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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct sosthene Musigwa natalie K.Morgan Aaron j.Cowieson Amy F.Moss UsDA-ARs Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DsM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in *** 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of *** treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main *** 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live ***20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 *** indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(Pj/***,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental *** offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other *** supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented ***-dAA increased(Pse supplementation increased(Pspiratory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

Electroacupuncture alleviates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity through an opioid system in rats

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第48期18卷 7201-7211页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Zhou natalie j Wanner Ying Xiao Xuan-Zheng shi Xing-Hong jiang jian-Guo Gu Guang-Yin Xu Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Pain Research and Therapy Soochow Uni-versity Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu Province China Divisionof Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555-0655United States Department of Anesthesiology and the GraduateProgram in Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College ofMedicine Cincinnati OH 45267-0531 United States

AIM:To investigate whether stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity could be alleviated by electroacupuncture(EA) and whether EA effect was mediated by endogenous ***:six to nine week-old male spragueDawley rats were used in this *** hypersensitivity was induced by a 9-d heterotypic intermittent stress(HIs) protocol composed of 3 randomly stressors,which included cold restraint stress at 4?℃ for 45 min,water avoidance stress for 60 min,and forced swimming stress for 20 min,in adult male *** extent of visceral hypersensitivity was quantified by electromyography or by abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) scores of colorectal distension at different distention pressures(20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg).AWR scores either 0,1,2,3 or 4 were obtained by a blinded *** or sham EA was performed at classical acupoint sT-36(Zu-san-Li) or BL-43(Gao-Huang) in both hindlimbs of rats for 30 ***(NLX) or NLX methiodide(m-NLX) was administered intraperitoneally to HIs rats in some ***:HIs rats displayed an increased sensitivity to colorectal distention,which started from 6 h(the first measurement),maintained for 24 h,and AWR scores returned to basal levels at 48 h and 7 d after HIs compared to pre-HIs baseline at different distention *** AWR scores before HIs were 0.6 ± 0.2,1.3 ± 0.2,1.9 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 0.2 for 20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg distention pressures,*** hours after termination of the last stressor,the AWR scores were 2.0 ± 0.1,2.5 ± 0.1,2.8 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.2 for 20 mmHg,40 mmHg,60 mmHg and 80 mmHg distention pressures,*** given at classical acupoint sT-36 in both hindlimbs for 30 min significantly attenuated the hypersensitive responses to colorectal distention in HIs rats compared with sham EA treatment [AWRs at 20 mmHg:2.0 ± 0.2 vs 0.7 ± 0.1,P = 4.23 711 E-4;AWRs at 40 mmHg:2.6 ± 0.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.2,P = 0.00 163;AWRs at 60 mmHg:3.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.9 ± 0.1,P = 0.003;AWRs at 80

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Visceral pain Electroacupuncture Opioid pathway stress

Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny j.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW Patricia A.FLEMING natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem science and sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

The Evolving Role of Botanical Gardens and Natural Areas:A Floristic Case study from Royal Botanical Gardens,Canada

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 123-131页

作者： David A.GALBRAITH natalie E.IWANYCKI Brechann V.McGOEY jamie McGREGOR james s.PRINGLE Carl j.ROTHFELs Tyler W.sMITH Royal Botanical Gardens BurlingtonON University of Guelph GuelphON Duke University DurhamNC Eastern Kentucky University RichmondKY

As leaders calling for the conservation of the world's plants,botanical gardens protect plants within living *** also study,manage and restore plants in natural *** Botanical Gardens(Ontario,Canada) has integrated both horticultural and natural heritage in its mission for *** by municipal leaders in the 1920s as a combination of nature sanctuaries and civic gardens,RBG now includes forests,wetlands and other habitats,gardens and built *** RBG is Canada's largest botanical garden on the basis of *** the 1950s RBG began to inventory plant *** checklist of spontaneous vascular plants now exceeds 1 170 species,of which 752 are *** is 37% of Ontario's native vascular plants and 19% of the native vascular flora of *** RBG nature sanctuaries are among the richest locations in Canada for species-level *** examine the history of floristic exploration within RBG and compare plant species-area relationships among protected natural areas in *** comparison supports the contention that the nature sanctuaries,and in particular Cootes Paradise,could be considered an important area for plants in Canada,and relative to the nation's flora,a biodiversity *** fact that a candidate vascular plant hotspot for Canada lies within a major botanical garden presents opportunities for raising public awareness of the importance of plant diversity,as well as focusing attention on the scientific and conservation biology needs of communities and individual species in this area.

