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Some basic concepts and problems on the petrogenesis of intra-plate ocean island basalts

Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第22期54卷 4148-4160页

作者： niu yaoling1,2,3 1 department of earth sciences, durham university, durham dh1 3le, uk 2 School of earth sciences and Resources, China university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 3 School of earth and Space sciences, Peking university, Beijing 100871, China department of earth sciences Durham University Durham UK School of earth sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China School of earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing China

Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with "hotspots" or "mantle plumes". While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, our current understanding on the origin of OIB source material remains unsatisfactory, and some prevailing ideas need revision. One of the most popular views states that OIB source material is recycled oceanic crust (ROC). Among many problems with the ROC model, the ocean crust is simply too depleted (e.g., [La/Sm]PM > 1) OIB. Another popular view states that the enriched component of OIB comes from recycled continental crust (RCC, i.e.; terrigenous sediments). While both CC and OIB are enriched in many incompatible elements (e.g., both have [La/Sm]PM >>1), the CC has characteristic enrichment in Pb and deletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Such signature is too strong to be eliminated such that CC is unsuitable as source material for OIB. Plate tectonics and mantle circulation permit the presence of ROC and RCC materials in mantle source regions of basalts, but they must be volumetrically insignificant in contributing to basalt magmatism. The observation that OIB are not only enriched in incompatible elements, but also enriched in the progressively more incompatible elements indicates that the enriched component of OIB is of magmatic origin and most likely associated with low-degree melt metasomatism. H2O and CO2 rich incipient melt may form in the seismic low velocity zone (LVZ). This melt will rise because of buoyancy and concentrate into a melt rich layer atop the LVZ to metasomatize the growing lithosphere, forming the metasomatic vein lithologies. Erupted OIB melts may have three components: (1) fertile OIB source material from depth that is dominant, (2) the melt layer, and (3) assimilation of the metasomatic

关键词：岩石成因论海洋 OIB 矿物学

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On the great plume debate

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Science Bulletin 2005年第15期 3-6页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences, durham university, durham dh1 3le, uk

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Testing the geologically testable hypothesis on subduction initiation

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Science Bulletin 2016年第16期61卷 1231-1235页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LE UK Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071 China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Marine Geology) Qingdao 266061 China

‘‘Resolution of the sixty-year debate over continental drift,culminating in the triumph of plate tectonics,changed the very fabric of earth *** tectonics can be considered alongside the theories of evolution in the life sciences and of quantum mechanics in physics in terms of its fundamental importance to our scientific understanding of the world.’’[1]

关键词：假设检验地质引发俯冲板块构造大陆漂移地球科学量子力学

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Slab breakoff： a causal mechanism or pure convenience？

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Science Bulletin 2017年第7期62卷 456-461页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences Durham University Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The idea of lithosphere delamination has long been conceived as a mechanism to cause tectonic uplift,metamorphism and magmatism in active orogenic belts[1–3].Since the publication of the two seminal papers by Davies and von Blanckenburg[4,5],the idea of slab breakoff has been more widely accepted over the last$20 years as the favored mechanism to cause collision zone mag-

关键词： Slab breakoff:a causal mechanism or pure convenience

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Origin of the LLSVPs at the base of the mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics-A petrological and geochemical perspective

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第5期9卷 1265-1278页

作者： yaoling niu China university of Geosciences Beijing 100083China department of earth sciences Durham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

In studying the petrogenesis of intra-plate ocean island basalts(OIB) associated with hotspots or mantle plumes, we hypothesized that the two large-low-shear-wave-velocity provinces(LLSVPs) at the base of the mantle beneath the Pacific(Jason) and Africa(Tuzo) are piles of subducted ocean crust(SOC)accumulated over earth's history. This hypothesis was formulated using petrology, geochemistry and mineral physics in the context of plate tectonics and mantle circulation. Because the current debate on the origin of the LLSVPs is limited to the geophysical community and modelling discipline and because it is apparent that such debate cannot be resolved without considering relevant petrological and geochemical information, it is my motivation here to objectively discuss such information in a readily accessible manner with new perspectives in light of most recent discoveries. The hypothesis has the following elements:(1) subduction of the ocean crust of basaltic composition to the lower mantle is irreversible because(2) SOC is denser than the ambience of peridotitic composition under lower mantle conditions in both solid state and liquid form;(3) this understanding differs from the widespread view that OIB come from ancient SOC that returns from the lower mantle by mantle plumes, but is fully consistent with the understanding that OIB is not derived from SOC because SOC is chemically and isotopically too depleted to meet the requirement for any known OIB suite on earth;(4) SOC is thus the best candidate for the LLSVPs, which are, in turn, the permanent graveyard of SOC;(5) the LLSVPs act as thermal insulators, making core-heating induced mantle diapirs or plumes initiated at their edges, which explains why the large igneous provinces(LIPs) are associated with the edges of the LLSVPs;(6) the antipodal positioning of Jason and Tuzo represents the optimal momentum of inertia, which explains why the LLSVPs are stable in the spinning earth.

