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Do plants explore habitats before exploiting them? An explicit test using two stoloniferous herbs

Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第19期57卷 2425-2432页

作者： PENG YouHong niklas karlj SUN ShuCun Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of PlantBiology Cornefl UniversityIthacaNY14850USA Department of Biology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

We tested whether the processes of exploration and exploitation can be explicitly distinguished as plants grow and develop within a habitat using two stoloniferous clonal herbs,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(Umbelliferae) and Potentilla anserina(Rosaceae).Ramets were planted in four circular trays differing in *** replicate from each diameter-group was sampled at intervals corresponding to plant coverage of the trays,and plant biomass allocation to leaves,stolons,and roots and internode length were *** both species,at early sampling times(when the smallest trays were full),total plant biomass and ramet number were larger in the smaller trays than in the larger ***,this trend was reversed for plants collected at later *** ***,leaf mass ratios(leaf mass to total plant mass) were significantly greater,but stolon mass ratios(stolon mass to total plant mass) were less in the small trays than in the larger ones,particularly during the early stages of the ***,for ***,leaf mass ratios decreased in the smaller trays but increased in the larger ones as the experiment *** mass ratios showed contrasting pattern to leaf mass ratios for both species;stolon mass ratios were significantly smaller in the smaller trays than in the larger ones,although there were no obvious patterns during the course of the *** addition,for both species,internode length was shorter but the number of ramets was greater in the smaller trays at early sampling *** conclude that plants invest greater biomass in resource-exploring organs(stolons) than in resource-exploiting organs(leaves or roots) as they initially establish in a *** relatively lower plant productivity in the largest trays at early sampling times presumably reflects the cost of exploration prior to resource exploitation and utilization.

关键词：草本植物匍匐茎栖息地测试采样时间早期阶段物探实验过程

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Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： David Walzik Tiffany Y.Wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer niklas Joisten Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Division of Exercise and Movement Science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective

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ResoNet:Robust and Explainable ENSO Forecasts with Hybrid Convolution and Transformer Networks

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1289-1298页

作者： Pumeng LYU Tao TANG Fenghua LING Jing-Jia LUO niklas BOERS Wanli OUYANG Lei BAI Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai 200072China Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory Hangzhou 310002China Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Technical University of Munich Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany

Recent studies have shown that deep learning(DL)models can skillfully forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events more than 1.5 years in ***,concerns regarding the reliability of predictions made by DL methods persist,including potential overfitting issues and lack of ***,we propose ResoNet,a DL model that combines CNN(convolutional neural network)and transformer *** hybrid architecture enables our model to adequately capture local sea surface temperature anomalies as well as long-range inter-basin interactions across *** show that ResoNet can robustly predict ENSO at lead times of 19 months,thus outperforming existing approaches in terms of the forecast *** to an explainability method applied to ResoNet predictions of El Niño and La Niña from 1-to 18-month leads,we find that it predicts the Niño-3.4 index based on multiple physically reasonable mechanisms,such as the recharge oscillator concept,seasonal footprint mechanism,and Indian Ocean capacitor ***,we demonstrate for the first time that the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña development can be captured by *** results could help to alleviate skepticism about applying DL models for ENSO prediction and encourage more attempts to discover and predict climate phenomena using AI methods.

关键词： deep learning ENSO CNN transformer

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Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks:Climatology,Interannual Variability,and Extremes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1299-1312页

作者： Ya WANG Gang HUANG Baoxiang PAN Pengfei LIN niklas BOERS Weichen TAO Yutong CHEN BO LIU Haijie LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichOttobrunn 85521Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam 14412Germany Department of Mathematics and Global Systems Institute University of ExeterExeter EX44QEUK CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated ***,these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future *** these challenges requires addressing internal variability,hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations,and thwarting conventional supervised learning ***,we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN),to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature(SST)simulations from the Community Earth System Model 2(CESM2).Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode,as well as SST ***,it substantially corrects climatological SST biases,decreasing the globally averaged Root-Mean-Square Error(RMSE)by 58%.Intriguingly,the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies,a common issue in climate models that traditional methods,like quantile mapping,struggle to ***,it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes,raising the pattern correlation coefficient(PCC)from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to *** enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual,intraseasonal,and synoptic scales *** study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.

