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Exploring nitrogen reduction reaction mechanisms in electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis:A comprehensive review

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 681-697页

作者： Abhishek Umesh shetty ravi sankannavar school of Chemical and materials science Indian Institute of Technology GoaFarmagudiPonda 403401GoaIndia Department of Chemical Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyMSR NagarMSRIT PostBengaluru 560054KarnatakaIndia

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR)holds significant promise as a sustainable alternative to the conventional large-scale Haber Bosch process,offering a carbon footprint-free approach for ammonia *** the process is thermodynamically feasible at ambient temperature and pressure,challenges such as the competing hydrogen evolution reaction,low nitrogen solubility in electrolytes,and the activation of inert dinitrogen(N_(2))gas adversely affect the performance of ammonia *** hurdles result in low Faradaic efficiency and low ammonia production rate,which pose obstacles to the commercialisation of the *** have been actively designing and proposing various electrocatalysts to address these issues,but challenges still need to be resolved.A key strategy in electrocatalyst design lies in understanding the underlying mechanisms that govern the success or failure of the electrocatalyst in driving the electrochemical *** mechanistic studies,we gain valuable insights into the factors affecting the reaction,enabling us to propose optimised designs to overcome the *** review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various mechanisms involved in eNRR on the electrocatalyst *** delves into the various mechanisms such as dissociative,associative,mars-van Krevelen,lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction and surface hydrogenation mechanisms of nitrogen *** unravelling the intricacies of eNRR mechanisms and exploring promising avenues,we can pave the way for more efficient and commercially viable ammonia synthesis through this sustainable electrochemical process by designing an efficient electrocatalyst.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis Electrolysis Electrocatalysis Nitrogen reductionreaction Electrochemical reaction pathways Reactionmechanism

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methyl-salicylate:A surveillance system fortriggering immunity in neighboring plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 163-165页

作者： saumya Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar Tripathi ravi Gupta JingHe Zhong-Hua Chen Vijay Pratap singh Plant Physiology Laboratory Department of Botany C.M.P.Degree CollegeA Constituent Post Graduate College ofUniversity of AllahabadPrayagraj 211002India Crop Nanobiology and molecular stress Physiology LabAmity Institute of Organic Agriculture Amity University UttarPradeshNoida 201313India College of General Education Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707South Korea school of science Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western SydneyUniversitySydney 2751New South WalesAustralia

Plant behavioral actions have been one of the major topicsof research in plant biology and *** actionsfrom plants are determined by their instant structural andphysical reactions to the circumstances(Bouwmeester et al.,2019).Upon sensing abiotic factors such as salinity,flooding,high temperature,drought,plants make suitable changes intheir physiology and behavior to survive such harsh conditions.

关键词： immunity neighboring salinity

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Comparative metabolomics reveal histamine biodegradation mechanism by salt stressed Bacillus subtilis JZXJ-7

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Rundong Wang Yijia Deng Yuhao Zhang Xuepeng Li ravi Gooneratne Jianrong Li College of Food science and Engineering， Bohai University Chongqing Key Laboratory of speciality Food Co-Built by sichuan and Chongqing Department of Wine， Food and molecular Biosciences， Faculty of Agriculture and Life sciences， Lincoln University Lincoln 7647， New Zealand College of Food science， southwest University College of Food science and Engineering， Lingnan Normal University

Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) JZXJ-7 isolated from shrimp paste can significantly degrade histamine under salt stress but the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl on B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth， histamine degradation， antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT)， superoxide dismutase (sOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GsT)] activities and Na+， K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore， comparative metabolomics was used to investigate histamine biodegradation mechanism by *** JZXJ-7 subjected to salt stress. Both 170 and 340 mmol/L NaCl promoted B. subtilis JZXJ-7 growth in late stages of reproduction (32 - 48 h)， increased histamine degradation rate by 64.85% and 79.87% (P se activity to 6.28 U/mg (P mg (P spectively. NaCl treatment significantly increased the activities of CAT， GsT and sOD (P mino acids and its metabolites (33.39%)， benzene and substituted derivatives (12.05%)， heterocyclic compounds (10.62%)， organic acids and derivatives (9.75%)， aldehydes， ketones， esters (5.59%) and nucleotides and its metabolites (4.58%). metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed NaCl induced differential metabolic pathways of D-glutamine， D-glutamate， L-arginine， L-proline， histidine and glycerophospholipids， L-lysine degradation， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Exposure to 340 mmol/L NaCl up-regulated carbohydrate， glutathione and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The new insights into the mechanism of salt stress to promote B. subtilis JZJX-7 growth， energy metabolic pathways and to degrade histamine provide the theoretical basis for application of B. subtilis JZXJ-7 in food fermentation industry.

