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A Concise History of Islamic Medicine: An Introduction to the Origins of Medicine in Islamic Civilization, Its Impact on the Evolution of Global Medicine, and Its Place in the Medical World Today

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第4期13卷 180-197页

作者： Homayun Shahpesandy Tarik Al-Kubaisy Rosemary mohammed-ali ahmed Oladosu Rachael Middleton Nermin Saleh Ash Villa Willoughby Road Greylees Sleaford NG34 8QA Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust UK Early Intervention Psychosis Team Meridian House Normanby Road Scunthorpe North Lincolnshire DN15 8QZ Rotherham Don-caster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust UK The Hartsholme Centre Long Leys Road Lincoln LN1 1FS Lincolnshire NHS Foundation Trust UK Carlholme Court Long Leys Road Lincoln LN1 1FS Lincolnshire NHS Foundation Trust UK

The practice of medicine in Muslim nations dates to the millennia before the advent of the religion of Islam. As far as the pre-Islamic period is concerned, what evidence is available indicates the medical evolution began nearly 6000 years ago in Mesopotamia, where medicine for the first time in history became a recognised profession. In ancient Egypt, it was practised by priest-physicians who demonstrated astonishing knowledge in various medical subjects. The origins of medicine in ancient Persia (Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Central Asia) span the 6th century B.C. and to the Zoroastrian religious book of Avesta, which delved into such topics as preventive and clinical medicine. In reference to the account of medicine in the Arab peninsula, limited information exists. In terms of post-Islamic ages, the foundations of Islamic science were laid during the reign of the second Abbasid Caliph, al-Mansur, and the establishment of Baghdad as its capital in 762 A.D., when the Arabic translation movement commenced. During the next six centuries, medicine and other fields of science flourished, and prominent physicians such as the Bukht Yishu family, Razī, Majūsī, Avicenna, Jorjanī, Al-Zahrāwī, and other scientists emerged. In both the pre- and post-Islamic ages, Islamic medicine was heavily influenced by Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, Indian, and, predominantly, Greek medicine. Nevertheless, the advancements and innovations in medical science and healthcare systems that were achieved during the early and medieval Islamic ages have indubitably made an invaluable contribution to the evolution of medicine throughout the world, and to the invention of numerous procedures and practices which are still widely performed today. Hence, the value of comprehending the pivotal role Islamic medicine played (and indeed still plays) in the progression of medical practice across the globe cannot be overstated.

关键词： History of Medicine Islamic Civilisation Balkhi Razi Avicenna

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Epidemiological Pattern of Breast Diseases among Females in the South-Western Region, Saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020年第5期11卷 257-269页

作者： Abdulrahman Manaa Alamri Saeed ali Alsareii Hajr Al-Wadei Awad mohammed Al-Qahtani Salem ali Alatef Sultan Sara ali Alshamrani ahmed Hamzah Almakrami Abdullah ahmed Daiel Ahlam Yahya Alyami Ashwaq Mousa Hommadi Yagoub mohammed Tahir ali Department of Surgery College of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA College of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA Department of General surgery King Khalid Hospital Najran KSA

Background: Breast diseases cover several conditions. The majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. Some of these lesions are clinically unremarkable, which needed minimal intervention. However, some symptoms may be of clinical value and attract the attention of both the patient and the attending physician, especially when they become persistent. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, types, and clinical profile of breast diseases among females in the South-western region, during the period from 2018-2020. Methods: A retrospective record-based descriptive approach was used through reviewing medical records of all cases with breast disease attended King Khalid Hospital during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. Data extracted throng pre-structured questionnaire. Results: The study included 211 cases whose ages ranged from 18 to 58 years old with a mean age of 28.9 ± 12.8 years. Breast mass was the most recorded complaint (95.1%) followed with breast pain (32%), skin changes. Benign findings based on the final pathology report were recorded for more than two thirds of the cases, with the most common finding were fibroadenoma. Excisional biopsy and modified radical mastectomy were the most reported surgical interventions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that the majority of the cases had benign breast disease (BBD), where fibroadenoma was the most frequent.

