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Collimated quasi-monochromatic beams of accelerated electrons in the interaction of a weak-contrast intense femtosecond laser pulse with a metal foil

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： Yu.A.Malkov A.n.Stepanov D.A.Yashunin L.P.Pugachev P.R.Levashov n.e.andreev K.Yu.Platonov A.A.andreev Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Ulyanova 46 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia Joint Institute of High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Izhorskaya ul. 13 125412 Moscow Russia Federal State Unitary enterprise ‘‘Scientific and Industrial Corporation ‘Vavilov State Optical Institute’’’ Birzhevay liniya 12 St 199034 Petersburg Russia

We demonstrated experimentally the formation of monoenergetic beams of accelerated electrons by focusing femtosecond laser radiation with an intensity of 2×1017W/cm2onto the edge of an aluminum *** electrons had energy distributions peaking in the 0.2–0.8 MeV range with energy spread less than 20%.The acceleration mechanism related to the generation of a plasma wave as a result of self-modulation instability of a laser pulse in a dense plasma formed by a prepulse(arriving 12 ns before the main pulse)is ***-dimensional and two-dimensional Particle in Cell(PIC)simulations of the laser–plasma interaction showed that effective excitation of a plasma wave as well as trapping and acceleration of an electron beam with an energy on the order of 1 MeV may occur in the presence of sharp gradients in plasma density and in the temporal shape of the pulse.

关键词： acceleration of electrons femtosecond laser radiation plasma wave self-modulation instability

Transient electromagnetic fields generated in experiments at the PHeLIX laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2021年第4期9卷 212-225页

作者： M.Scisciò F.Consoli M.Salvadori n.e.andreev n.G.Borisenko S.Zähter O.Rosmej eneA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department00044 FrascatiItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences125412 MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(national Research University) 141701 MoscowRussia P.n.Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences119991 MoscowRussia GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 64291 DarmstadtGermany Goethe University Frankfurt 60438 Frankfurt am MainGermany

Large-amplitude electromagnetic radiofrequency fields are created by the charge-separation induced in interactions of high-intensity,short-pulse lasers with solid targets and have intensity that decreases with the distance from the ***,it was experimentally proved very recently that charged particles emitted by petawatt laser±target interactions can be deposited on a capacitor-collector structure,far away from the target,and lead to the rapid(nanosecond-scale)generation of large quasi-static electric fields(MV/m),over wide *** demonstrate here the generation of both these fields in experiments at the PHeLIX laser facility,with approximately 20 J energy and approximately 10^(19)W/cm^(2)intensity,for picoseconds laser pulses,interacting with pre-ionized polymer foams of near critical ***-static fields,up to tens of k V/m,were here observed at distances larger than 1 m from the target,with results much higher than the radiofrequency *** is of primary importance for inertial-confinement fusion and laser±plasma acceleration and also for promising applications in different scenarios.

关键词： electromagnetic pulse mitigation electromagnetic pulses laser-driven acceleration laser-plasma

Characterization of bright betatron radiation generated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in plasma of near critical density

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第2期9卷 26-35页

作者： J.Cikhardt M.Gyrdymov S.Zähter P.Tavana M.M.Günther n.Bukharskii n.Borisenko J.Jacoby X.F.Shen A.Pukhov n.e.andreev O.n.Rosmej Faculty of electrical engineering Czech Technical University in Prague16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany Focused energy GmbH Im Tiefen See 4564293 DarmstadtGermany national Research nuclear University MePhI Kashirskoe shosse 31115409 MoscowRussian Federation Lebedev Physical Institute RAS Leninskiy Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussian Federation Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1DüsseldorfGermany Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya st.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussian Federation Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyRussia

Directed x-rays produced in the interaction of sub-picosecond laser pulses of moderate relativistic intensity with plasma of near-critical density are investigated. Synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation occurs in the process of direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in a relativisticlaser channel when the electrons undergo transverse betatron oscillations in self-generated quasi-static electric and magnetic fields. In anexperiment at the PHeLIX laser system, high-current directed beams of DLA electrons with a mean energy ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential and maximum energy up to 100 MeV were measured at 10^(19) W/cm^(2)laser intensity. The spectrum of directed x-raysin the range of 5–60 keV was evaluated using two sets of Ross filters placed at 0°and 10°to the laser pulse propagation axis. The differential x-ray absorption method allowed for absolute measurements of the angular-dependent photon fluence. We report 10^(13) photons/sr withenergies >5 keV measured at 0°to the laser axis and a brilliance of 10^(21) photons s^(−1) mm^(−2) mrad−2(0.1%BW)−1. The angular distributionof the emission has an FWHM of 14°–16°. Thanks to the ultra-high photon fluence, point-like radiation source, and ultra-short emissiontime, DLA-based keV backlighters are promising for various applications in high-energy-density research with kilojoule petawatt-class laserfacilities.