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Downwash airflow distribution pattern of hexa-copter unmanned aerial vehicles

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第4期17卷 24-34页

作者： Dengeru Yallappa Ramasamy Kavitha allimuthu surendrakumar Kannan Balaji Balakrishnan suthakar Ayyasamy Paramasivam mohan Kumar Yathendranaik ravi Narayananaik Ashoka Kumar Kavan Department of Farm machinery and Power Engineering Agricultural Engineering College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore

In recent times,the use of vertical take-off and landing(VTOL)multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAVs)for spraying chemical pesticides against weeds and pests has recently become *** current aerial spray application research is primarily focused on examining the influence of UAV spraying parameters such as flight height,travel speed,rotor configuration,droplet size,payload and wind *** downwash airflow velocity generated by the UAV rotor propeller has a significant impact on the droplet deposition process.A test rig was developed to measure the downwash airflow pattern generated by the rotor propeller of a *** this investigation,a six-rotor electric autonomous UAV sprayer was used to investigate the parameters and distribution laws of downwash airflow *** downwash airflow velocity was measured using portable anemometers mounted on the test rig at radial positions viz.,0 m,0.5 m,1 m,1.5 m and 2 m,perpendicular to(X)and parallel to the UAV’s flight direction(Y).The experiment was conducted at three levels of hover height,viz.,1 m,2 m and 3 m(Z)and three levels of payload,viz.,0 kg,5 kg,and 10 *** special downwash airflow distribution pattern was analysed using the Python programming language(Version 3.7).Results show that the downwash airflow velocity generated by the radial position of the UAV rotor is evenly distributed on the rotating loop and the standard deviation of the downwash airflow velocity is less than 0.5 m/*** maximum downwash airflow velocity of 13.8 m/s was observed below the rotor at 10 kg payload capacity,1 m hover height(Z),and 0.5 m in the *** minimum downwash wind field of 0.3 m/s was observed at 0 kg pay load capacity,1 m height,and 2 m in the *** downwash airflow velocity along each position in the radial direction of the rotor increases initially and then *** downwash airflow distribution results helps in mounting of spray nozzle configuration to drone sprayer which helps to

关键词： downwash air payload rotor propeller flight height distribution analysis flight direction

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Particle size Optimization of Thermochemical salt Hydrates for High Energy Density Thermal storage

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第2期7卷 326-333页

作者： Andrew martin Drew Lilley Raνi Prasher sumanjeet Kaur Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of mechanical Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Thermal energy storage(TEs)solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and ***,they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by time shifting the load,which are critical toward zero energy *** materials(TCms)as a class of TEs undergo a solid-gas reversible chemical reaction with water vapor to store and release energy with high storage capacities(600 kWh m^(-3))and negligible self-discharge that makes them uniquely suited as compact,stand-alone units for daily or seasonal ***,TCms suffer from instabilities at the material(salt particles)and reactor level(packed beds of salt),resulting in poor multi-cycle efficiency and high-levelized cost of *** this study,a model is developed to predict the pulverization limit or Rcrit of various salt hydrates during thermal *** is critical as it provides design rules to make mechanically stable TCm composites as well as enables the use of more energy-efficient manufacturing process(solid-state mixing)to make the *** model is experimentally validated on multiple TCm salt hydrates with different water content,and effect of Rcrit on hydration and dehydration kinetics is also investigated.