关键词： Breast Disease Females Incidence Pattern Predictors Epidemiolo-gylesions Biopsy

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Burden of Congenital Defects Diagnosed through Ultrasonography in Soba Fetomaternal Unit, Khartoum, Sudan

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Open Journal of Radiology 2023年第1期13卷 67-76页

作者： Mona Awadallah mohammed ali Osman Isam ahmed ali Elhassan Fareeda Nikhat Khan Abdulmutallab alimam Mounkaila Noma Atif Fazari Faculty of Medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum Sudan Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Latifa Hospital DHA Dubai UAE Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan

Background: Congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of fetal loss, despite it can be identified prior to birth through advanced technology in expert hands. Our research aimed at estimating the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Sudan. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study combined with a community-based survey through a telephone interview was implemented on a purposive convenient sample of 138 participants. The data were computerized in Epi Info 7. Google Earth Pro enabled to collect the geographical coordinates for the residence of the participants. Descriptive statistics were performed through SPSS 23 and ArcGIS 10.3 was used to generate the geographical distribution map of congenital defects to visualize the catchment areas of Soba Ultrasonography Unit. Results: Of the 138 participants, the estimated prevalence of congenital defects was 2.2/10,000 live births. The ultrasonography screening revealed that neural tube defects were the most prevalent anomalies with 13.0% (18/138), which represented 47.4% (18/38) of all defects. Concerning children, a mortality rate of 23.2% (32/138) was reported. Conclusions: The child mortality rate post ultrasound screening of 23.2%, and the neural tube defects being the most common anomalies appealed to Sudan health authorities for focusing on more preventive antenatal practices to strengthen and promote maternal and child health.

关键词： Prevalence Congenital Defects Ultrasound Spatial Distribution

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Brain Abscess Surgery Outcome: A Comparison between Craniotomy with Membrane Excision versus Burr Hole Aspiration

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第2期13卷 74-93页

作者： Babiker Sirelkhatim Hassan ali Abubakr Darrag Salim ahmed mohammed Awad Elzain Fawaz Eljili Marhoom Abdelradi Department of Neurosurgery National Center for Neurological Sciences Khartoum Sudan Ribat University Hospital Neurospine Center Khartoum Sudan

Introduction: Brain abscess represents 8% of intracranial masses in developing countries. Despite the advances in neuro-imaging, still, the diagnosis of brain abscess is difficult and may need a biopsy in most cases to verify the diagnosis because may even lead to death. CT scan with contrast is a good tool for diagnosing and localizing brain abscesses in late stages, however, it is difficult to diagnose them in the early stages. The development of MRI helps to more accurately diagnose brain abscess. Surgical management of brain abscesses is either medical or surgical through craniotomy or burr holes. Indications of each are still a point of debate among most neurosurgeons. Methodology: This is a descriptive longitudinal prospective study to compare the outcomes of two surgical procedures used in The National Centre for Neurological Sciences-Khartoum-Sudan (NCNS) from 2012 to 2015, craniotomy and excision of the abscess membrane versus burr hole and aspiration of brain abscess in terms of duration of hospitalization, length of antibiotic use, recurrence rate, number of images needed for follow-up, and the final postoperative early and late outcomes. The data was collected through a designed questionnaire and was then analyzed using SPSS version 20. No significant ethical approval was required for this study. Results: Fifty-four patients were operated on through craniotomy (29/54) and burr hole (25/54). Their ages ranged from 1 year to 53 years with an average presentation at 13 years of age. Most patients presented with fever (23.1%), convulsions (16%), vomiting (16.7%) and headache (15.4%). The mean of illness for both groups was almost 2 months. The majority of patients in this study were having no risk factors (38.9%) while the major risk factors seen were cardiac diseases (14.8%), neurosurgical procedures (13%) and otitis media (11.1%). As most patients presented late, the diagnosis of most was made using CT brain with contrast (83.3%). In most of the patients (

关键词： Brain Abscess Surgery Outcome Comparison of Surgery of Brain Abscess Craniotomy versus Burrhole

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Diagnostic Performance of glmM Gene and Histological Stains for Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsy from Patients Admitted to Wad Madani Teaching Hospital, Sudan

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Natural Science 2022年第8期14卷 343-352页

