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Extended Deep Learning Algorithm for Improved Brain Tumor Diagnosis System

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第1期39卷 33-55页

作者： M.Adimoolam K.Maithili n.M.Balamurugan R.rajkumar S.Leelavathy Raju Kannadasan Mohd Anul Haq Ilyas Khan ElSayed M.Tag El Din Arfat Ahmad Khan Department of Computer Engineering Government Polytechnic CollegeSevvapetTiruvallurTamil Nadu602025India Department of Computer Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500075India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurChennai602117India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Annamalai UniversityChidambaramTamil Nadu608002India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of TechnologyVinayaka Mission Research FoundationPaiyanurTamil Nadu603104India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur602117India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Computer Science College of ComputingKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand

At present,the prediction of brain tumors is performed using Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)algorithms.Although various ML and DL algorithms are adapted to predict brain tumors to some range,some concerns still need enhancement,particularly accuracy,sensitivity,false positive and false negative,to improve the brain tumor prediction system symmetrically.Therefore,this work proposed an Extended Deep Learning Algorithm(EDLA)to measure performance parameters such as accuracy,sensitivity,and false positive and false negative rates.In addition,these iterated measures were analyzed by comparing the EDLA method with the Convolutional neural network(Cnn)way further using the SPSS tool,and respective graphical illustrations were shown.The results were that the mean performance measures for the proposed EDLA algorithm were calculated,and those measured were accuracy(97.665%),sensitivity(97.939%),false positive(3.012%),and false negative(3.182%)for ten iterations.Whereas in the case of the Cnn,the algorithm means accuracy gained was 94.287%,mean sensitivity 95.612%,mean false positive 5.328%,and mean false negative 4.756%.These results show that the proposed EDLA method has outperformed existing algorithms,including Cnn,and ensures symmetrically improved parameters.Thus EDLA algorithm introduces novelty concerning its performance and particular activation function.This proposed method will be utilized effectively in brain tumor detection in a precise and accurate manner.This algorithm would apply to brain tumor diagnosis and be involved in various medical diagnoses aftermodification.If the quantity of dataset records is enormous,then themethod’s computation power has to be updated.

关键词： Brain tumor extended deep learning algorithm convolution neural network tumor detection deep learning

Towards Fully Secure 5G Ultra-Low Latency Communications: A Cost-Security Functions Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 855-880页

作者： Borja Bordel Ramón Alcarria Joaquin Chung rajkumar Kettimuthu Tomás Robles Iván Armuelles Universidad Politecnica de Madrid MadridEspana Argonne national Laboratory LemontILUSA Universidad de Panama PanamaPanama

Future components to enhance the basic,native security of 5G networks are either complex mechanisms whose impact in the requiring 5G communications are not considered,or lightweight solutions adapted to ultrareliable low-latency communications(URLLC)but whose security properties remain under discussion.Although different 5G network slices may have different requirements,in general,both visions seem to fall short at provisioning secure URLLC in the future.In this work we address this challenge,by introducing cost-security functions as a method to evaluate the performance and adequacy of most developed and employed non-native enhanced security mechanisms in 5G networks.We categorize those new security components into different groups according to their purpose and deployment scope.We propose to analyze them in the context of existing 5G architectures using two different approaches.First,using model checking techniques,we will evaluate the probability of an attacker to be successful against each security solution.Second,using analytical models,we will analyze the impact of these security mechanisms in terms of delay,throughput consumption,and reliability.Finally,we will combine both approaches using stochastic cost-security functions and the PRISM model checker to create a global picture.Our results are first evidence of how a 5G network that covers and strengthened all security areas through enhanced,dedicated non-native mechanisms could only guarantee secure URLLC with a probability of∼55%.

