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Stage-Wise Categorization and Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Ensemble Learning and 2D-Cnn

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第4期36卷 499-514页

作者： n.m.balamurugan K.maithili T.K.S.Rathish Babu m.Adimoolam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurChennaiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and Technology(Autonomous)HyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sridevi Women’s Engineering CollegeHyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesThandalamChennaiIndia

Diabetic Eye Disease(DED)is a fundamental cause of blindness in human beings in the medical *** techniques are proposed to forecast and examine the stages in Prognostication of Diabetic Retinopathy(DR).The machine Learning(mL)and the Deep Learning(DL)algorithms are the predomi-nant techniques to project and explore the images of *** though some solu-tions were adapted to challenge the cause of DR disease,still there should be an efﬁcient and accurate DR prediction to be adapted to reﬁne its *** this work,a hybrid technique was proposed for classiﬁcation and prediction of *** proposed hybrid technique consists of Ensemble Learning(EL),2 Dimensional-Conventional neural network(2D-Cnn),Transfer Learning(TL)and Correlation ***,the Stochastic Gradient Boosting(SGB)EL method was used to predict the ***,the boosting based EL method was used to predict the DR of *** 2D-Cnn was applied to categorize the various stages of DR ***,the TL was adopted to transfer the clas-siﬁcation prediction to training *** this TL was applied,a new predic-tion feature was *** the experiment,the proposed technique has achieved 97.8%of accuracy in prophecies of DR images and 98%accuracy in grading of *** experiment was also extended to measure the sensitivity(99.6%)and speciﬁcity(97.3%)*** predicted accuracy rate was com-pared with existing methods.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy prediction and classiﬁcation ensemble learning conventional neural network diabetic eye disease

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Extended Deep Learning Algorithm for Improved Brain Tumor Diagnosis System

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第1期39卷 33-55页

作者： m.Adimoolam K.maithili n.m.balamurugan R.Rajkumar S.Leelavathy Raju Kannadasan mohd Anul Haq Ilyas Khan ElSayed m.Tag El Din Arfat Ahmad Khan Department of Computer Engineering Government Polytechnic CollegeSevvapetTiruvallurTamil Nadu602025India Department of Computer Science and Engineering KG Reddy College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500075India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudurChennai602117India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Annamalai UniversityChidambaramTamil Nadu608002India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of TechnologyVinayaka Mission Research FoundationPaiyanurTamil Nadu603104India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur602117India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Computer Science College of ComputingKhon Kaen UniversityKhon Kaen40002Thailand

At present,the prediction of brain tumors is performed using machine Learning(mL)and Deep Learning(DL)*** various mL and DL algorithms are adapted to predict brain tumors to some range,some concerns still need enhancement,particularly accuracy,sensitivity,false positive and false negative,to improve the brain tumor prediction system ***,this work proposed an Extended Deep Learning Algorithm(EDLA)to measure performance parameters such as accuracy,sensitivity,and false positive and false negative *** addition,these iterated measures were analyzed by comparing the EDLA method with the Convolutional neural network(Cnn)way further using the SPSS tool,and respective graphical illustrations were *** results were that the mean performance measures for the proposed EDLA algorithm were calculated,and those measured were accuracy(97.665%),sensitivity(97.939%),false positive(3.012%),and false negative(3.182%)for ten *** in the case of the Cnn,the algorithm means accuracy gained was 94.287%,mean sensitivity 95.612%,mean false positive 5.328%,and mean false negative 4.756%.These results show that the proposed EDLA method has outperformed existing algorithms,including Cnn,and ensures symmetrically improved *** EDLA algorithm introduces novelty concerning its performance and particular activation *** proposed method will be utilized effectively in brain tumor detection in a precise and accurate *** algorithm would apply to brain tumor diagnosis and be involved in various medical diagnoses *** the quantity of dataset records is enormous,then themethod’s computation power has to be updated.

