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Age and Gender Dependent Amino Acid Concentrations in the Feather, Feather-Free and Whole Empty Body Protein of Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第3期8卷 223-238页

作者： Christian Wecke Daulat Rehman Khan Angela Sünder frank Liebert Division Animal nutrition Physiology Department of Animal Sciences Georg-August-University of Gottingen Gottingen Germany

Two consecutive growth experiments with meat-type chickens (Ross 308) were conducted in order to quantify the age-dependent amino acid (AA) content in the whole body protein of male and female birds based on experimental data of the feather and feather-free body protein fractions. Birds were reared under uniform housing and feeding conditions (floor pens, 15 pens per gender, 5 birds per pen) during the starter (day 1 to 22) and grower period (day 22 to 36). Both the starter and grower diet based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and feed amino acids was formulated to ensure an equal feed protein quality close to the ideal amino acid ratio by adjusting a constant mixture of the feed proteins. At start of the experiment and further on weekly up to the end of the 5th week, 15 birds per gender (each 3 pens of 5 birds) were selected and fasted for 24 h, to emptying of gastro-intestinal tract, respectively. Subsequently, birds were euthanized and the feathers were manually removed. nitrogen (n) and AA content were determined both in the feather and feather-free body fraction. The concentration of individual AAs in both of body protein fraction is varying considerably. Explicitly higher Cys, Ser and Pro but importantly lower Met, Lys and His concentrations were found in the feather protein. Furthermore, significant differences (p for nearly all AAs of the studied body protein fractions and the whole empty body protein dependent on age of birds were observed. Especially high deviations were obtained during the first week of age and at the end of the experiment. According to this observed variation of AA concentrations must be concluded that the body AA composition of meat-type chickens during growth is not constant. The detected gender-specific differences for several AAs in the feather and body protein of male and female birds were rather low and with very low variation.

关键词： Growing Chickens Feather Amino Acids Body Amino Acids Age Gender

Diagnostic Capacity for Tuberculosis in Various Laboratories within Meru County, Kenya

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第4期7卷 238-245页

作者： David Mwenya nakitare Patrick Mutharia ndiba frank Onyambu Sarah Wandili School of Health Sciences Meru University of Science and Technology Meru Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Meru University of Science and Technology Meru Kenya

Background: The Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease reported a notification rate of 217/100,000 in Meru County. This study aimed at determining diagnostic capacity for tuberculosis in various medical laboratories within Meru County. Objective: To determine the diagnostic capacity for tuberculosis in various laboratories within Meru County. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey which utilized quantitative techniques to establish the potential and capacity of TB diagnostic laboratories in selected medical institutions. Observational checklist was used to determine essential requirements for sample processing. Data entry was done through use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Data analysis was done using Chi-square. Results: Results indicated that there was significant difference in laboratory diagnostic capacity at [χ2 (1 df, n = 26) = 18.49, p = 0.000 2 (1 df, n = 26) = 18.49, p = 0.000 Conclusion: Public operated laboratories had enhanced Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic capacity as compared to the private laboratories.

关键词： Diagnostic Capacity Tuberculosis

Impact of Chronicity on Outcomes Following Post-Hospital Residential Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Application of Multivariate Statistics and Rasch Analysis

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Open Journal of Statistics 2017年第2期7卷 254-263页

作者： frank D. Lewis Gordon J. Horn Robert Russell neuroRestorative Research Institute Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta USA neuroRestorative Research Institute College of Medicine Florida State University Orlando USA neuroRestorative Research Institute Benedictine University Carbondale USA

This study evaluated the impact of chronicity (onset of injury to admission in-terval) on three domains of functional outcomes for a large group of traumatic brain injured (TBI) survivors. Subjects included 528 TBI adults who were treated in post-hospital residential rehabilitation centers. Subjects were assigned to one of three chronicity groups: 1) Early Interval (EI), 2.00 - 8.00 months n = 245, 2) Mid Interval (MI), 8.01 - 24.00 months n = 129, and (3) Late Interval (LI), 24.01 months and greater n = 154. Functional status was assessed with the MPAI-4. RM MAnCOVA was applied to evaluate differences among groups from admission to discharge. Rasch analysis demonstrated satisfactory construct validity and internal consistency (Person reliability = 0.90 - 0.94, Item reliability = 0.99) for the admission and discharge MPAI-4s. Controlling for LOS and age, the RM MAnCOVA revealed that each chronicity group showed significant improvement in MPAI-4 abilities, adjustment, and participation indices from admission to discharge (p nt observed from admission to discharge was the greatest among the EI group (p nstrated the utility of multivariate statistical approaches for understanding the complexities of TBI treatment outcomes. As measured across three domains of functioning, rehabilitation was effective in reducing disability for participants in each chronicity group. Of the three groups, EI participants presented as the most disabled at admission but also made the greatest gains when assessed at discharge.

