for precision *** of the electronic devices commonly used is the virtual terminal(VT) for tractors.A VT's functions and terminology are described in the ISO 11783 *** paper presents a control system design and implementation for a VT and some other electronic control units(eCUs) for agricultural vehicles based on that *** and software development for the VT is implemented using the ISOAgLib open library,in the advanced embedded *** main part of the system is an embedded board based on a Samsung S3C6410 ARm11 core microprocessor with a controller area network(CAN) *** working environment is Windows embedded Ce 6.0(WinCe6.0).The ISOAgLib library provides abundant open sources consistent implementation of ISO *** is written in C++ programming language using object-oriented *** this paper,we describe an ISO 11783-based tractor control system with a CAN and its implementation in the embedded *** paper also explains the operation of a CAN-bus device driver in WinCe6.0 and some modifications of ISOAgLib for our target *** target system consists of the VT,an eCU for the global positioning system(GPS),and an eCU for lighting for an agricultural *** eCU for GPS and the eCU of a light controller are implemented using STm32F107F ARm Cortex m3-based development boards.

关键词： Controller area network(CAN)-bus Virtual terminal(VT) embedded system ISO 11783

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Bougainvillea spectabilis flowers extract protects against the rotenone-induced toxicity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2017年第5期10卷 457-466页

作者： Omar m.e.Abdel-Salam eman R.Youness nadia A.Ahmed Sayed A.el-Toumy Ahmed m.A.Souleman Nermeen Shaffie Dalia m.Abouelfadl Department of Toxicology and Narcotics National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of medical Biochemistry National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of Chemistry of Tannins National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic National Research CentreCairoEgypt Department of Pathology National Research CentreCairoEgypt

Objective:To investigate the effect of two extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis(B. spectabilis) flowers with yellow and pink/purple on brain oxidative stress and neuronal damage caused in rats by systemic rotenone injection. methods:Rotenone 1.5 mg/kg was given three times per week alone or in combination with B. spectabilis flowers extracts(25 mg or 50 mg) via the subcutaneous route for 2 weeks. Brain concentrations of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde(mDA),reduced glutathione,nitric oxide(nitrite),the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta(Il-1β) as well as butyrylcholinesterase,and paraoxonase-1(PON-1) activities,were determined. Histopathology and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were also performed. Results:Rotenone resulted in significant increases of brain mDA(the product of lipid peroxidation),and nitric oxide content along with decreased brain reduced glutathione. There were also marked and significant inhibition of brain PON-1 and BCh e activities and increased Il-1β in brain of rotenone-treated rats. B. spectabilis flowers extract itself resulted in brain oxidative stress increasing both lipid peroxidation and nitrite content whilst inhibiting PON-1 activity. The yellow flowers extract inhibited BCh e activity and increased brain Il-1β. When given to rotenone-treated rats,B. spectabilis extracts,however,decreased lipid peroxidation while their low administered doses increased brain GSH. Brain nitrite decreased by the pink extract but showed further increase by the yellow extract. either extract,however,caused further inhibition of PON-1 activity while the yellow extract resulted in further inhibition of BChe activity. Histopathological studies indicated that both extracts protected against brain,liver and kidney damage caused by the toxicant. Conclusions:These data indicate that B. spectabilis flowers extracts exert protective effect against the toxic effects of rotenone on brain,liver and kidney. B. spectabilis flowers extracts decreased

关键词： Bougainvillea spectabilis Flowers extract Rotenone Oxidative stress Parkinson’s disease

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