关键词： high energy density hydration kinetics long-term cycling thermal energy storage thermochemical materials

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Public secondary school Teachers in Parakou, Benin, in 2021

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 238-248页

作者： Yessito Corine nadège Houehanou Luc Béhanzin Virginie mongbo Carelle Akiyo maurice Agonnoudé Thierry Adoukonou David Houéto National Training school for senior Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological surveillance (ENATsE) University of Parakou Parakou Benin Regional Institute of Public Health Comlan Albert Quenum University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Overweight and obesity represent a public health problem in Africa due to the epidemiological transition. The objectives of this work were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to identify associated factors among public secondary school teachers in Parakou, Benin in 2021. methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Teachers working in public secondary schools in Parakou during the 2020-2021 academic year, present at work and who gave their written informed consent, were included. A two-stage random sampling was carried out. Data were collected during an individual interview using a questionnaire followed by the measurement of anthropometric parameters and blood pressure. Overweight and obesity were defined by a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/msup>2sup>. multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. Results: A sample of 325 teachers, including 88.6% of men, was recruited with an average age of 36.2 ± 6.8 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 43.7% (95% CI [38.1%-44.8%]). It increased significantly with income (p Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Actions are necessary to prevent overweight and obesity among secondary school teachers in Parakou, in Benin.

关键词： Prevalence Obesity Teachers Benin

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Practice of Barrier measures against COVID-19 Among Diabetic People Followed at Departmental University Hospital Center Ouémé-Plateau, Benin, in 2021

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 249-259页

作者： Yèssito Corine nadège Houehanou Armand Wanvoègbe Akouodé Thomas Hounto Luc Béhanzin maurice Agonnoudé David Houéto Thierry Adoukonou National school of Public Health (ENATsE) University of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Internal medicine University Departmental Hospital Ou&#233me-Plateau Porto-Novo Benin

Introduction: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the coronavirus sARs-COV2 appeared in China in 2019. The aim of the study was to evaluate the practice of barrier measures against COVID-19 and to identify associated factors among diabetics followed at Departmental University Hospital Center Ouémé-Plateau, Benin, in 2021. methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2021, including diabetics aged 18 and over, hospitalized or received for medical visits in the department of medicine at the target hospital. Data were collected during an interview with each participant thanks to a questionnaire. “Good practice” was defined as regular practice of at least two of three barrier measures: hand washing, physical distancing and mask-wearing. Results: A total of 110 diabetics were included with a female predominance (55.5%) and a mean age of 57 ± 11.3 years. Among them, 89.1% washed their hands, 41.8% respected physical distancing and 12.7% wore a mask. The proportion of good practice was 47.3%. Only 5 practiced the three barrier measures. Only age group was associated with good practice. Conclusion: The study showed a low proportion of good practice of barrier measures against COVID-19 among diabetic people surveyed. It is important to continue the action for COVID-19 prevention among diabetic people in the targeted hospital and in other hospitals in Benin.

关键词： COVID-19 Barrier measures Practice Diabetic People Benin

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sensory Phenotypic and molecular Identification of Aromatic Rice Accessions Cultivated in Benin

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 195-206页

作者： Chimène nadège mahoussi Nanoukon Koffi David montcho Hambada Deless Edmond Fulgence Thiémélé Bignon meyrix Pamela Franzel Loumedjinon Babatoundé Franel Carel Wenceslas Affolabi Amed sèmèvo Havivi Kéllya Laurinzo Déguénon Grâce Finagnon Vitoekpon Arielle Bankole Lambert Gustave Djedatin Laboratory of molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics National School of Applied Biosciences and Bio-technologies National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Dassa-Zoumè Benin Laboratory of molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Applied to Genomics National School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics Dassa-Zoumè Benin Laboratory of Plant Horticultural and Forestry Sciences National University of Agriculture Kétou Benin Genetics Teaching and Research Unit Department of Biochemistry-Genetics Peleforo GON COULIBALY University Korhogo C&#244te d’Ivoire

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated cereals in the world, and its aroma is increasingly in demand. With the advancement of research, a major rice flavor gene has been identified on rice chromosome 8. It encodes non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline which is the major olfactory compound that confers the fragrant character to rice. The aroma of rice is considered a special trait of enormous economic importance that determines the prime price in world trade. To satisfy the needs of the population and reduce rice imports into Benin, we conducted this study to identify aromatic rice accessions grown in Benin. seventy-two rice accessions collected across Benin were PCR amplified with three ssR markers Rm 7049, Aro 7, and Rm 223, linked to the fgr (fragrance of rice) aroma gene. molecular analysis revealed that 12 of the 72 accessions, namely Bagou 19, Bagou 22, Tchaka 34, Foun 15, Tchaka 41, Nana 32, Kan 61, Kung 69, Kung 67, Bagou 20, Agbab 101 and Koum 55 possess the fgr gene and can be considered as aromatic rice accessions. A sensory phenotypic test using KOH was carried out on rice accessions carrying fgr gene. Of the twelve positives, only one had the smell of aromatic rice, like the Azucena control. These results show that Benin also has aromatic rice varieties that can be sold on national and international markets.

