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Predicting herbicides concentrations in paddy water and runoff to the river basin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第4期17卷 631-636页

作者： PARVEEN Sultana KOHGUCHI Testuyuki BISWAS Moloy nakagoshi nobukazu Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation(IDEC) Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-5-1 Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529JapanHiroshima Prefecture Agriculture Research CenterHaraHachihonmatuHigashi Hiroshima 739-0151 JapanGraduate School for International Development and Cooperation(IDEC) Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-5-1 Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529JapanDepartment of Environmental Studies IDECHiroshima UniversityHigashi HiroshimaJapan 739-8529

This study was conducted to investigate the dissipation pattern and runoff of herbicides to the river basin from the paddy fields. Pesticide paddy field model(PADDY) was applied to predict herbicide concentration in paddy fields. A field study was conducted in a paddy farm of Higashi Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan in the year of 2003 paddy season. The herbicides were mefenacet, thiobencarb, and bensulfuron methyl. The sample water was analyzed by using gas chromatography and HPLC after solid phase extraction. Predicted dissipation rate of thiobencarb in paddy water was higher(DT_ 50 = 4 36) than that measured, with a lower k value(-0 069). Two weeks after application no thiobencarb was detected in the drainage channel and down stream. In the down stream, thiobencarb was detected until 3 d after application, with a range of 0 02% to 0 08% of applied herbicide. The predicted dissipation rate(k) and half-life(DT_ 50 ) of mefenacet was not significantly different from that of measured. In the drainage channel, upstream and downstream mefenacet was found during the whole study period. In downstream, the maximum concentration of mefenacet was present 0 61% of applied in the paddy field on 3DAH. The dissipation rate(k) of BSM varied from -0 0860 to -0 1059 to with half-life(DT_ 50 ) 3 5 and 2 84 d. In upstream water, no BSM was detected except trace amounts(0 01 μg/L) at 3 d after application. However, in the drainage channel 8%, 6% and 1 58% of applied BSM was present at 0, 1 and 3 d after application respectively. In the down stream, the highest concentration was 1 06%, shortly after application.

关键词： paddy field pesticide paddy field model(PADDY) herbicide dissipation runoff

The impact of urban planning on land use and land cover in Pudong of Shanghai, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 205-214页

作者： nobukazu nakagoshi CHEN Jia-kuan KONG Ling-yi Graduated School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan UniversitySchool of Environmental Engineering Tongji University Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739—8529 JapanShanghai 200433 China Shanghai 200092 China

Functional zones in cities constitute the most conspicuous components of newly developed urban areas, and have been a hot spot for domestic and foreign investors in China, which not only show the expanse of urban space accompanied by the shifts both in landscape (from rural to urban) and land use(from less extensive to extensive), but also display the transformation of regional ecological functions. By using the theories and methods of landscape ecology, the structure of landscapes and landscape ecological planning can be analyzed and evaluated for studying the urban functional zones' layout. In 1990, the Central Government of China declared to develop and open up Pudong New Area so as to promote economic development in Shanghai. Benefited from the advantages of Shanghai's location and economy, the government of Pudong New Area has successively built up 7 different functional zones over the past decade according to their functions and strategic goals. Based on the multi-spectral satellite imageries taken in 1990, 1997 and 2000, a landscape ecology analysis was carried out for Pudong New Area of Shanghai, supported by GIS technology. Green space (including croplands) and built-up areas are the major factors considered in developing urban landscape. This paper was mainly concerned with the different spatial patterns and dynamics of green space, built-up areas and new buildings in different functional zones, as influenced by different functional layouts and development strategies. The rapid urbanization in Pudong New Area resulted in a more homogeneous landscape. Agricultural landscape and suburban landscape were gradually replaced by urban landscape as the degree of urbanization increased. As a consequence of urbanization in Pudong, not only built-up patches, but also newly-built patches and green patches merged into one large patch, which should be attributed to the construction policy of extensive green space as the urban development process in Pudong New Area. The

关键词： functional zone landscape ecology Pudong urbanization

IMPACT EVALUATION OF HAIZUKA DAM ON ITS UP STREAM A CASE STUDY IN HIROSHIMA PREFECTURE, JAPAN

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Chinese Geographical Science 2004年第4期14卷 350-354页

作者： Forood AZARI DEHKORDI nobukazu nakagoshi Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityHigashi Hiroshima 739-8529 JapanGraduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityHigashi Hiroshima 739-8529 Japan