关键词： 5G networks security analysis secure low latency communications URLLC eMBBC

Discovery of n-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamides as a novel and potent antiviral chemotype against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第4期12卷 1671-1684页

作者： Sameera Senaweera Tiffany C.Edwards Jayakanth Kankanala Yan Wang rajkumar Lalji Sahani Jiashu Xie Robert J.Geraghty Zhengqiang Wang Center for Drug Design College of PharmacyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Translational Medicine R&D Center Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Current drugs for treating human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)infections are limited by resistance and treatment-associated toxicities.In developing mechanistically novel HCMV antivirals,we discovered an n-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide antiviral hit(8a)inhibiting HCMV in submicromolar range.We describe herein the structure–activity relationship(SAR)for 8a,and the characterization of potent analogs for cytotoxicity/cytostatic property,the preliminary mechanism of action,and the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion(ADME)properties.The SAR revealed a few pharmacophore features conferring optimal antiviral profile,including the 5-OH,the n-1 benzyl,at least one–CH_(2)−in the linker,and a di-halogen substituted phenyl ring in the amide moiety.In the end,we identified numerous analogs with sub-micromolar antiviral potency and good selectivity index.The preliminary mechanism of action characterization used a pUL89-C biochemical endonuclease assay,a virus entry assay,a time-of-addition assay,and a compound withdrawal assay.ADME profiling measuring aqueous solubility,plasma and liver microsomal stability,and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay(PAMPA)permeability demonstrated largely favorable drug-like properties.Together,these studies validate the n-benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamide as a viable chemotype for potent and mechanistically distinct antivirals against HCMV.

关键词： Human cytomegalovirus n-Benzyl hydroxypyridone carboxamides Structureeactivity relationship Mechanism of action

Direct observation of the plasmon-enhanced palladium catalysis with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy

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nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 8817-8826页

作者： Zhuoyao Li rajkumar Devasenathipathy Junjie Wang Liuyingzi Yu Yan Liang Huixiang Sheng Yameng Zhu Hai Li Hiroshi Uji-i Xiao Huang Gang Lu School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies) Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronicsand Institute of Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing 211816China Department of Chemistry KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200FLeuven 3001Belgium Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversityN20W10Kita wardSapporoHokkaido 001-0020Japan national Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Plasmonic nanostructures have been proved effective not only in catalyzing chemical reactions,but also in improving the activity of non-plasmonic photocatalysts.It is essential to reveal the synergy between the plasmonic structure and the non-plasmonic metal photocatalyst for expounding the underlying mechanism of plasmon-enhanced catalysis.Herein,the enhancement of resazurin reduction at the heterostructure of silver nanowire(AgnW)and palladium nanoparticles(PdnPs)is observed in situ by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.The catalysis mapping results around single AgnW suggest that the catalytic activity of PdnPs is enhanced for~20 times due to the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)in the vicinity of the AgnW.This catalysis enhancement is also highly related to the wavelength and polarization of the excitation light.In addition,the palladium catalysis is further enhanced by~10 times in the vicinity of a roughened AgnW or a AgnW-AgnW nanogap because of the improvement of catalytic hotspots.These findings clarify the contribution of plasmon excitation in palladium catalysis at microscopic scale,which will help to deepen the understanding of the plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis and provide a guideline for developing highly efficient plasmon-based photocatalysts.

关键词： surface plasmon palladium nanoparticles photocatalysis enhancement hot carrier super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Influence of Rice Genotypes on Folding and Spinning Behaviour of Leaffolder(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and Its Interaction with Leaf Damage

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Rice science 2013年第6期20卷 442-450页

作者： M.PUnITHAVALLI n.M.MUTHUKRISHnAn M.BALAJI rajkumar Sugarcane Breeding Institute Agricultural College & Research Institute Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture

Folding and spinning behavior of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）（Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） in different categories of rice genotypes viz., resistant, susceptible, hybrid, scented, popular and wild rice genotypes were significantly different. Longer leaf selection time and folding time per primary fold; shorter primary fold and whole leaf fold; lower number of binds per primary fold and whole leaf fold were recorded in resistant and wild rice genotypes. In the correlation analysis, it was found that the leaf folding parameters were positively correlated to leaf folder damage whereas the leaf spinning parameters were negatively correlated. Similarly, the morphological characters differed significantly among the chosen genotypes and were related to leaffolder damage. The leaf width and total productive tiller number were positively correlated to leaffolder infestation. Results also indicated that the trichome density and length, leaf length and plant height might contribute to resistance whereas total number of green leaves had no effect on leaffolder infestation. In the scatter plot analysis between leaf folding and spinning characters and leaffolder damage, the genotypes were separated into four groups viz., resistant （TKM6, Ptb 33, LFR831311, Oryza rhizomatis and O. minuta）, moderately resistant （ASD16 and CORH1）, moderately susceptible （ADT36, Pusa Basmati and CB200290） and susceptible （IR36 and Tn1）. The present investigation proved that the leaf morphology viz., leaf length and width, plant height and trichome density and length may play a vital role in resistance against rice leaffolder.

关键词： rice genotype Cnaphalocrocis medinalis folding and spinning behaviour leaf morphology

Prediction of Facial Profile Based on Morphometric Measurements and Profile Characteristics of Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor Teeth

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 26-32页

作者： Raghavendra n Venkatesh V Kamath Krishnanand P Satelur Komali rajkumar Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Dr.Syamala Reddy Dental CollegeHospital and Research CentreBangaloreKarnatakaIndia

The computation of facial profile from dental morphometrics has been a subject of great interest in forensic odontology.The use of teeth to draw a profile and facial features is valuable in times of mass disasters when body remains are unavailable due to extreme destruction.This study aims to identify and evaluate applicable parameters in the permanent maxillary central incisors and the face of an individual.A correlation of these parameters establishes a mathematical equation that further charts a tooth‑facial profile table.Thirty soft and hard tissue landmarks on the face in the frontal and the lateral profiles(using standardized photographs)and seven landmarks on the facial/labial surface of the clinical crown of the permanent maxillary central incisor(using casts of the maxilla)were identified for the study.Based on these,a set of eight horizontal and seven vertical parameters on the face and four parameters on the tooth were created for the assessment.Internal and external correlations between the two were carried out and statistically analyzed.A logistic regression was made to predict the probability of the parameters most likely to be reproduced in the creation of the facial profile,based on tooth morphometrics.The results indicated a definite correlation between the facial and the tooth parameters.Among the multiple parameters,a definite correlation in the horizontal dimension could be established between the mouth width and the mesiodistal width(MDW)of the tooth.In the vertical dimension,a definite relationship existed between the crown height of the tooth and the width of the midface(zygoma‑mandible).There exist divergences in the correlation of tooth and facial parameters.

关键词： Dental morphometrics forensic odontology permanent maxillary central incisor

Plant Species Diversity along an Altitudinal Gradient of Bhabha Valley in Western Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第2期5卷 157-177页

作者： Amit Chawla S.rajkumar K.n.Singh Brij Lal R.D.Singh A.K.Thukral Bioresource Development Unit Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR) Palampur Himachal Pradesh-176 061 India Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143 005 India

The present study highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Bhabha Valley of western Himalaya in India. The analysis of species diversity revealed that a total of 313 species of higher plants inhabit the valley with a characteristic of moist alpine shrub vegetation. The herbaceous life forms dominate and increase with increasing altitude. The major representations are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae, suggesting thereby the alpine meadow nature of the study area. The effect of altitude on species diversity displays a hump-shaped curve which may be attributed to increase in habitat diversity at the median ranges and relatively less habitat diversity at higher altitudes. The anthropogenic pressure at lower altitudes results in low plant diversity towards the bottom of the valley with most of the species being exotic in nature. Though the plant diversity is less at higher altitudinal ranges, the uniqueness is relatively high with high species replacement rates. More than 90 % of variability in the species diversity could be explained using appropriate quantitative and statistical analysis along the altitudinal gradient. The valley harbours 18 threatened and 41 endemic species, most of which occur at higher altitudinal gradients due to habitat specificity.

