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Environmental management system and community＇s spillover behavior

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2009年第9期3卷 58-66页

作者： nik ramli nik abd rashid Kamsol Mohamed Kassim Kamaruzaman Jusoff Faculty of Business and Management University Teknologi Mara Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia Faculty of Forestry University Putra Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to explore how business organizations could effectively promote positive environmental norms among a larger section of the community. This study hypothesized that the development of a feeling of high involvement among employees of organizations implementing the Environmental Management System （EMS） could result in the spillover phenomena of other environmentally responsible behavior in different domains such as, consumer preferences for environment-friendly products. The study also confirms the effects of environmental attitude （EA） and concrete knowledge （CK） as a mediator; acting not only as an axis to the spillover phenomenon but is also found to be the crucial factor in determining the strength of the whole spillover process.

关键词： spillover behavior community environmental attitude concrete knowledge environmental management system

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Household Income and Expenditure Relationships： A Simultaneous Equation Approach

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第6期10卷 395-405页

作者： nik Hashim nik Mustapha Noorhaslinda Kulub abd. rashid Aslina Nasir University of Malaysia Terengganu （UMT） Kuala Terengganu Malaysia

Income and expenditure are highlighted in this study as they currently affect the quality of life of the Malaysian society. In the Ninth Malaysia Plan （2006-2010） poverty eradication was emphasized as one of the socio-economic targets to uplift those poor households from the fast moving modern sectors of the economy. The primary objective of this paper is therefore to identify income and expenditure relationships among the households of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the current economic downturn. Attempts to analyze household consumption as a share of total income and to identify factors contributing to household income and expenditure have become a topic of interest in literature. A substantial portion of household income devoted to productive loans characterizes the majority of Malaysians as the economy progresses to a more advance stage. A significant and strong relationship between income and types of household expenditure is explored from the socio-economic perspectives. Using primary data a system of simultaneous equations, namely the two stage least squares （2SLS） was applied. This paper identifies crucial variables associated with the income and expenditure. Some of these variables showing high correlation with the total expenditure are the housing loan, automobile loan and educational expenditure.

关键词： expenditure income simultaneous two-stage equation method

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甲状旁腺机能低下和肾功能衰竭晚期并发弥漫性结膜钙质沉着征(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2008年第1期8卷 23-25页

作者： Norlaili Mustafa Rohana abd rashid nik Azlan nik Zaid Zunaina Embong Shatriah Ibrahim 马来西亚理科大学医学院眼科马来西亚Raja Perempuan Zainab Ⅱ医院眼科门诊

目的:报告1例甲状旁腺机能低下和肾功能衰竭晚期并发弥漫性结膜钙质沉着征患者。方法:病例报告。结果:患者,男,35岁,因为双眼异物感,伴发红、流泪1mo就诊。患者患有甲状旁腺机能低下征和肾功能衰竭晚期,既往做过甲状旁腺次全切除术。查... 详细信息

目的:报告1例甲状旁腺机能低下和肾功能衰竭晚期并发弥漫性结膜钙质沉着征患者。方法:病例报告。结果:患者,男,35岁,因为双眼异物感,伴发红、流泪1mo就诊。患者患有甲状旁腺机能低下征和肾功能衰竭晚期,既往做过甲状旁腺次全切除术。查:双眼视力1. 0,结膜弥漫性沉着物和充血,结膜组织病理学检查报告,结膜基质层下有较多钙质沉着,血清钙明显高于正常,血清磷正常。通过局部用类固醇激素(倍他米松)和肌肉降钙素后,患者眼部症状明显减轻。结论:弥漫性症状性结膜钙质沉着是一种罕见的眼部钙质沉着征,甲状旁腺机能低下和肾功能衰竭是引发的因素。

关键词：结膜钙质沉着征肾功能衰竭甲状旁腺机能低下

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Effect of hand hygiene intervention on the absenteeism of pre-school children in Klang Valley,Malaysia:a quasi-experimental study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 416-421页

作者： Nurul Azmawati Mohamed Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin Zarini Ismail Shalinawati ramli Habibah Faroque Farisha Nur abd Samad abdul rashid Ariffien Aisyah Ar Redha Che Amir FaridIlina Isahak Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaPandan Indah55100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia

Background Absenteeism amongst pre-school children is often due to illnesses such as hand,foot,and mouth disease,acute gastroenteritis,cold and flu,which are easily spread amongst *** is because of weak immunity and lack of knowledge on proper hand *** quasi-experimental study assessed the efficacy of an intervention consisting of a hand hygiene education programme,along with digital tools in bringing about a change in behaviour and health conditions amongst pre-school children in Klang Valley,*** A total of 377 school children,male and female,aged 5–6 years old,participated and were assigned to either the intervention or a control *** the 2 months intervention period,children in the test group were trained on proper hand hygiene practices and techniques with the aid of the interactive android-based *** numbers of absent days of all the children were recorded for 2 months before the intervention and during the *** In the test group,there was a 25%increase in the total number of absent days from the pre-intervention period to the intervention period,a much lesser increment observed as compared to that of control group in which the increase was much higher at 89%.Results showed a significant difference(P<0·05)between the absenteeism rates for the test and control group during the intervention *** These results suggest that proper education and intervention increase hand hygiene compliance,which may help decrease school absenteeism due to illness;however,a longer study duration may be necessary to evaluate the benefit further.

关键词： Absenteeism Hand hygiene Povidone-iodine Pre-school children

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Attitude, Perception and Use of E-Learning at Open University Malaysia

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开放教育研究 2006年第6期12卷 62-68页

作者： Latifah abdol Latif ramli Bahroom Mansor Fadzil Noor Azina Ismail Open University Malaysia Malaysia

To ensure the success of the e-learning initiatives,OUM has developed its own e-learning management system,known as *** its introduction,many modifications and improvements have been introduced to increase its *** is now timely that OUM take stock of its students'attitudes towards ***,a survey was conducted on about 1,000 students at one of OUM's own learning centres,that is,the Kelantan Regional *** study indicated that generally the teacher cohort had a somewhat neutral attitude towards *** use of e-learning was more specifically aimed at achieving short term goals of obtaining good coursework and examination grades by capitalizing on the use of the Discussion Board and Courseware.A closer examination reveals that the females prefer the Discussion Board while the males prefer the *** in the Engineering and English programmes had more positive attitudes towards e-learning compared to learners in the Mathematics and Science programme. Learners with CGPA＞3.0 who are categorized as high achievers are more positive towards e-learning as compared to the low achievers(CGPA＜3.0).Age difference,learners‘income per month,learners’Internet and e-learning habits were also found to be predictors of attitude towards e-learning.

关键词： open university E-learning survey

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