Japan ranks fifth in the world for the number of large dams. Environmental impacts of large dams are known, such as enormous losses of water or disruption of fish spawning, however, impacts of the dams on their up streams are functions of topography of the up stream. Haizuka Dam is located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan and its implementation will start in 2006. This large dam influences its up stream through dam making activities, which occurs in order and with different spatial presences that were categorized into chronological and spatial impacts. In this case study, spatial impacts were further divided into horizontal and vertical ones. The horizontal impacts were identified as new roads, diversion tunnel, dam lake, and submerged cultivated land, while vertical impacts were recognized as submerged historical monuments, slope protections, dam body, and deforested area in the reservoir. There were convergences of spatial and temporal impacts, however, the extent of the impacts was limited to the lake boundary.

关键词：大坝挤压水流上升 Haizuka 日本环境影响评价

EFFECTS OF SEASONALITY ON STREAMFLOW AND WATER QUALITY OF THE PINANG RIVER IN PENANG ISLAND,MALAYSIA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2004年第2期14卷 153-161页

作者： Ahmad Jailani Muhamed YUNUS nobukazu nakagoshi Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University. 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima City. 739-8529 JapanGraduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University. 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima City. 739-8529 Japan

For the Pinang River, originating in the western highlands of Penang Island, the nature, sources and extent of pollution were studied. The river water samples collected at five selected sites were analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters, namely temperature, DO, BOD, COD, SS, pH, ammoniac nitrogen (AN), and conductance. Long-term data of rainfall and temperature were analyzed to determine the seasonal variations of the *** streamflow during the dry season is extremely Iow compared to the wet season, thus concentrations of contaminants derived from point pollution source increase due to lack of rainfall and runoff events. On the contrary, in the predominantly urban and agricultural catchments, non-point pollution source increases during rainy season through seepage and runoff. Effects of seasonal variations consequently determine the quantity and quality of the water *** Jelutong River, the Dondang River and the Air Itam River carry the seepage from widely urban and residential arcas to the main Pinang River systems. Water quality of the Pinang River at different points assessed by the water quality indices was compared. According to the quality indices during the study period, water quality in the upper reaches of the river is medium to good. It dwindled in the plains, due to the seepage from urban areas and discharges from the industrial and agricultural lands.

关键词：槟榔屿水文地理学季节性波动水质指数分水岭

SEFIDROOD RIVER SUB-WATERSHED-DAM-ESTUARY AND DEGRADATION MODEL:A HOLISTIC APPROACH IN IRAN

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Chinese Geographical Science 2003年第4期13卷 328-333页

作者： Forood AZARI DEHKORDI Majid F MAKHDOUM nobukazu nakagoshi Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima739-8529JapanGraduate School for International Development and CooperationHiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima739-8529JapanGraduate School for International Development and CooperationHiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima739-8529Japan

The major concern of this article is to address the shortcoming and outgoing effects of the human activities on the landscape patterns and their consequences in the Sefidrood River watershed in Iran. A flow of data includes three inputs; each of them belongs to one part of three zones of a fluvial system. The three parts of the Sefidrood River fluvial system include Zone 1,a sub-watershed as degradation modeling site,Zone 2,Sefidrood Dam as dam site,and Zone 3,17km away from the Sefidrood River path to the Caspian Sea as ending point site. The degradation model in the Zone 1 provides a suitable mean for decision support system to decrease the human impacts on each small district. The maximum number for degradation coefficient belongs to the small district with the highest physiographic density,relatively cumulative activities,and a lower figure for the habitat vulnerability. The human degradation impact were not limited to the upstream. The investigation to the Sefidrood Dam and ending point of the Sefidrood River depicts that sedimentation continues as a significant visual impact in the Sefidrood Dam reservoir and the estuary.

关键词：伊朗河流系统环境退化模型 SEFIDROOD水坝 SEFIDROOD河口环境地形学

The effects of drainage basin geomorphometry on minimum low flow discharge: the study of small watershed in Kelang River Valley in Peninsular Malaysia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 249-262页

作者： Ahmad Jailani Muhamed Yunus nobukazu nakagoshi Khairulmaini Osman Salleh Graduate School for International Development Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityGraduate School for International Development Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityFaculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8529 Japan1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-8529 Japan50603 Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

This study investigate the relationships between geomorphometric properties and the minimum low flow discharge of undisturbed drainage basins in the Taman Bukit Cahaya Seri Alam Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. The drainage basins selected were third-order basins so as to facilitate a common base for sampling and performing an unbiased statistical analyses. Three levels of relationships were observed in the study. Significant relationships existed between the geomorphometric properties as shown by the correlation network analysis; secondly, individual geomorphometric properties were observed to influence minimum flow discharge; and finally, the multiple regression model set up showed that minimum flow discharge(Q min) was dependent of basin area(AU), stream length(LS), maximum relief(Hmax), average relief(HAV) and stream frequency(SF). These findings further enforced other studies of this nature that drainage basins were dynamic and functional entities whose operations were governed by complex interrelationships occurring within the basins. Changes to any of the geomorphometric properties would influence their role as basin regulators thus influencing a change in basin response. In the case of the basin's minimum low flow, a change in any of the properties considered in the regression model influenced the “time to peak' of flow. A shorter time period would mean higher discharge, which is generally considered the prerequisite to flooding. This research also conclude that the role of geomorphometric properties to control the water supply within the stream through out the year even though during the drought and less precipitations months. Drainage basins are sensitive entities and any deteriorations involve will generate reciprocals and response to the water supply as well as the habitat within the areas.

关键词： geomorphometric minimum low flow discharge regression model third-order drainage basins

Landscape ecological characteristics in temporal changes of riverside open space in urbanized area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第2期11卷 28-32页

作者： Shigeru TANIMOTO nobukazu nakagoshi Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima UniversityKagamiyamaHigashi Hiroshima 7398529Japan.

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｉｎＪａｐａｎ，ｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｓｐａｃｅｉｎｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｓｉｓｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｒｉｖｅｒｐａｒｋｓ，ｒｉｖｅｒｏｐｅｎｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｎａｔｕｒｅｏｒｉｅｎ... 详细信息

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｉｎＪａｐａｎ，ｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｓｐａｃｅｉｎｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｓｉｓｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｒｉｖｅｒｐａｒｋｓ，ｒｉｖｅｒｏｐｅｎｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｎａｔｕｒｅｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｂａｎｋ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎ...

关键词： human disturbance landscape index park planning riparian vegetation urbanization park planning, riparian vegetation, urbanization.

Impact of Land Use Change on Groundwater Recharge in Guishui River Basin,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第6期21卷 734-743页

作者： PAN Yun GONG Huili ZHOU Demin LI Xiaojuan nakagoshi nobukazu Base of the State Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Modeling Capital Normal University Beijing 100048Chind Beijing Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529 Japan）

It is important to understand how land use change impacts groundwater recharge,especially for regions that are undergoing rapid urbanization and there is limited surface *** this study,the hydrological processes and re-charge ability of various land use types in Guishui River Basin,China(in Beijing Municipality) were *** impact of land use change was investigated based on water balance modeling,WetSpass and *** results indicate that groundwater recharge accounts for only 21.16% of the precipitation,while 72.54% is lost in the form of *** annual-lumped groundwater recharge rate decreases in the order of cropland,grassland,urban land,and *** use change has resulted in a decrease of 4 × 106 m3 of yearly groundwater recharge in the study area,with a spatially averaged rate of 100.48 mm/yr and 98.41 mm/yr in 1980 and 2005,*** variation has primarily come from an increase of urban area and rural settlements,as well as a decrease of cropland.

关键词：土地利用变化地下水补给流域中国土地利用类型快速城市化地下水回灌区域地下水

SPATIAL GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPE METRICS IN JINAN CITY OF CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第3期15卷 254-261页

作者： KONG Fan-hua nobukazu nakagoshi YIN Hai-wei Akira KIKUCHI Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529 Japan Department of Urban and Resources Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China

Urban green spaces have been arisen growing concern responded to the social and environmental costs of urban sprawl. A wide range of planning and policies has been and/or will be designed to protect urban green spaces and optimize their spatial pattern. A better design or planning of urban green space can make a major contribution to quality of environment and urban life, and furthermore can decide whether we can have a sustainable development in the urban area. Information about the status quo of urban green spaces can help planners design more effectively. However, how to quantify and capture such information will be the essential question we face. In this paper, to quantify the urban green space, a new method comprising gradient analysis, landscape metrics and GIS was developed through a case of Jinan City. The results demonstrate: 1) the gradient analysis is a valid and reliable instrument to quantify the urban green space spatial pattern precisely; 2) using moving window, explicit landscape metrics were spatially realized. Compared with quantifying metrics in the entire landscape, it would be better to link pattern with process and establish an important basis for analyzing the ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.

关键词：山东济南市城市绿化建设生态环境空间梯度 GIS系统生态建设地理信息系统