关键词：植物多样性高度倾斜植物群喜玛拉雅山脉

Diet and habitat affinities in six raptor species in India

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 354-362页

作者： Satish Pande Reuven Yosef Federico Morelli rajkumar Pawar Ram Mone ELA Foundation C-9 Bhosale ParkSahakarnagrPune 411009India Department of Environmental Sciences Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityGaneshkhindPune 411007India Ben Gurion University of the negev-Eilat Campus P.O.Box 27288000 EilatIsrael Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamycká129165 00 Prague 6Czech Republic

Background: Sympatric species adapt to, and temporally or geographically segregate access to similar limiting factors.Methods: We compared nesting habitat and diet affinities of six raptor species in central India between the years 20062015.Results: A large composition of reptiles in the diet was characteristic for Circaetus gallicus, Spilornis cheela and Elanus caeruleus, while Aquila fasciata, Falco chicquera and nisaetus cirrhatus show a higher proportion of birds. Species with greatest similarity of diet were C. gallicus and S. cheela. Considering the environmental characterization of areas where raptors built the nest, some species were ecologically closer than others. n. cirrhatus and S. cheela were related to the presence of water bodies, dry deciduous forest and evergreen forests, while E. caeruleus and C. gallicus preferred more open habitats. A. fasciata bred either on cliffs or trees, F. chicquera on trees or mobile towers, and the other four species built their nests exclusively in trees.Conclusions: We conclude that although there was overlap in diet and nesting ecology for a number of species, the geographical separation likely limits competition for resources.

关键词： Raptor species Diet Breeding area niche overlap Resource partitioning

Efficacy of Shanvac-B recombinant DnA hepatitis B vaccine in health care workers of northern India

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第4期9卷 393-397页

作者： Varsha Thakur nirupma T Pati rajkumar C Gupta Shiv K Sarin Department of Gastroenterology GB Pant Hospital

BACKGROUnD: Health care workers (HCWs) constitute a high-risk population of HBV infection. There are limited data on the efficacy of vaccination in HCWs in India. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, Shanvac-B, in HCWs. METHODS: In 597 HCWs screened before the vaccination, 216 (36.2%) showed the presence of at least one of the markers of HBV/HCV infection. Of the remaining 381 (63.8%) HCWs who were considered for vaccination, only 153 (age 18-45 years; 48 males and 105 females) were available for final assessment. These HCWs received 20 μg of vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months. They were asked for the reactogenicity and monitored for the seroprotective efficacy of the vaccination. Anti-HBs titres were measured after vaccination at 1, 2 and 7 months. The presence of anti-HBs titers equal to 1 MIU/ml was considered as seroconversion and that of titres greater than 10 MIU/ml as seroprotection. RESULTS: After vaccination, 32 males (67%) and 76 females (72%) showed seroconvertion; finally 12 (25%) of the males and 47 (45%) of the females were seroprotected. Seroprotection at 2 and 7 months was more dominant in the females than in the males (96% vs. 56%, P=0.001, 100% vs. 85%, P=0.0001), respectively. Geometric mean titres of anti-HBs after vaccination were also higher in the females than in the males (257±19.7 vs. 29±1.88 MIU/ml, P=0.01, 1802±35.2 vs. 306±13.6 MIU/ml, P≤0.05, 6465±72 vs. 2142±73.6 MIU/ml, Pn male HCWs showed unsatisfactory response, non-response (n=3, 6%) and hypo-response (≤10 MIU/ml, n=4, 8%) at the end of vaccination. Smoking and alcoholism were significantly correlated with unsatisfactory response. no significant adverse effects of vaccination were observed in any HCW.COnCLUSIOnS: The presence of HBsAg in HCWs indicates that a high proportion of HCWs are infected with HBV and HCV in India. Recombinant indigenous vaccine Shanvac-B is highly efficacious in HCWs, and its immunogenicity is significantly higher in females than in males. However, p

关键词： health care workers hepatitis B virus hepatitis C virus seroprotection immunogenicity Shanvac-B