关键词： Aromatic Rice 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline ssR markers Benin

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Evolutionary fingerprint, phylogenetic and forest structure of tropical montane Atlantic cloud forests along an elevation gradient

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Journal of mountain science 2024年第4期21卷 1259-1271页

作者： ravi Fernandes mARIANO Vanessa Leite REZENDE Cléber Rodrigo de sOUZA Patrícia Vieira POmPEU Rubens manoel dos sANTOs Carolina Njaime mENDEs Aloysio souza de mOURA Felipe santana mACHADO Warley Augusto Caldas CARVALHO marco Aurélio Leite FONTEs Department of Forest sciences Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil 2Environmental Defence Association of minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 30360-110Brazil Department of Ecology and Conservation Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil Department of Forest sciences State University of Mato Grosso do SulAquidauana 79200-000Brazil Agência Zetta Federal University of LavrasLavras 37200-900Brazil. Department of Natural sciences Federal University of São João del-ReiSão João del-Rei 36307-352Brazil.

Environmental conditions can change markedly over geographical distances along elevation gradients,making them natural laboratories to study the processes that structure *** work aimed to assess the influences of elevation on Tropical montane Cloud Forest plant communities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest,a historically neglected *** evaluated the phylogenetic structure,forest structure(tree basal area and tree density)and species richness along an elevation gradient,as well as the evolutionary fingerprints of elevation-success on phylogenetic lineages from the tree *** do so,we assessed nine communities along an elevation gradient from 1210 to 2310 m *** large elevation *** relationships between elevation and phylogenetic structure,forest structure and species richness were investigated through Linear *** occurrence of evolutionary fingerprint on phylogenetic lineages was investigated by quantifying the extent of phylogenetic signal of elevation-success using a genus-level molecular *** results showed decreased species richness at higher elevations and independence between forest structure,phylogenetic structure and *** also verified that there is a phylogenetic signal associated with elevation-success by *** concluded that the elevation is associated with species richness and the occurrence of phylogenetic lineages in the tree communities evaluated in mantiqueira *** the other hand,elevation is not associated with forest structure or phylogenetic ***,closely related taxa tend to have their higher ecological success in similar ***,we highlight the fragility of the tropical montane cloud forests in the mantiqueira Range in face of environmental changes(*** warming)due to the occurrence of exclusive phylogenetic lineages evolutionarily adapted to environmental conditions(*** temperature)associated with each elevation range.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Cloud forest Conservation Community ecology montane forests Phylogenetic diversity Phylogenetic signal

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Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using Vs-N correlations

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Frontiers of structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第5期15卷 1199-1208页

作者： Jithin P ZACHARIAH ravi s JAKKA Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

site-specific seismic hazard analysis is crucial for designing earthquake resistance structures,particularly in seismically active *** wave velocity(V_(s))is a key parameter in such analysis,although the economy and other factors restrict its direct field measurement in many *** V_(s)-sPT-N correlations are routinely incorporated in seismic hazard analysis to estimate the value of V_(s).However,many uncertainties question the reliability of these estimated V_(s)*** paper comes up with a statistical approach to take care of such uncertainties involved in V_(s)*** measured sPT-N values from all the critical boreholes were converted into statistical parameters and passed through various correlations to estimate V_(s)at different *** effect of different soil layers in the boreholes on the V_(s)estimation was also taken into ***,the average shear wave velocity of the top 30 m soil coverV_(s30))is estimated after accounting for various epistemic and aleatoric *** scattering nature of the V_(s)values estimated using different V_(s)-N correlations was reduced significantly with the application of the *** results further clearly demonstrated the potential of the approach to eliminate various uncertainties involved in the estimation of V_(s)30 using general and soil-specific correlations.

关键词： uncertainties V_(s)-N correlations V_(s30) sPT data statistical methodology

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