关键词： Botanical garden Ontario Natural areas Biodiversity species-area curve species richness

Chemical Hide and seek: Nematode’s journey to Its Plant Host

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 541-543页

作者： natalie Hamada Henok Zemene Yimer Valerie M.Williamson shahid siddique Department of Entomology&Nematology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens,causing estimated damage of more than Us$100 billion per *** expert-based assessment of crop health listed nematodes as among the most damaging pests and pathogens in potato,soybean,and wheat crops(savary et al.,2019).Most damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasitic nematodes including cyst nematodes and rootknot nematodes(RKNs).second-stage juveniles(j2s)of plantparasitic nematodes hatch from eggs into the soil and localize to the roots of host *** success of these non-feeding j2s depends on their ability to locate and infect a suitable *** attraction of plant-parasitic nematodes to the host root has been a subject of study for the past 80 years following the pioneering research that demonstrated the attraction of RKN specifically toward root tips(Lindford,1939).Both volatile and soluble components in the rhizosphere have been shown to influence nematode movement.

关键词： soybean crops soil

EGFR signaling promotes resistance to CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib in triple negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 980-991页

作者： Kevin j.Lee Griffin Wright Hannah Bryant Leigh Ann Wiggins Michele schuler natalie R.Gassman Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of South Alabama College of MedicineMobileAL 36688USA Mitchell Cancer Institute University of South AlabamaMobileAL 36604USA Department of Comparative Medicine University of South Alabama College of MedicineMobileAL 36688USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of South Alabama College of MedicineMobileAL 36688USA

Aim:Innate resistance to the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib has been described,but resistance mechanisms are not *** aimed to determine the role epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)plays in innate resistance to prexasertib in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods:Using a panel of pre-clinical TNBC cell lines,we measured the sensitivity to *** examined the effect activation of EGFR had on prexasertib *** measured the synergy of dual blockade of EGFR with erlotinib and CHK1 with prexasertib in TNBC cell lines and ***:EGFR overexpression and activation increased resistance to CHK1 inhibition by *** promoted the phosphorylation of BCL2-associated agonist of cell death(BAD),inactivating its pro-apoptotic *** of EGFR reversed BAD phosphorylation,increasing sensitivity to ***:The use of prexasertib as a monotherapy in TNBC has been limited due to modest clinical *** demonstrated that EGFR activation contributes to innate resistance to prexasertib in TNBC and potentially other *** expression status should be considered in clinical trials examining prexasertib’s use as a monotherapy or combination therapy.

关键词： Triple negative breast cancer CHK1 replication apoptosis drug resistance epidermal growth factor receptor mitogenic signaling

Burden of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy:first estimates and research priorities

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1064-1075页

作者： natalie V.s.Vinkeles Melchers sarah Mollenkopf Robert Colebunders Michael Edlinger Luc E.Coffeng julia Irani Tresor Zola joseph N.siewe sake jde Vlas Andrea s.Winkler Wilma A.stolk Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamP.O.box 20403000CARotterdamThe Netherlands Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington23015th AvenueSuite 600SeattleWA 98121USA Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Medical statistics Informaticsand Health EconomicsMedical University InnsbruckViennaAustria Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpNationalestraat 1552000 AntwerpBelgium Department of Tropical Medicine University of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Centre for Global Health Institute for Health and SocietyOsloNorway Center for Global Health Department of NeurologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany

Background:since the 1990s,evidence has accumulated of an increased prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasisendemic areas in Africa as compared to onchocerciasis-free *** the causal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy has yet to be proven,there is likely an *** we discuss the need for disease burden estimates of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE),provide them,detail how such estimates should be refined,and discuss the socioeconomic impact of OAE,including a cost-estimate for anti-epileptic *** body:Providing OAE burden estimates may aid prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas by inciting and informing collaboration between onchocerciasis control programmes and mental health *** not only massively impacts the health of those affected,but it also carries a high socioeconomic burden for the households and communities *** used previously published geospatial estimates of onchocerciasis in Africa and a separately published logistic regression model quantifying the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy to estimate the number of OAE *** then applied disability weights for epilepsy to quantify the burden in terms of years of life lived with disability(YLD)and estimate the cost of *** estimate that in 2015 roughly 117000 people were affected by OAE across onchocerciasis-endemic areas previously under the African Programme for Onchocerciases control(APOC)mandate where OAE has ever been reported or suspected,and another 264000 persons in onchocerciasis-endemic areas where OAE has never been investigated *** total number of YLDs due to OAE was 39300 and 88700 in these areas respectively,based on a weighted mean disability weight of *** burden of OAE is approximately 13%of the total YLDs attributable to onchocerciasis and 10%of total YLDs attributable to *** estimated that by 2015 the total costs of treatment with antiepileptic drug for OAE cases wou

关键词： River blindness Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Burden estimates Years of life lived with disability Review Research priorities Prevalence Disability weight Case definition

Method for hull-less barley transformation and manipulation of grain mixed-linkage beta-glucan

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第5期60卷 382-396页

作者： Wai Li Lim Helen M. Collins Rohan R. singh natalie A. j. Kibble Kuok Yap jillian Taylor Geoffrey B. Fincher Rachel A. Burton ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SouthAustralia 5064 Australia Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland，4072，Australia

Hull-less barley is increasingly offering scope for breeding grains with improved characteristics for human nutrition; however, recalcitrance of hull-less cultivars to transformation has limited the use of these varieties. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop an effective transformation system for hull-less barley using the cultivar Torrens. Torrens yielded a transformation efficiency of 1.8%, using a modified Agrobacterium transformation method. This method was used to over-express genes encoding synthases for the important dietary fiber component, 0,3;1,4）-β-glucan （mixed-linkage glucan）, primarily present in starchy endosperm cell walls. Over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, driven by an endosperm-specific promoter, produced lines where mixed-linkage glucan content increased on average by 45%, peaking at 70% in some lines, with smaller increases in transgenic HvCsIH1 grain. Transgenic HvCslF6 lines displayed alterations where grain had a darker color, were more easily crushed than wild type and were smaller. This was associated with an enlarged cavity in the central endosperm and changes in cell morphology, including aleurone and sub-aleurone cells. This work provides proof-of-concept evidence that mixed-linkage glucan content in hull-less barley grain can be increased by over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, but also indicates that hull-less cultivars may be more sensitive to attempts to modify cell wall composition.

关键词： Tobias I. Baskin University of Massachusetts UsA

Familial Alzheimer's disease modelling using induced pluripotent stem cell technology

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World journal of stem Cells 2014年第2期6卷 239-247页

作者： Lisa Mohamet natalie j Miazga Christopher M Ward stem Cell Biology Group Core Technology FacilityFaculty of Human and Medical SciencesThe University of Manchester

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit gradual loss of memory that impairs their ability to learn or carry out daily *** of AD is difficult,particularly in early stages of the disease,and largely consists of cognitive assessments,with only one in four patients being correctly *** of novel therapeutics for the treatment of AD has proved to be a lengthy,costly and relatively unproductive process with attrition rates of>90%.As a result,there are no cures for AD and few treatment options available for ***,there is a pressing need for drug discovery platforms that can accurately and reproducibly mimic the AD phenotype and be amenable to high content screening ***,we discuss the use of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPsCs),which can be derived from adult cells,as a method of recapitulation of AD phenotype in *** assess their potential use in high content screening assays and the barriers that exist to realising their full potential in predictive efficacy,toxicology and disease *** present,a number of limitations need to be addressed before the use of iPsC technology can be fully realised in AD therapeutic ***,whilst the use of AD-derived iPsCs in drug discovery remains a fledgling field,it is one with immense potential that is likely to reach fruition within the next few years.

关键词： Human induced pluripotent stem cells Alzheimer’ s disease Neurodegenerative diseases High-throughput screening assays Cholinergic neurons Drug discovery stratified medicine