关键词： TBI Multivariate Analysis Chronicity Outcome Post-Hospital Rehabilitation MPAI-4 Raschanalysis Functional Assessment

Critically ill patients with cancer: A clinical perspective

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020年第10期11卷 809-835页

作者： frank Daniel Martos-Benítez Caridad de Dios Soler-Morejón Karla Ximena Lara-Ponce Versis Orama-Requejo DailéBurgos-Aragüez Hilev Larrondo-Muguercia Rahim W Lespoir Intensive Care Unit 8B Hermanos Ameijeiras HospitalHavana 10300Cuba

Cancer patients account for 15%of all admissions to intensive care unit(ICU)and 5%will experience a critical illness resulting in ICU *** rates have decreased during the last decades because of new anticancer therapies and advanced organ support *** early critical care and organ support is associated with improved survival,timely identification of the onset of clinical signs indicating critical illness is crucial to avoid *** article focused on relevant and current information on epidemiology,diagnosis,and treatment of the main clinical disorders experienced by critically ill cancer patients.

关键词： Acute respiratory failure Cancer Cardiotoxicity Chemotherapy Critical care Infection Mechanical ventilation neutropenia Postoperative Sepsis

Transcomplementation, but not Physical Association of the CC-nB-ARC and LRR Domains of Tomato R Protein Mi-1.2 is Altered by Mutations in the ARC2 Subdomain

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Molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 401-410页

作者： Gerben van Ooijen Gabriele Mayr Mario Albrecht Ben J. C. Cornelissen.frank L.W. Takken Plant Pathology Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam PO Box 94062 1090 GB Amsterdam the Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Informatics Stuhlsatzenhausweg 85 66123 Saarbrücken Germany

Race-specific disease resistance in plants is mediated by Resistance （R） proteins that recognize pathogen at- tack and initiate defence responses. Most R proteins contain a central nB-ARC domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat （LRR） domain. We analyzed the intramolecular interaction of the LRR domain of tomato R protein Mi-1.2 with its n- terminus. We expressed the CC-nB-ARC and LRR parts in trans and analyzed functional transcomplementation and physical interactions. We show that these domains functionally transcomplement when expressed in trans. Known autoactivating LRR domain swaps were found to induce a hypersensitive response （HR） upon co-expression. Likewise, autoactivating mutants in the nB subdomain transcomplemented to induce HR. Point mutations in the ARC2 subdomain that induce strong autoactivation in the full-length Mi-1.2 protein, however, fail to induce HR in the transcomplementation assay, These data indicate distinct functions for the nB-ARC subdomains in induction of HR signalling. Furthermore, dissociation of the LRR is not required to release its negative regulation, as in all combinations of CC-nB-ARC and LRR domains tested, a physical interaction was observed.

关键词：艾滋病相关复合征蛋白质类番茄基因亮氨酸社会控制正式心肌梗死胰岛素

Alanine Transaminase Individual Variation Is a Better Marker than Socio-Cultural Factors for Body Mass Increase in Healthy Males

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2011年第10期2卷 1054-1062页

作者： Maciej Henneberg frank J. Rühli Philipp Gruber Ulrich Woitek 不详

Overweight and obesity are considered a major burden on public health in developed countries. Underlying etiologies are enigmatic and metabolic causes have been suggested to various extents before. We analyze links of major blood parameters to individual body mass in a young male cohort, controlling for socio-cultural factors, in order to explore an underlying metabolic cause of obesity. Anthropometric (height, weight) physiologic (blood pressure) and metabolic data (total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, creatinine, postprandial glucose, blood cell counts, haemoglobin) of Swiss conscripts (n = 46,684;18 - 20 yrs old;2005-2007 census) were examined in the context of their socio-cultural groupings (occupation, mother tongue, religion) by AnOVA and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Swiss Armed Forces recruiting is mandatory, thus each year’s group studied reflects more than 80% of a year’s male Swiss citizen birth cohort. Individual body mass index ranged from 19 kg/m2 (5th percentile) to 29 kg/m2 (95th percentile) with a median of 22 kg/m2. BMI increases significantly, even within its normal range (18.5 - 25 kg/m2) with increases in alanine transaminase (r2 = 0.10), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.08) and erythrocyte counts (r2 = 0.02). All other parameters, including socio-cultural categories, explain individually 1% or less of total BMI variation. Glucose values do not correlate with BMI significantly, thus suggesting a specific metabolic co-etiology of individual mass increases. There may occur a biochemical anomaly in liver metabolism that underlies development of the metabolic syndrome later in life. Were it so, pharmacological intervention rather than just diet and exercise regime could be more effective treatment of obesity.