作者： Karima ali Hamid Albadawi Abdelbagi Talha Abdalraheem ali Babiker mohammed Ibrahim Malik Adam Dawoud Abakar Omer Mustafa Elsidig A Saeed Mohmed Bushra ahmed Elhadi Abdalla ahmed Department of Histopathology and Cytology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Jouf University Al Jouf Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Helicobacter pylori is the microbial agent most responsible for gastro-duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis, which can develop into carcinoma of the stomach. This study was performed in Wad Medani Teaching Hospital, Sudan to detect Helicobacter pylori in stomach samples, and evaluate the performance of the tests used, which were histological stains and PCR. Gastric biopsies were obtained from 105 referred patients during endoscopy, and fixed specimens examined by haematoxylin-eosin and Warthin-Starry silver stains, while DNA was extracted for glmM gene amplification. Epigastric pain was the most common symptom at 78% (82/105) and chronic gastritis recorded with 71% (68/105) of endoscopy results. Warthin-Starry silver stain gave 31% (33/105) as positive for Helicobacter pylori followed by glmM gene 27% (28/105) and haematoxylin-eosin 24% (25/105). The study indicated good performance of histological staining and high specificity of glmM gene in detection of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Histological Stains glmM Gene Gastric Biopsy Sudan

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An Efficient Method for Epileptic Seizure Detection in Long-Term EEG Recordings

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第12期7卷 963-972页

作者： Alaa Eldeen Mahmoud Helal ahmed Farag Seddik mohammed ali Eldosoky Ayat Allah Farouk Hussein Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Cairo Egypt Clinical Neurophysiology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders with no age, racial, social class, and neither national nor geographic boundaries. There are 50 million sufferers in the world today with 2.4 million new cases occur each year. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has become a traditional procedure to investigate abnormal functioning of brain activity. Epileptic EEG is usually characterized by short transients and sharp waves as spikes. Identification of such event splays a crucial role in epilepsy diagnosis and treatment. The present study proposes a method to detect three epileptic spike types in EEG recordings based mainly on Template Matching Algorithm including multiple signal-processing approaches. The method was applied to real clinical EEG data of epileptic patients and evaluated according to sensitivity, specificity, selectivity and average detection rate. The promising results illuminate that hybrid processing approaches in temporal, frequency and spatial domains can be a real solution to identify fast EEG transients.

关键词： Electroencephalogram (EEG) Seizure Detection Epilepsy Diagnosis

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Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy in Children and Adolescents: Immediate and Midterm Results

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2015年第4期5卷 71-78页

作者： Sharaf-Eldeen Sh. Abdallah ahmed Bogdady mohammed A. Ezzat Safaa H. ali Internal Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt Pediatric Department Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt

Objective: To analyze immediate and midterm results of percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV) in patients ≤ 18 year, a single centre experience of Sohag university hospital. Methods: Between May 2010 and May 2012, 64 procedures of Inoue technique mitral valvotomy were performed on 64 patients. The mean age was 15.8 ± 2.2 years;75% were females. Results: Success was obtained in 96.8% of patients. Immediate complications were severe mitral regurgitation (3.1%), cardiac tamponade (1.6%) and embolic stroke in (1.6%). Late follow-up was obtained in 93.7% of the patients (at 6 and 24 months). Restenosis developed in 3 patients. Most of the patients had no symptoms at discharge but most of them had NYHA class I to II at 6 months to 2 years follow up. No patients died. Patients who operated early with MVA around 1.4 had best outcome. Conclusion: PMV represents a safe therapeutic option in young patients with mitral valve stenosis. In these patients, recurrence of symptoms and restenosis occurs at an earlier stage than in elderly. Earlier intervention carries better outcome and decreases restenosis rate.

关键词： Inoue Technique Mitral Valvotomy Restenosis Children Adolescents

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Numerical Study for Simulation the MHD Flow and Heat-Transfer Due to a Stretching Sheet on Variable Thickness and Thermal Conductivity with Thermal Radiation

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第12期6卷 2045-2056页

作者： Mohamed M. Khader mohammed M. Babatin ali Eid ahmed M. Megahed Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of Science Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Benha University Benha Egypt Department of Physics College of Science Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The main aim of this article is to introduce the approximate solution for MHD flow of an electrically conducting Newtonian fluid over an impermeable stretching sheet with a power law surface velocity and variable thickness in the presence of thermal-radiation and internal heat generation/absorption. The flow is caused by the non-linear stretching of a sheet. Thermal conductivity of the fluid is assumed to vary linearly with temperature. The obtaining PDEs are transformed into non-linear system of ODEs using suitable boundary conditions for various physical parameters. We use the Chebyshev spectral method to solve numerically the resulting system of ODEs. We present the effects of more parameters in the proposed model, such as the magnetic parameter, the wall thickness parameter, the radiation parameter, the thermal conductivity parameter and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented, moreover, the local skin-friction and Nusselt numbers. A comparison of obtained numerical results is made with previously published results in some special cases, and excellent agreement is noted. The obtained numerical results confirm that the introduced technique is powerful mathematical tool and it can be implemented to a wide class of non-linear systems appearing in more branches in science and engineering.

