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Artificial intelligence for characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps:A feasibility study comparing two computer-aided diagnosis systems

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期5卷 11-22页

作者： Quirine Eunice Wennie van der Zander Ramon M Schreuder Ayla Thijssen Carolus H J Kusters nikoo Dehghani Thom Scheeve Bjorn Winkens Mirjam C M van der Ende-van Loon Peter H n de With Fons van der Sommen Ad A M Masclee Erik J Schoon Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht 6202 AZNetherlands GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Catharina Hospital EindhovenEindhoven 5602 ZANetherlands Department of Electrical En.ineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBNetherlands Department of Methodology and Statistics Maastricht UniversityPostbus 6166200 MD MaastrichtNetherlands School for Public Health and Primary Care Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands

BACKGROUnD Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal *** To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Polyps(AI4CRP)for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYE^(TM)(Fujifilm,Tokyo,Japan).CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also *** AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by *** CADxsystems exploit convolutional neural *** polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold ***4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presen.ing a calibrated confidence characterization value(range 0.0-1.0).A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with valuesndicating benign and values≥0.6 indicating premalignant colorectal *** confidence characterizations were defined as values 40%around the cut-off value of 0.6(nd>0.76).Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence *** AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal ***-critical AI4CRP,excluding 14 low confidence characterizations[27.5%(14/51)],had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%,sensitivity of 89.7%,and specificity of 87.5%,which was higher compared to *** EYE had a 83.7%diagnostic accuracy,74.2%sensitivity,and 100.0%*** performances of the endoscopist alone(before AI)increased nonsignificantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE(AI-assisted endoscopist).Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems,except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed *** Real-time use of AI4CRP was *** confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP sho

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colorectal polyp characterization Computer aided diagnosis Diminutive colorectal polyps Optical diagnosis Self-critical artificial intelligence

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Landslide Loss and Damage in Sindhupalchok District, nepal:Comparing Income Groups with Implications for Compensation and Relief

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 157-166页

作者： Kees van der Geest United nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security

The 2014 Jure landslide in Sindhupalchok District, nepal, caused significant loss and damage to ecosystems and livelihoods in the area. In the direct aftermath of the landslide, several disaster loss assessments were conducted, with the aim of coun.ing casualties,injured people, and damaged houses and *** useful and necessary in their own right, such rapid assessments do not reveal the true extent and significance of the losses and damages that people in disaster areas face, including their monetary value. We address this gap, based on a comprehensive household survey(n = 234), as well as other, qualitative research tools. Our results highlight the importance of differentiating between loss and damage in absolute monetary terms as opposed to losses relative to annual income. We find a stark contrast between the high absolute losses incurred by nonpoor households, and the high relative losses—up to 14 times their annual income—experienced by poor *** results have important implications for policy that addresses loss and damage, not only of landslides but also of other disasters. Loss and damage assessments need to take the livelihood characteristics of affected households into account to identify and support those most in need of compensation and relief.

关键词： Compensation and relief Impact assessment Landslides Loss and damage analysis nepal

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Laguerre calculus and Paneitz operator on the Heisenberg group

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第12期52卷 2549-2569页

作者： CHAnG der-Chen Department of Mathematics Georgetown University

Laguerre calculus is a powerful tool for harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg group. Many sub-elliptic partial differential operators can be inverted by Laguerre calculus. In this article, we use Laguerre calculus to find explicit kernels of the fundamental solution for the Paneitz operator and its heat equation. The Paneitz operator which plays an important role in CR geometry can be written as follows: $$ {\mathcal{P}_\alpha} = {\mathcal{L}_\alpha} \bar {\mathcal{L}_\alpha} = \frac{1} {4}\left[ {\sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {\left( {Z_j \bar Z_j + \bar Z_j Z_j } \right)} } \right]^2 + \alpha ^2 T^2 $$ Here “Z j ” j=1 n is an orthonormal basis for the subbundle T (1,0) of the complex tangent bundle T ?(H n ) and T is the “missing direction”. The operator $ \mathcal{L}_\alpha $ is the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group which is sub-elliptic if α does not belong to an exceptional set Λ α . We also construct projection operators and relative fundamental solution for the operator $ \mathcal{L}_\alpha $ while α ∈ Λ α .

关键词： Paneitz operator Heisenberg group Laguerre calculus fundamental solution heat kernel spectrum 35H20 53C44

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Laguerre expansion on the Heisenberg group and Fourier-Bessel transform on C^n Dedicated to Professor Sheng GOnG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1722-1739页

作者： CHAnG der-Chen GRIEnER Peter Department of Mathematics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057USA Department of Mathematics University of Toronto TorontoON M5S 3G3Canada

Given a principal value convolution on the Heisenberg group Hn = Cn × R, we study the relation between its Laguerre expansion and the Fourier-Bessel expansion of its limit on Cn. We also calculate the Dirichlet kerne... 详细信息

关键词： Heisenberg group, Fourier transform, Laguerre expansion, Bessel functions,Poisson sum, Dirichlet kernel.

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Selective expansion of human natural killer cells leads to enhanced alloreactivity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第2期11卷 160-168页

作者： Diana n Eissens Clive M Michelo Frank WMB Preijers Bram van Cranenbroek Houwelingen Arnold van der Meer Irma Joosten Department of Laboratory Medicine--Laboratory of Medical Immunology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands and Department of Laboratory Medicine--Laboratory of Hematology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The netherlands These authors contributed equally to this work.

In allogeneic stem cell transplantation （SCT）, natural killer （nK） cells lacking their cognate inhibitory ligand can.induce graft-versus-leukemia responses, without the induction of severe graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）. This feature can be exploited for cellular immunotherapy. In this study, we examined selective expansion of nK cell subsets expressing distinct killer immunoglobulin-like receptors （KIRs） within the whole human peripheral blood nK cell population, in the presence of HLA-Cw3 （C1） or Cw4 （C2） transfected K562 stimulator cells. Coculture of KIR＋ nK cells with C1 or C2 positive K562 cells, in the presence of IL-2＋ IL-15, triggered the outgrowth of nK cells that missed their cognate ligand. This resulted in an.increased frequency of alloreactive KIR＋ nK cells within the whole nK cell population. Also, after preculture with K562 cells lacking their cognate ligand, we observed that this alloreactive nK population revealed higher numbers of CD107~ cells when cocultured with the relevant K562 HLA-C transfected target cells, as compared to coculture with untransfected K562 cells. This enhanced reactivity was confirmed using primary leukemic cells as target. This study demonstrates that HLA class I expression can mediate the skewing of the nK cell repertoire and enrich the population for cells with enhanced alloreactivity towards leukemic target cells. This feature may support future clinical applications of nK cell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： alloreactivity cytotoxicity immunotherapy KIR nK cells stem cell transplantation

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A note on Hermite and Subelliptic Operators

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2005年第4期21卷 803-818页

作者： der Chen CHAnG Jing Zhi TIE Department of Mathematics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057-1233. USA Department of Mathematics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-7403 USA

In this note, we compute the fundamental solution for the Hermite operator with singularity at an arbitrary point y∈R^n. We also apply this result to obtain the fundamental solutions for the Grushin operator in R^2 a... 详细信息

关键词： Hermite operator Heisenberg group Sub-Laplacian Gruhsin operator Heat kernel Laguerre function

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Fourier transform of anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2021年第1期16卷 119-139页

作者： Long HUAnG der-Chen CHAnG Dachun YAnG Laboratory of Mathematics and Complex Systems(Ministry of Education of China) School of Mathematical SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Mathematics and Statistics Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20057USA Graduate Institute of Business Adminstration College of ManagementFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Teipei City 242China

Let a:=(a1,…,an)∈[1,∞)n,p:=(p1,…,pn)∈(0,1]n,Hpa(R^(n))be the anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy space associated with adefined via the radial maximal function,and let f belong to the Hardy space Hpa(R^(n)).In this article,we show that the Fourier transform fcoincides with a con.inuous function g onℝn.in the sense of tempered distributions and,moreover,this con.inuous function g,multiplied by a step function associated with a,can be pointwisely controlled by a constant multiple of the Hardy space norm of *** proofs are achieved via the known atomic characterization of Hpa(R^(n))and the establishment of two uniform estimates on anisotropic mixed-norm *** applications,we also conclude a higher order convergence of the con.inuous function gat the ***,a variant of the Hardy-Littlewood inequality in the anisotropic mixed-norm Hardy space setting is also *** these results are a natural generalization of the well-known correspon.ing conclusions of the classical Hardy spaces Hp(R^(n))with p∈0,1],and are even new for isotropic mixed-norm Hardy spaces on∈n.

关键词： Anisotropic(mixed-norm)Hardy space Fourier transform Hardy-Littlewood inequality

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Validation of the TOPAS Monte-Carlo Code of the Off-Field Dose of a 6 MV Synergy Linac

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kodjo Joel Fabrice n’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé D. L. H. Gogon Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International Cancer Center of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of radiation.induced second cancer and the late tissue loss due to Off-field doses in radiotherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is currently one of the most accurate methods for calculating these doses. MC simulation model based on the Particle Simulation Tool (TOPAS) has been developed to simulate the off-field dose of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Linac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken.in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to validate this model. The Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) at the depth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 field size was measured and simulated. Off-field dose profiles at the depth of 1.5 (dmax), 5.0 and 10.0 cm for field sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and 20 × 20 cm2 respectively were measured and simulated. Comparison of measured and simulated off-field dose values showed a good agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the PDDs and profiles curves for off-field doses were 87.5% and 98.11% respectively. The local dose difference based on the PDD curve between the measured and simulated was less than 6.0 % for all locations. For all field size considered in this study, the average difference between profile curves for off-field dose measured and simulated was 9.1%. PDDs and Profiles curves for off-field dose simulation uncertainties were less than 2.0% and 1.0% respectively. TOPAS-MC simulation model developed is a good representation of our 6 MV Linac Elekta Synergy for assessing off-field dose, which would be the primary cause of some secondary cancers.

关键词： Radiotherapy Off-Field Dose Secondary Cancer TOPAS-MC Simulation Dosimetry

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Lin.ing electronic structure calculations to generalized stacking fault energies in multicomponent alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 989-997页

作者： Anirudh Raju natarajan Anton Van der Ven Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

The generalized stacking fault energy is a key ingredient to mesoscale models of *** we develop an approach to quantify the dependence of generalized stacking fault energies on the degree of chemical disorder in multicomponent *** introduce the notion of a“configurationally-resolved planar fault”(CRPF)energy and extend the cluster expansion method from alloy theory to express the CRPF as a function of chemical occupation variables of sites surroun.ing the *** apply the approach to explore the composition and temperature dependence of the unstable stacking fault energy(USF)in binary Mo–nb ***-principles calculations are used to parameterize a formation energy and CRPF cluster *** Carlo simulations show that the distribution of USF energies is significantly affected by chemical composition and *** formalism is broadly applicable to arbitrary crystal structures and alloy chemistries and will enable the development of rigorous models for deformation mechanisms in high-entropy alloys.

关键词： alloy alloys fault

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Competition for shelter between four invasive gobiids and two native benthic fish species

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 844-851页

作者： n. VAn KESSEL M. DOREnBOSCH M.R.M. DE BOER R.S.E.W. LEUVEn G. VAn der VELDE Radboud University nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology EO. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Radboud University nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Environmental Science P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands natuurbalans - Limes Divergens P.O. Box 31070 6503 CB Nijmegen The Netherlands netherlands Institute of Ecology （nIOO - KnAW） EO. Box 50 6700 AB Wageningen The Netherlands netherlands Centre for Biodiversity naturalis EO. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native benthic species are bottom dwelling species with a preference for shelter during at least part of their life cycle, it is likely that competition for shelter will occur between these non-native and native species when shelter is a limiting factor. To investigate the importance of this mecha- nism for species replacements, various habitat choice experiments were conducted between two common native benthic fish spe- cies （Cottus perifretum and Barbatula barbatula） and four invasive non-native gobiid species （Proterorhinus semilunaris, neogo- bius melanostomus, n. kessleri and n. fluviatilis）. The first series of single specimen experiments determined the habitat choice of each individual fish species. In a second series of competition experiments, shifts in habitat choice in comparison with the previ- ously observed habitat choice, were determined when a native benthic fish species co-occurred with non-native gobiid species. native C. perifretum displayed a significant shift in habitat choice in co-occurrence with the gobiids n. kessleri or P. semilunaris. C. perifretum was outcompeted and moved from the available shelter place to less preferred habitat types. During the competition experiments no change in habitat choice of B. barbatula was shown. Our study therefore suggests that competition for shelter is likely to occur in rivers invaded by n. kessleri and P. semilunaris at sites where shelter is limiting

关键词： Bullhead Exotic species Habitat choice Invasive gobies Rivers Rhine and Meuse Stone loach

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