关键词： Switzerland Young Men Conscripts Obesity Language

SEnSITIVITY OF HURRICAnE InTEnSITY AnD STRUCTURE TO TWO TYPES OF PLAnETARY BOUnDARY LAYER PARAMETERIZATIOn SCHEMES In IDEALIZED HWRF SIMULATIOnS

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第4期7卷 201-211页

作者： JIE TAnG JUn A.ZHAnG CHAnH KIEU frank D.MARKS Shanghai Typhoon Institute nOAA/AOML Hurricane Research Division University of Miami Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies Indiana University Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

This paper investigates the sensitivity of simulated hurricane intensity and structure to two planetary boundary layer(PBL) schemes in the Hurricane Weather and Research Forecast model including 1) the GFS scheme(control run) that uses the K-profile method to parameterize turbulent fluxes, and 2) the MYJ scheme that is based on turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) budget for turbulent closure. Idealized simulations with these two PBL schemes show that the storm in the TKE run is stronger than that in the control run after three days into simulation. Multi-scale structures are evaluated and compared between the control and the TKE runs prior to the divergence of the model-simulated intensity to elucidate the mechanism underlying such a difference in the intensity between the two runs. It is found that the storm in the TKE run has i) a shallower boundary layer with a stronger PBL inflow, ii) stronger boundary layer convergence closer to the storm center, iii) higher vorticity and inertial stability inside the RMW; iv) stronger and deeper updrafts in regions further inward from the radius of maximum wind(RMW), and v) more convective bursts located near the RMW as compared to the control run. Angular momentum budget analysis suggests that the convergence of angular momentum in the boundary layer is much stronger in the TKE run than in the control run, which is responsible for faster spin-up of the hurricane vortex in the TKE run.

关键词： hurricane intensity structure boundary layer parameterization scheme

Double-balloon-enteroscopy-based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in post-surgical patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第18期17卷 2302-2314页

作者： Martin Raithel Harald Dormann Andreas naegel frank Boxberger Eckhart G Hahn Markus F neurath Juergen Maiss Department of Medicine 1 University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Emergency Unit City Hospital Fürth Dean of the University Witten-Herdecke

AIM: To evaluate double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in post-surgical patients to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and interventions. METHODS: In 37 post-surgical patients, a stepwise approach was performed to reach normal papilla or enteral anastomoses of the biliary tract/pancreas. When conventional endoscopy failed, DBE-based ERCP was performed and standard parameters for DBE, ERCP and interventions were recorded. RESULTS: Push-enteroscopy (overall, 16 procedures) reached enteral anastomoses only in six out of 37 post-surgical patients (16.2%). DBE achieved a high rate of luminal access to the biliary tract in 23 of the remaining 31 patients (74.1%) and to the pancreatic duct (three patients). Among all DBE-based ERCPs (86 procedures), 21/23 patients (91.3%) were successfully treated. Interventions included ostium incision or papillotomy in 6/23 (26%) and 7/23 patients (30.4%), respectively. Biliary endoprosthesis insertion and regular exchange was achieved in 17/23 (73.9%) and 7/23 patients (30.4%), respectively. Furthermore, bile duct stone extraction as well as ostium and papillary dilation were performed in 5/23 (21.7%) and 3/23 patients (13.0%), respectively. Complications during DBE-based procedures were bleeding (1.1%), perforation (2.3%) and pancreatitis (2.3%), and minor complications occurred in up to 19.1%. COnCLUSIOn: The appropriate use of DBE yields a high rate of luminal access to papilla or enteral anastomoses in more than two-thirds of post-surgical patients, allowing important successful endoscopic therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Double balloon enteroscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Choledochojejunostomy Hepaticojejunostomy Pancreaticojejunostomy Percutaneous cholangiodrainage

Preserved liver regeneration capacity after partial hepatectomy in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 8-21页

作者： David Haldrup Sara Heeboll Karen Louise Thomsen Kasper Jarlhelt Andersen Michelle Meier frank Viborg Mortensen Jens Randel nyengaard Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit Henning Gronbaek Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus C DK-8000Denmark Department of Internal Medicine Randers Regional HospitalRanders NO DK-8930Denmark Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus C DK-8000Denmark Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced BioimagingAarhus University HospitalAarhus C DK-8000Denmark Institute of Pathology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus C DK-8000Denmark

AIM To evaluate the liver regeneration capacity(LRC) after partial hepatectomy(PH) in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(nASH).METHODS Fifty-four female rats were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet(HFCD, 65% fat, 1% cholesterol) or standard diet(STD) for 16 wk. A 70% PH was performed and the animals were euthanised before PH or 2 or 5 d postPH. LRC was evaluated using: The total number of Ki-67 positive hepatocytes in the caudate lobe, n(Ki-67, lobe) evaluated in a stereology-based design, the regenerated protein ratio(RPR), prothrombin-proconvertin ratio(PP), and m RnA expression of genes related to *** The HFCD nASH model showed significant steatosis with ballooning and inflammation, while no fibrosis was present. Mortality was similar in HFCD and STD animals following PH. HFCD groups were compared to respective STD groups and HFCD animals had a significantly elevated alanine transaminase at baseline(P nificantly elevated bilirubin at day 2 after PH(P nimals had a higher n(Ki-67, lobe) at baseline,(P nd day 5 after PH(P nd no significant difference in RPR or PP neither 2 or 5 d post-PH. Expression of liver regeneration genes(e.g., hepatic growth factor) was higher at both day 2 and 5 post-PH in HFCD groups(P nCLUSIOn nASH rats had a preserved LRC after hepatectomy when compared to STD rats. The methods and models of nASH are essential in understanding and evaluating LRC.

关键词： Rat non-alcoholic fatty liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver regeneration Hepatectomy Ki-67 Gene expression