关键词： Newtonian Fluid Stretching Sheet Variable Thermal Conductivity Thermal Radiation Chebyshev Spectral Method

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Frequency of Hypocalcaemia after Thyroid Surgery in the Omdurman Military Hospital in 2018

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Surgical Science 2023年第2期14卷 111-121页

作者： ali Hassan ali ahmed Adeel Reham Abd Alhalem Hijo Khaleel Sirag Abdelazim Sirag Elnor Elwasila mohammed Gibriel Badawi Ismail College of Medicine Karary University Omdurman Sudan University of Bahri Bahri Sudan

Background: Hypocalcaemia is a serious complication that may follows thyroid surgeries. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of postoperative hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery in Omdurman military hospital (Jan.-July 2018). Materials & Methods: In this retrospective facility based cross sectional study, 124 files were reviewed, the recorded data were age, sex, residence, diagnosis, type of surgery & postoperative calcium level, data were collected by a designed pretested checklist, data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 by using frequencies & cross tabulations, for postoperative hypocalcaemia. Results: Majority of the patients were between 21 - 41 years 49.2%, majority of them were females 83.9%. 97.6% of them underwent total thyroidectomy, 25% of the patients developed postoperative hypocalcaemia, also we found that there was no relation between sex, type of thyroid surgery & development of postoperative hypocalcaemia (P > 0.001). Conclusion: Our research showed that 25% of the patients who underwent thyroid surgery developed postoperative hypocalcaemia.

关键词： Thyroid Diseases Hypocalcaemia Thyroidectomy

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四个脂肪酸合成酶基因在哺乳动物细胞中的超表达提高长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成效率

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生物工程学报 2014年第9期30卷 1464-1472页

作者：朱贵明 Abdulmomen ali mohammed Saleh Said ahmed Bahwal 汪坤福王明富王迪迪葛堂栋孙洁佳木斯大学基础医学院黑龙江佳木斯154007

DHA(22:6n-3)、EPA(20:5n-3)和ARA(20:4n-6)三种长链多不饱和脂肪酸在生物体内活性最强,它们在促进大脑发育和功能维持以及在预防和治疗心血管疾病、炎症、癌症等多种疾病方面有着重要作用。然而,尽管哺乳动物体内有完整的长链多不饱和... 详细信息

DHA(22:6n-3)、EPA(20:5n-3)和ARA(20:4n-6)三种长链多不饱和脂肪酸在生物体内活性最强,它们在促进大脑发育和功能维持以及在预防和治疗心血管疾病、炎症、癌症等多种疾病方面有着重要作用。然而,尽管哺乳动物体内有完整的长链多不饱和脂肪酸合成酶系,但哺乳动物合成这些长链多不饱和脂肪酸的效率很低而主要依赖于食物获取。本研究应用转基因方法,将哺乳动物来源的Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶以及Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸延长酶这4种酶的编码基因构建成为一个多基因表达载体,然后转染哺乳动物细胞HEK293T,实现了4个目的基因的超表达,再通过气质联用(GC-MS)分析证实了DHA、EPA和ARA等长链多不饱和脂肪酸的合成效率及水平显著增加,DHA的水平更是提高了2.5倍。由此可见,哺乳动物具有某种抑制长链多不饱和脂肪酸高水平合成的机制,但通过Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶以及Δ6和Δ5脂肪酸延长酶的超表达,能够打破哺乳动物这种抑制机制,从而显著提高DHA、EPA、ARA等的合成水平。同时,本研究的思路也为在转基因动物中生产长链多不饱和脂肪酸提供了重要的启示。

关键词：多不饱和脂肪酸脂肪酸去饱和酶脂肪酸延长酶多基因表达载体

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