关键词： generative adversarial networks model bias deep learning El Niño-Southern Oscillation marine heatwaves

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Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 339-352,I0002页

作者： David Walzik Sergen Belen Karen Wilisch Marie Kupjetz Silvana Kirschke Tobias Esser niklas Joisten Alexander Schenk Sebastian Proschinger Philipp Zimmer Division of Performance and Health(Sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund UniversityDortmund 44227Germany

Background:B cells represent a crucial component of adaptive immunity that ensures long-term protection from infection by generating pathogen-specific *** alters B cell counts and immunoglobulin levels,but evidence-based conclusions on potential benefits for adaptive immunity are *** systematic review assessed current literatures on the impact of acute exercise and exercise training on B cells,immunoglobulins,and markers of secretory immunity in human ***:According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and Embase were searched on March 8,***-randomized controlled trials and crossover trials investigating the impact of acute exercise or exercise training on B cell counts and proportions,immunoglobulin levels,salivary flow rate,or secretory immunoglobulin A secretion rate were *** and reporting of exercise training studies were assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in *** characteristics,outcome measures,and statistically significant changes were summarized ***:Of the 67 eligible studies,22 applied acute exercise and 45 applied exercise *** included outcomes revealed significant alterations over time in acute exercise and exercise training context,but only a few investigations showed significant differences compared to control *** and plasma immunoglobulin A levels were most consistently increased in response to exercise ***:B cell-related outcomes are altered by acute exercise and exercise training,but evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn with high confidence due to the large heterogeneity in populations and exercise ***-designed trials with large sample sizes are needed to clarify how exercise shapes B cell-related immunity.

关键词： Antibody B-lymphocyte Exercise Humoral immunity Immune system

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Propofol sedation in routine endoscopy:A case series comparing target controlled infusion vs manually controlled bolus concept

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期16卷 11-17页

作者： Riad Sarraj Lorenz Theiler Nima Vakilzadeh niklas Krupka Reiner Wiest Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine Inselspital University HospitalBern 3010Switzerland Clinic for Anesthesia PerioperativeEmergency&Intensive Care MedicineKantonsspital AarauAarau 5001Switzerland Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University Hospital LausanneLausanne 1011Switzerland

BACKGROUND Many studies have addressed safety and effectiveness of non-anaesthesiologist propofol sedation(NAPS)for gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy Target controlled infusion(TCI)is claimed to provide an optimal sedation regimen by avoiding under-or *** To assess safety and performance of propofol TCI sedation in comparison with nurse-administered *** Fouty-five patients undergoing endoscopy under TCI propofol sedation were prospectively included from November 2016 to May 2017 and compared to 87 patients retrospectively included that underwent endoscopy with *** were matched for age and endoscopic *** recorded time of sedation and endoscopy,dosage of medication and adverse *** There was a significant reduction in dose per time of propofol administered in the TCI group,compared to the NAPS group(8.2±2.7 mg/min vs 9.3±3.4 mg/min;P=0.046).The time needed to provide adequate sedation levels was slightly but significantly lower in the control group(5.3±2.7 min vs 7.7±3.3 min;P<0.001),nonetheless the total endoscopy time was similar in both *** differences between TCI and bolus-sedation was observed for mean total-dosage of propofol rate as well as adverse *** This study indicates that sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy reduces the dose of propofol necessary per minute of *** may translate into less adverse ***,further and randomized trials need to confirm this trend.

