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Impact of Evaluation of Different Irrigation Methods with Sensor System on Water Consumptive Use and Water Use Efficiency for Maize Yield

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第11期13卷 835-854页

作者： Thamer Thamer Nadine Nassif Ayad Almaeini nadhir Al-ansari Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologie Lebanese University Rafic Hariri-Haddath Lebanon Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences Environment and Natural Resources Department Lebanese University Dekwaneh Beirut Lebanon College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule University of Technology Lule Sweden

The sensor system is one of the modern and important methods of irrigation management in arid and semi-arid areas, which is water as the limiting factor for crop production. The study was applied for 2016 and 2017 seasons out in Al-Yousifya, 15 km Southwest of Baghdad. A study was conducted to evaluate coefficient uniformity, uniformity distribution and application efficiency for furrow, surface drip and subsurface drip irrigation methods and it was (98, 97 and 89)% and (97, 96 and 88)% for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. And control the volumetric moisture content according to the rhizosphere depth for depths of 10, 20 and 30 cm by means of the sensor system. The results indicated that the height consumptive water use of furrow 707.91 and 689.69 mm·season-1 and the lowest for subsurface drip with emitter deep at 20 cm 313.93 and 293.50 mm·season-1 for 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively. As well, the highest value of water use efficiency for subsurface in drip irrigation at a depth of 20 cm, was 2.71 and 2.99 kg·m-3 and the lowest value for furrow irrigation was 1.12 and 1.20 kg·m-3 for the 2016 and 2017 seasons;respectively.

关键词： Irrigation Methods Application Efficiency Water Consumptive Use Water Use Efficiency Maize

Present Conditions and Future Challenges of Water Resources Problems in Iraq

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第12期6卷 1066-1098页

作者： nadhir Al-ansari Ammar A. Ali Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Iraq is part of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). It greatly relies in its water resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Iraq was considered rich in its water resources till 1970s. After that problems due to water scarcity aroused. Recently, it is expected that water shortage problems will be more serious. The supply and demand are predicted to be 43 and 66.8 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) respectively in 2015, while in 2025 it will be 17.61 and 77BCM respectively. In addition, future prediction suggests that Tigris and Euphrates Rivers will be completely dry in 2040. To overcome this problem, prudent water management plan is to be adopted. It should include Strategic Water Management Vision, development of irrigation techniques, reduction of water losses, use of non-conventional water resources and research and development planning.

关键词： Iraq Tigris River Euphrates River Water Scarcity Water Resources Management

The Need to Develop a Building Code for Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第10期6卷 610-632页

作者： Entidhar Al-Taie nadhir Al-ansari Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Building Code is a legal document that provides a minimum level of safety and health for the constructions to make the public live in safe buildings. People recognize the importance of constructing the buildings in safe conditions, since the dawn of civilization. Many countries around the world were facing different kind of disasters such as fires, earthquakes, etc. These disasters made builders develop methods for safe construction to avoid any disaster. Later, these developments became codes and standards. Since the middle of the last century many countries established its local codes. This research represented a review of the importance of the codes with a short history for them. Furthermore, reviews for some national codes (Egyptian, Syrian and Arabia Saudi) were done as well as comparison between load’s correction factors, geotechnical requirements and materials used in concrete. Most of the national codes were highly based on the ACI, British and Germany codes and standards. In addition, a review and comparison were presented for International codes (American (ACI) and European (EC)) through a case study. EC code is becoming more common for the world. Eurocode gives more flexibility to the user to employ their own standards (national annex). To find the best suitable foundation design to be used in Iraq and the differences when using the American and European codes, a building model was designed and analyzed using STAAD Pro., and SAFE softwares for three locations (Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah). The combination loads used in the two softwares were for ACI and EC codes. Results obtained were very similar. The type of foundation to be chosen for Mosul location is spread or continuous. For Baghdad location the suitable type is raft and for Basrah the choice is raft and piles. In view of the fact that Iraq has no national code, engineers and designers were depending on the ACI and British codes and standards. It is very important to have an Iraqi code because it will

关键词： Codes ACI Standards Loads Eurocode Correction Factors SAFE Software Bearing Pressure