关键词： LLSVPs Subducted ocean crust Subducted mantle lithosphere No superplumes Mantle chemical differentiation Optimal momentum of inertia

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Origin of the Yellow Sea： an insight

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Science Bulletin 2016年第14期61卷 1076-1080页

作者： yaoling niu Jie Tang department of earth sciences Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LE UK Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071 China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Marine Geology) Qingdao 266061 China College of earth sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061China

niu et al.[1]recently show that the basement of the Chinese continental shelf(beneath East China Sea and South China Sea)is geologically unrelated to the continental lithosphere of eastern China,but is of exotic origin.

关键词：起源黄海中国东部大陆岩石圈南中国海东中国海中国大陆俯冲板块

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Multi-collector ICP-MS Analysis of Pb Isotope Ratios in Rocks: Data, Procedure and Caution

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期77卷 44-58页

作者： niu yaoling department of earth sciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3YE UK ACQUIRE The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

The authors measured Pb isotope compositions of seven USGS rock referencestandards, i.e. AGV-1, AGV-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, BCR-2, BIR-1/1 and W-2, together with NBS 981 using amicromass isoprobe multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) at theuniversity of Queensland. ^(203)Tl-^(205)Tl isotopes were used as an internal standard to correctfor mass-dependant isotopic fractionation. The results for both NBS 981 and USGS rock standardsAGV-1 and BHVO-1 are comparable to or better than double- and triple-spike TIMS (thermal ionizationmass spectrometry) data in precision. The data for BHVO-2 and, to a lesser extent, AGV-2 and BCR-2are reproducibly higher for ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb, ^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb thandouble-spike TIMS data in the literature. The authors also obtained the Pb isotope data for BIR- 1/1and W-2, which may be used as reference values in future studies. It is found that linearcorrection for Pb isotopic fractionation is adequate with the results identical to those correctedfollowing an exponential law or a power law. Precise ^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb, ^(208)Pb/^(206)Pb and^(208)Pb/^(207)Pb ratios can be acquired for sample solutions with Pb>=1 ppb. However, Pb isotoperatios involving ^(204)Pb (i.e., ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb, ^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb) arereliable for solutions with Pb>=40 ppb. The errors for Pb isotope ratio analysis using the MC-ICP-MSare dominated by errors in the analysis of ^(204)Pb, which is commonly ascribed to the difficultyand imprecise correction for a ^(204)Hg isobaric interference. It is found however that the majorerrors on ^(204)Pb come from the tailings of mass ^(203)Tl and mass ^(205)Tl These mass tailingslead to over-subtraction of the baseline for ^(204)Pb, which is measured at +-0.5 amu on both sidesof mass-204 (i.e., at amu 203.5 and 204.5 respectively). Such errors are insignificant for Pb-richsample solutions (i.e., high Pb/Tl ratios), but can be severe for low-Pb sample solutions

关键词： MC-ICP-MS Pb isotope ratios reference materials

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Editor's note:how and where does continental crust form?

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Science Bulletin 2015年第13期60卷 1139-1140页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences Durham University

＂The significance of the continental crust on which we live is self-evident, yet our knowledge remains limited on its origin, its way and rate of growth, and how it has acquired the ＇andesitic＇ composition from mantle derived magmas＂. In this invited contribution, Cin-Ty lee offers his perspectives. Cin-Ty lee has been a professor of geochemistry at Rice university in Houston, Texas （USA）,

关键词：大陆地壳编者幔源岩浆大学化学德克萨斯 CIN 安山岩休斯敦

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Experimental demonstrations on the sources and conditions of mantle melting

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Science Bulletin 2015年第22期60卷 1871-1872页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences Durham University

The earth’s chemical differentiation is largely the result of mantle melting and magma *** present-day knowledge of mantle melting and magma evolution owes much to experimental simulations carried out by a handful of experimental petrologists over the last*50 *** David Green is one of these few pioneers,whose contributions are enormous and fundamental,and have laid the foundations for our current understanding of mantle melting at ocean ridges,above subduction zones and

关键词：地幔熔融实验模拟岩浆演化实验岩石学地球化学大洋中脊俯冲带板内

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On the great plume debate

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第15期50卷 1537-1540页

作者： yaoling niu department of earth sciences Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK

1 Introductory noteGeological processes are ultimately consequences of earth's thermal evolution. Plate tectonic theory, which explains geological phenomena along plate boundaries, elegantly illustrates this concept. For example, the origin of oceanic plates at ocean ridges, the movement and growth of these plates, and their ultimate consumption back into the earth's deep interior through subduction zones provide an efficient mechanism to cool the earth's mantle, leading to large-scale mantle convection. Mantle plumes, which explain another set of global geological phenomena such as within-plate volcanism, cool the earth's deep interior (probably the earth's core) and represent another mode of earth's thermal convection. Plate tectonic theory and mantle plume hypothesis thus complement each other to explain much of the whole picture of earth processes and phenomena.

关键词：地质学地球科学热量边界性质海洋特性

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