关键词： Sedation Endoscopy Propofol Target controlled infusion Non-anaesthesiologist propofol sedation Adverse event

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Effects of age on marathon finishing time among male amateur runners in Stockholm Marathon 1979–2014

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 349-354页

作者： niklas Lehto Department of Health Sciences Luled University of Technology

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age-related changes in the endurance performance among male amateur marathon ***: Subjects were taken from the 36 Stockholm Marathons held from 1979 through 2014, and age and finishing time were analyzed for a total of 312,342 male ***: The relation was found to be a second-order polynomial, t = a + bx + cx^2, which models 99.7% of the variation in the average running time t as a function of age x. The model shows that the marathon performance of the average runner improves up to age 34.3 ± 2.6 years, thereafter,the performance starts to decline. A quantification of the age's influence on running time shows that it accounts for 4.5% of the total variance seen in the performance ***: These outcomes indicate that the effect of age on performance in endurance running events is clearly measurable, quantifiable, and possible to describe. At the same time the findings indicate that other factors, such as training, affect the performance more. A comparison with the elite showed peak performance at the same age, but the rates of change in performance with age, improvement as well as degradation, was found to be higher among the elite.

关键词： Aerobic exercise Health Non-elite Recreational runner Regression modeling Running

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Application of CRISPR/Cas-mediated base editing for directed protein evolution in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 613-616页

作者： niklas Capdeville Patrick Schindele Holger Puchta Botanical Institute Molecular Biology and BiochemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Breeding for improved cultivars of existing crops depends mainly on the available amount of genetic variability in yield or quality related *** thousands of years,humans have relied on naturally occurring mutations to recombine and select improved *** chemical or physical mutagens,the amount and range of mutations could be increased,accelerating the development of new ***,naturally occurring or randomly induced mutations lead to unpredictable breeding outcomes and therefore necessitate tedious rounds of backcrossing to eventually produce useful phenotypes(Pacher and Puchta,2017).

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

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Transformation of the TiNi Alloy Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties Caused by Repeated B2-B190' Martensitic Transformations

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第10期28卷 1230-1237页

作者： Anna Churakova Dmitry Gunderov Alexander Lukyanov niklas Nollmann Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics RAS Ufa State Aviation Technical University Institute of Materials Physics University of Münster

The influences of thermal cycling treatment in the temperature range of B2-B19 martensitic transformations（-150 to 150 °C） on the Ti Ni alloy structure and properties were studied. Different states named the initial coarse-grained（CG） state, the ultrafine-grained（UFG） state after ECAP（with a grain size of 200 nm）, the state after ECAP and cold upsetting by 30% were considered. The results show that the microhardness and the strength increase in all the three *** to the XRD analysis, a more significant increment in the dislocation density, resulting from thermal cycling, is observed in the UFG alloy than in the CG alloy.

关键词： Thermal cycling TiNi alloy Equal-channel angular pressing Martensitic transformation

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社会系统背景中的政治宪法

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厦门大学法律评论 2024年第1期1卷 167-195页

作者：尼克拉斯·卢曼李忠夏中国人民大学法学院

传统宪法产生于国家与市民社会二分的历史情境中，宪法的功能和制度设计都是围绕这一二分的前提来展开。权力分立原则和基本权利保障都旨在防范国家公权力，保障市民社会。但为了适应社会复杂性的不断提升，现实中已经产生出超越宪法文... 详细信息

传统宪法产生于国家与市民社会二分的历史情境中，宪法的功能和制度设计都是围绕这一二分的前提来展开。权力分立原则和基本权利保障都旨在防范国家公权力，保障市民社会。但为了适应社会复杂性的不断提升，现实中已经产生出超越宪法文本的宪法视角改变，如在政治系统当中出现的政与治的内在区分等。已经改变了的社会现实，需要超越现有的以国家与社会二分为前提的简化版的宪法理论，而拥抱一种复杂的全社会的理论。宪法理论需要呼应全社会的功能分化，并重述全社会相容性的结构条件。反思应取代代表制成为宪法理论的核心范畴，并在此基础上对法治国原则进行重述。

关键词：政治宪法社会系统论反思法治国市民社会

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