Effect of Bearing Capacity on Designing Foundations in Iraq Using STAAD Pro-v8i

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第6期6卷 292-303页

作者： Entidhar Al-Taie nadhir Al-ansari Sven Knutsson Department of Civil Environment and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Most of Iraqi soil is classified as Quaternary deposits, especially in the Mesopotamian plain and tributaries of the River Tigris. Soil varies from north to south of Iraq. These differences in soil affected the process to select the suitable type of foundation. This research is to study the effect of bearing capacity on shallow foundations in different regions of Iraq. Seventy nine samples were collected from 23 boreholes at three different locations (Mosul at the North, Baghdad at the middle and Basrah at the south of Iraq). The samples were collected at varying depth between 1 to 24 m. They were subjected to the following testes: Atterberg limits, sieve and hydrometers, consolidation, direct shear, unconfined compression and the filed (SPT test). The values of the bearing capacity parameters ( and c) were obtained from the above tests. The results obtained were used in the application of the general equation of the bearing capacity. Then, the model of a building was designed (two floors, with mat foundation type) using STAAD Pro software. The average values of bearing capacity in each region were applied in the program (Mosul = 177 KPa, Baghdad = 125 KPa and Basrah = 84 KPa). In addition, the worst bearing capacity values were also used for the three regions (Mosul = 77 KPa, Baghdad = 68 KPa and Basrah = 24 KPa). The results obtained from the average and worst bearing capacity indicated that for Mosul, we could use shallow foundation (spread and mat used if there was basement) for different areas and for buildings with many stories. For Baghdad region, shallow foundation was more suitable for building not higher than five stories. Finally, for Basrah region, shallow foundations were an appropriate selection, but for most areas deep foundation was the right choice.

关键词： Bearing Capacity Soil STAAD Pro. Laboratory Tests and Foundation

Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources of Greater Zab River, Iraq

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第12期10卷 1384-1402页

作者： Nahlah Abbas Saleh A. Wasimi nadhir Al-ansari School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University Melbourne 3000 Australia Geotechnical Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea 971 87 Sweden

Greater Zab is the largest tributary of the Tigris River in lraq where the catchment area is currently being plagued by water scarcity and pollution problems. Contemporary studies have revealed that blue and green waters of the basin have been manifesting increasing variability contributing to more severe droughts and floods apparently due to climate change. In order to gain greater appreciation of the impacts of climate change on water resources in the study area in near and distant future, SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） has been used. The model is first tested for its suitability in capturing the basin characteristics, and then, forecasts from six GCMs （general circulation models） with about half-a-century lead time to 2046-2064 and one-century lead time to 2080-2100 are incorporated to evaluate the impacts of climate change on water resources under three emission scenarios： A 1 B, A2 and BI. The results showed worsening water resources regime into the future.

关键词： Greater Zab SWAT sensitivity blue water green water.

Enhancement of Workability of Cement-Poor Concrete by Optimizing Paste Content

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第13期6卷 869-876页

作者： Mohammed Hatem Mohammed nadhir Al-ansari Sven Knutsson Deparment of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lule&aring University of Technology Lule&aring Sweden Department of Civil Engineering University of Mosul Mosul Iraq

This study describes the performance of concrete in fresh state, intended for sealing deep bore-holes in the host rock of radioactive repositories. Set of different paste volumes, combinations of water-to-powder ratios and fine aggregate contents have been performed within the frame of this study. The main objective was to search for tendencies, logical connections and phenomena that occur for different combination of materials regarding the fluidity and segregation and mainly the effect from the (paste) or fine aggregate content. It shall be pointed out that this investigation is a suggestion on how concrete can be optimized using two simple test methods based on changing the paste content. The results highlighted the importance of having sufficient amounts of filler and cement paste for separate and carry larger particles, which gives the concrete good workability and fluidity at casting. It was concluded that the slump behaviors can be optimized based on the adjustments of the superplastisizer dosage.