关键词： laser acceleration critical

Bright betatron radiation from direct-laseraccelerated electrons at moderate relativistic laser intensity

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2021年第4期6卷 10-17页

作者： O.n.Rosmej X.F.Shen A.Pukhov L.Antonelli F.Barbato M.Gyrdymov M.M.Gunther S.Zahter V.S.Popov n.G.Borisenko n.e.andreev GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße164291 DarmstadtGermany Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Straße 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen fur FAIR(HFHF) Campus Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Straße 1260438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Universitatsstraße 1DusseldorfGermany York Plasma Institute University of YorkChurch LaneHeslingtonYork YO105DQUnited Kingdom University of Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASIzhorskaya St.13Bldg.2125412 MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(State University) Institutskiy Pereulok 9141700 DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia P.n.Lebedev Physical Institute RASLeninsky Prospekt 53119991 MoscowRussia

Direct laser acceleration(DLA)of electrons in a plasma of near-critical electron density(nCD)and the associated synchrotron-like radiation are discussed for moderate relativistic laser intensity(normalized laser amplitude a0≤4.3)and ps length *** regime is typical of kJ PW-class laser facilities designed for high-energy-density(HeD)*** experiments at the PHeLIX facility,it has been demonstrated that interaction of a 1019 W/cm2 sub-ps laser pulse with a sub-mm length nCD plasma results in the generation of high-current well-directed superponderomotive electrons with an effective temperature ten times higher than the ponderomotive potential[Rosmej et al.,Plasma *** Fusion 62,115024(2020)].Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations provide good agreement with the measured electron energy distribution and are used in the current work to study synchrotron radiation from the DLA-accelerated *** resulting x-ray spectrum with a critical energy of 5 keV reveals an ultrahigh photon number of 731011 in the 1–30 keV photon energy range at the focused laser energy of 20 *** simulations of betatron x-ray phase contrast imaging based on the DLA process for the parameters of a PHeLIX laser are *** results are of interest for applications in HeD experiments,which require a ps x-ray pulse and a high photon flux.

关键词： intensity relativistic critical

Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for ion characterization in laser-driven experiments

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2022年第1期10卷 53-63页

作者： M.Salvadori G.Di Giorgio M.Cipriani M.Sciscio C.Verona P.L.Andreoli G.Cristofari R.De Angelis M.Pillon n.e.andreev P.Antici n.G.Borisenko D.Giulietti M.Migliorati O.Rosmej S.Zahter F.Consoli Fusion and nuclear Safety Department ENEAFrascatiItaly InRS-eMT VarennesQCCanada Industrial engineering Department University of Rome"Tor Vergata"RomeItaly Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscowRussia P.n.Lebedev Physical Institute RASMoscowRussia Department of Physics University of PisaPisaItaly InFn of Pisa PisaItaly University of Rome“La Sapienza” RomeItaly InFn of Rome RomeItaly GSI Helmotzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Goethe University Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany

The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter ***,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(eMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its *** this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high eMP *** we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at eneA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm *** tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion *** detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHeLIX laser facility(e_(L)~100 J,τ_(L)=750 fs,I_(L)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GSI(Germany).The high rejection to eMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.

关键词： diamond detector ion diagnostics laser-matter interaction time of flight

Major Trends in Population Growth Around the World

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China CDC weekly 2021年第28期3卷 604-613页

作者： Danan Gu Kirill andreev Matthew e.Dupre United nations Population Division New YorkUSA Department of Population Health Sciences&Department of Sociology Duke UniversityNorth CarolinaUSA

Summary The world’s population continues to grow,albeit at a slower *** decelerating growth is mainly attributable to fertility declines in a growing number of ***,there are substantial variations in the future trends of populations across regions and countries,with sub-Saharan African countries being projected to have most of the increase.

关键词： Population Growth fertility

Vagus nerve stimulation in intracerebral hemorrhage:the need for further research

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3213-3214页

作者： Sheharyar S.Baig Ali n.Ali Arshad Majid Sheffield Institute for Translational neuroscience Division of NeuroscienceThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Vagus nerve stimulation(VnS)and stroke:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide(Baig et al.,2023).There have been significant paradigm shifts in the management of acute ischemic stroke through mechanical *** chronic ischemic stroke,invasive VnS paired with rehabilitation is associated with a significant increase in upper limb motor recovery and is FDA-approved(Baig et al.,2023).There are no treatments of similar efficacy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)where several promising trials,e.g.,TICH-2,STOP-AUST,and TRAIGe did not show improvements in functional outcomes(Puy et al.,2023).

关键词： stimulation acute

neCAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno Michael K.e.Schafer Sudena Wang Michael J.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The n-terminal eF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(neCAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one eF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. neCAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. neCAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while neCAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. neCAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: neCAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, neCAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and neCAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in neCAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of neCAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the eF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium eF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA national Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/GLAST eAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma