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Proteomic studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations

Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 48-58页

作者： Manuel Sebastián Rebollo Couto Paulo Emilio Lovato Daniel Wipf Eliane Dumas-Gaudot Centro de Biologia Molecular Estrutural Departamento de Bioquímica CCB Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Rural CCA Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil UMR InRA 1347/Agrosup/U Bourgogne Agroecology ERL IPM 6300 CNRS Dijon France

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are soil-borne microorganisms forming mutualistic associations with the vast majority of land plants, including most agricultural relevant crops. In this association the plant provides the fungus with plant photosynthates allowing it to complete its life cycle, while the fungus provides the plant with mineral nutrients, mainly phosphorus and can also help the plant to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses. In regard to these benefits there is growing interest on the use of AM fungi to improve productivity and sustainability in agricultural systems. AM fungi and their interactions with plants have been extensively studied using proteomic techniques, but some difficulties have been faced. 1) Little is known about the AM fungal typical protein repertoire because it is currently impossible to grow AM fungi in pure axenic cultures;2) Plant tissues often contain high amounts of interfering substances that make protein extraction for the study of AM interactions a difficult procedure;3) Most nutrient exchanges between AM fungi and their host plants involve participation of membrane proteins, still poorly resolved in most separation techniques. Finally, 4) the formation of the arbuscule is an asynchronous process, making it difficult to distinguish which proteins are essential in the early or late stages of AM associations. In this review we present a historical summary of how these difficulties have been overcome by technological advances in proteomics and we discuss current and future trends in the study of the proteins involved in AM interactions.

关键词： Mycorrhiza Symbiosis Proteomics 2DE Mass Spectrometry

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Vertebral Localization of Multifocal Skeletal Tuberculosis: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Modern neurosurgery 2017年第2期7卷 11-18页

作者： Fulbert Kouakou Alban Slim Mbende André Tokpa nicole Adou Dominique n’Dri Oka neurosurgery Unit Yopougon Teaching Hospital Ivory Coast

Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis is a rare condition. The diagnosis is difficult and the treatment is delayed in the vast majority of cases. A 30-year-old immunocompetent jobless male complained of thoracic and lumbar spine pain for several weeks, associated with progressive weight loss without fever. neurological examination was normal. CT scanning demonstrated hypodense multifocal lesions of the spine and the hip. Vertebroplasty was performed successfully. But a pathological examination of the biopsy of spinal lesions was not conclusive. One month later, the patient developed an acute spinal cord compression syndrome. Emergency decompression surgery was performed, which demonstrated the purulent epidural abscess and osteolysis. The pathological examination was in favor of tuberculosis. Despite surgical stabilization and cementoplasty, anti-TB therapy and kinesitherapy, the patient was still significantly limited a few months later with a flaccid paraplegia. TB infection was cleared at the end of the two-phase regimen. Atypical tuberculosis ormultifocal TB poses diagnostic problems especially with metastases, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. We report this rare case of mutifocal skeletal tuberculosis to show the place of vertebroplasty in the management of spinal tuberculosisor if there is indeed a potential role that vertebroplasty could have played in spreading spinal lesions. The patient was informed that non identifying information from the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent.

关键词： Multifocale Vertebroplasty Skeletal Tuberculosis Diagnosis Treatment

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Mechanically induced Ca^(2+) oscillations in osteocytes release extracellular vesicles and enhance bone formation

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 72-82页

作者： Andrea E.Morrell Genevieve n.Brown Samuel T.Robinson Rachel L.Sattler Andrew D.Baik Gehua Zhen Xu Cao Lynda F.Bonewald Weiyang Jin Lance C.Kam X.Edward Guo Bone Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University Center for Musculoskeletal Research Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Microscale Biocomplexity Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University

The vast osteocytic network is believed to orchestrate bone metabolic activity in response to mechanical stimuli through production of sclerostin, RAnKL, and osteoprotegerin(OPG). However, the mechanisms of osteocyte mechanotransduction remain poorly understood. We've previously shown that osteocyte mechanosensitivity is encoded through unique intracellular calcium (Ca^(2+) ) dynamics. Here, by simultaneously monitoring Ca^(2+) and actin dynamics in single cells exposed to fluid shear flow, we detected actin network contractions immediately upon onset of flow-induced Ca^(2+) transients, which were facilitated by smooth muscle myosin and further confirmed in native osteocytes ex vivo. Actomyosin contractions have been linked to the secretion of extracellular vesicles(EVs), and our studies demonstrate that mechanical stimulation upregulates EV production in osteocytes through immunostaining for the secretory vesicle marker Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1) and quantifying EV release in conditioned medium, both of which are blunted when Ca^(2+) signaling was inhibited by neomycin. Axial tibia compression was used to induce anabolic bone formation responses in mice, revealing upregulated LAMP1 and expected downregulation of sclerostin in vivo. This load-related increase in LAMP1 expression was inhibited in neomycin-injected mice compared to ***-computed tomography revealed significant load-related increases in both trabecular bone volume fraction and cortical thickness after two weeks of loading, which were blunted by neomycin treatment. In summary, we found mechanical stimulation of osteocytes activates Ca^(2+) -dependent contractions and enhances the production and release of EVs containing bone regulatory proteins. Further, blocking Ca^(2+) signaling significantly attenuates adaptation to mechanical loading in vivo, suggesting a critical role for Ca^(2+) -mediated signaling in bone adaptation.

关键词： OPG conditioned medium Ca2+-dependent

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Can gene editing reduce postharvest waste and loss of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals?

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 51-71页

作者： Emma n.Shipman Jingwei Yu Jiaqi Zhou Karin Albornoz Diane M.Beckles Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Plant Biology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Graduate Group of Horticulture&Agronomy University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Departamento de Produccion Vegetal Universidad de ConcepcionRegion del BioBioConcepcionChile

Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next *** and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients,and along with ornamentals,enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory *** commodities are,however,highly *** 33%of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life,which leads to postharvest loss and *** loss,however,could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply *** gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously *** aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit,vegetable,and ornamental quality,especially after *** provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply ***,we survey the literature of the last 30 years,to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are"ripe"for gene ***,we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest,from the limitations of experimental methods to international *** conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain,gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.

关键词： crops editing harvest

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Carbon Storage and Environmental Determinants in a Tropical Rainforest Landscape

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第4期13卷 229-240页

作者： nwabueze I. Igu Jacinta U. Ezenwenyi Chinero n. Ayogu ngozi V. Okolo Department of Geography and Meteorology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Forestry and Wildlife Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Environmental Management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Tropical ecosystems sequester vast amounts of carbon but remain much varied across different landscapes. In order to provide estimates on carbon storage for the ecosystem and show the role of forest structure and environmental factors in determining aboveground and soil carbon of a rainforest landscape, forest inventory was conducted across 30 forest plots. Each of the plots measured 50 m × 50 m and was used to identify and measure tree species ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH measured at 130cm). Soil samples were collected for up to 30 cm deep at the four edges and then the middle of each plot, bulked for analysis and tested in the laboratory. Aboveground carbon estimates ranged from 8.18 - 91.29 t/ha across the ecosystem and were similar with carbon storage in tropical landscapes. With variations in stem density, basal area and structure across the region, much of the carbon capacity across the ecosystem was much varied (F (29, 2127) = 3.794, p = 0.000). Environmental variables (mainly edaphic variables) were not positively correlated with soil carbon and did not largely determine its storage and variation. The need to reduce disturbances (which are a main driver of disparity in biomass carbon storage) across the region and across tropical ecosystems was advocated as a pathway to enhancing higher carbon sequestration.

关键词： Climate Change Conservation Degradation Land Use Change Tropical Ecosystem

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交流和直流输电线路的经济比较

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高电压技术 2008年第11期34卷 2259-2261页

作者：阿列克山德罗夫·乔·尼陈维贤(译) 国立圣彼得堡工程大学圣彼得堡俄罗斯195251 不详

为比较交直流输电线路的经济性能,首先指出,在采用可控并联电抗器的条件下,交流输电线路的长度和传输功率不受限制。交、直流输电经济比较的准则为线路长度、传输功率、导线功耗和导线电流密度均相同,因此交流相电压应与双极直流的极地... 详细信息

为比较交直流输电线路的经济性能,首先指出,在采用可控并联电抗器的条件下,交流输电线路的长度和传输功率不受限制。交、直流输电经济比较的准则为线路长度、传输功率、导线功耗和导线电流密度均相同,因此交流相电压应与双极直流的极地电压相等,从而两者的导线重量和价格相同,线路杆塔总的机械负荷和价格亦大体相同,但直流线路的两侧要求设置十分昂贵的换流站和无功能源,故而直流输电的总费用远比交流高;对远距离输电线路常需与中间系统相连的问题,交流线路只用投入联络变压器,而直流线路则需设置代价高昂的换流站。过去人们常将直流极地电压等同于交流相间电压而作对比,得出≥1000km距离时的直流线路要比交流线路更为经济的不适当结论。由于以上主要原因,欧洲国家(包括俄罗斯)不采用架空直流输电线路。

关键词：可控并联电抗器交流输电线路直流输电线路经济比较准则换流站

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A Retrospective Study on the Pyogenic Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns along with the ES<i>β</i>L Production

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第6期11卷 317-326页

作者： Anindita Chakraborty Debadatta Dhar Chanda nilanjana Choudhury n. G. Manjula B. M. Shilpa Department of Microbiology School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS) Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru Karnataka Department of Microbiology Silchar Medical College and Hospital Assam India

Pyogenic infections are caused by various pathogens leading to pus formation and that can be attributed due to a wound either through accident or during surgery leading to infection spread. There are pathogenic strains that are not uncommon in hospital settings like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter etc., that are multidrug resistant (MDR) and are a cause of concern. The bacteriological profile in the pyogenic infections tends to be same but there is a vast difference with the antibiotic resistant patterns in different hospital settings. Hence, the aim was to study the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and Extended spectrum βeta Lactamases (ESβL) production in these pathogens. A prospective study was carried out in Silchar Medical College and Hospital Assam, India, over a four-month period from February to May 2021. The samples were processed using Blood and MacConkey’s agar. Further, these isolated pathogens were identified by standard morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and ESβL production was detected by using combined disk diffusion test. It was observed that the identified pathogens had an incidence rate of 84.2% and further revealed that Gram negative had a higher incidence rate compared to Gram positive with 59.8%. The pathogens isolated from pus samples had a maximum of Klebsiella sps (19.64%) and the lowest was E. coli with 5.36%. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) of Gram-negative bacterial isolates showed the highest incidence with aztreonam (40.6%) and the lowest was observed in Piperacillin/Tazobactam with 7.5%. The only Gram positive was observed in our study, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest resistance in amikacin with 80% and interestingly, all the isolates were sensitive to Linezolid with 100%. There is a high rise and spreading

关键词： Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Pus ESβL MDR

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Bilateral Gluteal Reconstruction with Double Flap Secondary to Biopolymers Injection

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第7期9卷 174-183页

作者： Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Morán García Carlos I. navarro-Delgadillo Pamela Sánchez-Morán Pérez Rogelio Cordova-López Vanessa Moreno-Diaz Oscar Pérez-Osorio Donovan Magaña-Vega Willian Bautista-Santos Providence Medical Clinic Ciudad de México México

The injection of adjuvant substances for aesthetic purposes is a public health problem, for 40 years this problem has been described throughout our continent, the vast majority of women patients are affected by the infiltration of silicon, mineral oils, automotive oil, methyl methacrylate, cement and various oily substances. This is a 54-year-old female patient who for about 30 years for cosmetic purposes was injected with mineral oil (quantity unknown) in both glutei with the aim of buttock augmentation. Physical examination was observed an important deformity in each buttock, hyperkeratosis with discoloration in both buttocks, loss of bilateral projection, right buttock with a secondary tumor of 22 cm × 11 cm and left 22 cm × 10 cm, stony appearance, local hyperthermia, painful on manipulation, with diffuse nodular lesions measuring 2 cm × 2 cm, without evidence of loss of continuity that would condition secretion leakage. Surgical planning is based on the very important size of the initial defect that we would have to reconstruct, so that the rotation of two wide-based flaps could guarantee better survival and occlusion of the defect, since the realization of a graft would cause a significant deformity, and the realization of a microsurgical flap in a fibrous tissue would inevitably result in its necrosis. The pathophysiology of the adjuvant disease is extremely complex, therefore it must be addressed by a multidisciplinary group with extensive experience.

关键词： Gluteal Reconstruction Biopolymers Foreign Materials Biomaterials Modelants

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Light emission of heavily doped AlGan structures under optical pumping

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第4期39卷 28-33页

作者： P. A. Bokhan n. V. Fateev I. V. Osinnykh T. V. Malin Dm. E. Zakrevsky K. S. Zhuravlev Xin Wei Jian Li Lianghui Chen Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090 Russia novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Russia novosibirsk State Technical University Novosibirsk 630073 Russia Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Spectral, temporal and polarization characteristics of spontaneous and stimulated luminescence of Al0.5Ga0.5n/A1n structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied at the optical pulsed pumping with 2 = 266 nm. Samples with a high degree of silicon doping were investigated. The vast majority of radiation falls on transitions within the band gap between the levels of defects. As a result, the radiation band embracing the whole visible range of more than 300 THz is observed in both spontaneous radiation and induced luminescence. In spon- taneous radiation the band has a smooth spectral intensity distribution over the wavelengths, whereas induced radi- ation has its sharp peaks corresponding to the mode structure of the planar waveguide. The measured gain of the active medium is g ≈ 70 cm 1 for a weak signal.

关键词： film optical characteristics laser material

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Inspirations from the scientific discovery of the anammox bacteria: A classic example of how scientific principles can guide discovery and development

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第1期59卷 449-455页

作者： DAnG Hong Yue HUAnG Rong Fang JIAO nian Zhi State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) is a relatively new pathway within the n cycle discovered in the late 1990 s. This eminent discovery not only modified the classical theory of biological metabolism and matter cycling, but also profoundly influenced our understanding of the energy sources for life. A new member of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms capable of carbon fixation was found in the vast deep dark ocean. If the discovery of the chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments once challenged the old dogma "all living things depend on the sun for growth," the discovery of anammox bacteria that are widespread in anoxic environments fortifies the victory over this dogma. Anammox bacteria catalyze the oxidization of nH_4^+ by using nO_2^- as the terminal electron acceptor to produce n_2. Similar to the denitrifying microorganisms, anammox bacteria play a biogeochemical role of inorganic n removal from the environment. However, unlike heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, anammox bacteria are chemolithoautotrophs that can generate transmembrane proton motive force, synthesize ATP molecules and further carry out CO_2 fixation through metabolic energy harvested from the anammox process. Although anammox bacteria and the subsequently found ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA), another very important group of n cycling microorganisms are both chemolithoautotrophs, AOA use ammonia rather than ammonium as the electron donor and O_2 as the terminal electron acceptor in their energy metabolism. Therefore, the ecological process of AOA mainly takes place in oxic seawater and sediments, while anammox bacteria are widely distributed in anoxic water and sediments, and even in some typical extreme marine environments such as the deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps. Studies have shown that the anammox process may be responsible for 30%–70% n_2 production in the ocean. In environmental engineering related to nitrogenous wastewater treatment, an

关键词： Anaerobic ammonium oxidation Marine nitrogen cycle Chemolithoautotrophy Wastewater treatment Scientific inspiration

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