关键词： Concrete Paste Content Workability Talc Void Volume

Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 656-671页

作者： Karwan Alkaradaghi Tara Ali nadhir Al-ansari Polla Khanaqa Jan Laue Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research Sulaimaniyah Iraq

Polycarbonate plastics containing bisphenol A (BPA) used to manufacture drinking water bottles. Kurdistan region in northern Iraq is a developed area with increased pollution from plastic bottles. Trace amounts of BPA have been detected in bottled water samples. The absorption of BPA was measured with HPLC using a vertical cultivation system with Bulbs of the Allium Cepa plant planted in these plastic bottles with monitored growth. Vertical cultivation was found to have a low level of BPA in the plant cells, making it a safe cultivation method under specific climate conditions. The mean concentration of BPA in vertical cultivation is 0.19 ug/ml (3.8 ng for a 20 uL injection), and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.63 ug/ml (12.7 ng for 20 uL injection). While Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the concentrations are relatively low in water samples stored at room temperature compared to those exposed to direct sunlight (40°C) and water bottle samples stored at (-4°C), The correlation coefficients were found to be good (0.9992). SEM is used for plastic bottle samples stored at different temperatures. The images identify compound decay and explore the morphology of BPA in manufactured plastic materials.

关键词： Vertical Cultivation Allium Bisphenol A Plastic Bottles Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Simulate New Near Equatorial Satellite System by a Novel Multi-Fields and Purposes Remote Sensing Goniometer

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Engineering（科研） 2020年第6期12卷 325-346页

作者： Hayder Dibs Shattri Mansor Noordin Ahmadb nadhir Al-ansari Hydraulic Structures Department Faculty of Water Resources Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Al-Qasim Iraq Geospatial Information Science Research Centre Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia Level 6 Tower Block Selangor Malaysia National Space Agency Malaysia (ANGKASA) Kementerian Sains Teknologi dan Inovasi Pusat Angkasa Negara Lot 2233 Jalan Turi Kg. Sg. Lang Banting Malaysia Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

Researchers in the remote sensing field use different types of images from satellite systems and simulator devices, such as goniometers. However, no device can simulate the new generation of optical satellite system called near-equatorial satellite system to perform different kinds of remote sensing applications in equatorial regions. This study proposed a newly invented laboratory and fieldwork goniometer designed to simulate and capture intensity variation and measure the bidirectional spectral reflectance of earth surface. The proposed goniometer is a multi-purpose and multi-field device. It is able to simulate different satellite systems and measure the intensity variation and spectral reflectance of earth’s surface features with freely azimuth and zenith angles of sensors and illumination source in fieldwork and/or laboratory. However, the system of invention is focusing on specific satellite orbital to work with the parameters and properties of NEqO satellite system in order to obtain NEqO system imagery for performing different applications such as geometric correction, relative radiometric normalization and change detection for future work. The significant of this invention is that most of the invented goniometers of remote sensing are able to work just in field or just in laboratory and use, carry just optical sensor or hyperspectral sensor. Specifically, our invention can do all these functions that are not available in existing goniometers. The proposed device offers several advantages, namely, high measurement speed, flexibility, low cost, efficiency, and possible measurement depending on the free zenith/azimuth angles of sensors and illumination sources. The proposed goniometer includes ten parts, and two different sensors (optical and hyperspectral).

关键词： Near-Equatorial Satellite System Remote Sensing Goniometer Low-Cost Goniometer Optical Sensor Hyperspectral Sensor

Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability in Northern Babylon Governorate, Iraq

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第12期8卷 883-902页

作者： Qais Al-Madhlom nadhir Al-ansari Hussain M. Hussain Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Department of Geology College of Science Kufa University Najaf Iraq

Groundwater is one of the main resources from the earth, especially for arid or semiarid countries. For this reason, it is very important to keep it unpolluted. Drastic Model is one of the widely used models to detect groundwater vulnerability to the contaminants that are found on ground surface. In this model, it is assumed that the vulnerability of the groundwater is affected by seven hydrological parameters. They are: depth from the surface ground to groundwater, net recharge into the aquifer from the surface, aquifer media, soil media, area topography, impact of vadose zone and aquifer hydraulic conductivity. In this study, the DRASTIC model was applied on the northern part of Babylon governorate in Iraq, to predict the vulnerability of Groundwater in that area. The results indicate that the vulnerability is very low to low grade.

关键词： Groundwater Vulnerability Groundwater Sensitivity DRASTIC Model GIS Babylon Iraq