关键词： Brain tumor extended deep learning algorithm convolution neural network tumor detection deep learning

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neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian n.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

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Analysis of charge density and Fermi level of Al In Sb/In Sb single-gate high electron mobility transistor

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第6期36卷 47-52页

作者： S.Theodore Chandra n.B.balamurugan m.Bhuvaneswari n.Anbuselvan n.mohankumar national Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECE Thiagarajar College of Engineering Department of ECE SKP Engineering College

A compact model is proposed to derive the charge density of the AlInSb/InSb HEmT devices by con- sidering the variation of Fermi level, the first subband, the second subband and sheet carrier charge density with applied gate voltage. The proposed model considers the Fermi level dependence of charge density and vice versa. The analytical results generated by the proposed model are compared and they agree well with the experimental results. The developed model can be used to implement a physics based compact model for an InSb HEmT device in SPICE applications.

关键词： charge density Fermi level high electron mobility transistor 2D analytical model

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Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis,learning,and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2969-2981页

作者： mackenzie m.Spicer Jianqi Yang Daniel Fu Alison n.DeVore marisol Lauffer nilufer S.Atasoy Deniz Atasoy Rory A.Fisher Department of neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa neuroscience Institute University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in molecular medicine University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA neural Circuits and Behavior Core University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Hippocampal neuronal loss causes cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s *** hippocampal neurogenesis is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s *** stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents and improves memory and slows cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s ***,the molecular pathways for exercise-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improved cognition in Alzheimer’s disease are poorly ***,regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)was identified as the mediator of voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in ***,we generated novel RGS6fl/fl;APP_(SWE) mice and used retroviral approaches to examine the impact of RGS6 deletion from dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells on voluntary running-induced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition in an amyloid-based Alzheimer’s disease mouse *** found that voluntary running in APP_(SWE) mice restored their hippocampal cognitive impairments to that of control *** cognitive rescue was abolished by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neuronal progenitor cells,which also abolished running-mediated increases in adult hippocampal *** hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced in sedentary APP_(SWE) mice versus control mice,with basal adult hippocampal neurogenesis reduced by RGS6 deletion in dentate gyrus neural precursor ***6 was expressed in neurons within the dentate gyrus of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with significant loss of these RGS6-expressing ***,RGS6 mediated voluntary running-induced rescue of impaired cognition and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in APP_(SWE) mice,identifying RGS6 in dentate gyrus neural precursor cells as a possible therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： adult hippocampal neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease dentate gyrus exercise learning/memory neural precursor cells regulator of G protein signaling 6(RGS6)

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejandro martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory brain networks,leading to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to precede synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neuronal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer m.Colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA national Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Quantum Chemical Vibrational Study, FTIR and FT-Raman Spectra of 1,3-Diphenyl Propenone

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光谱学与光谱分析 2019年第12期39卷 3932-3939页

作者： Revathi Haldorai m.Thirumalaikumar S.Sampathkrishnan C.Charanya n.balamurugan Department of Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationEachanariCoimbatore641021Tamil NaduIndia Department of Applied Chemistry Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Applied Physics Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur602105Tamil NaduIndia Research Scholar Department of Applied PhysicsSri Venkateshwara College of EngineeringSriperumbudur 602105TamilnaduIndia Department of Physics Dhanalakshmi College of EngineeringTambaramChennaiTamilnaduIndia

The Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)and Fourier transform Raman(FT-Raman)spectra of 1,3-Diphenyl Propenone were recorded in the regions 4000~400 and 4000~100 cm^-1,respectively,in the solid *** electronic energy,geometrical structure,harmonic vibrational spectra was computed at the DFT/6-31G(d,p)and three parameter hybrid functional Lee-Yang-Parr/6-31G(d,p)levels of *** vibrational studies were interpreted in terms of potential energy distribution(PED).The results were compared with experimental values with the help of scaling *** of the modes have wave numbers in the expected range and are in good agreement with computed values and also the molecular properties of mulliken population analysis have been ***,thermodynamic properties were performed.

关键词： FTIR FT-Raman Vibrational spectra PED

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neuromuscular junction during developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor Cilleros-mañé Laia Just-Borràs marta Balanyà-Segura Aleksandra Polishchuk Laura nadal marta Tomàs Carolina Silvera-Simón manel m.Santafé maria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i neurobiologia(UHneurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and *** competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or *** have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75nTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary ***,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the n-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal competition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium channels motor end-plate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elimination serine kinases tropomyosin-related kinase receptorB

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From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-Pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero Hospital nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain medical Research Unit for neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

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