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characterization of hot electrons generated by laser-plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 74-89页

作者： E.D.Filippov M.Khan A.Tentori P.Gajdos A.S.Martynenko R.Dudzak P.Koester G.Zeraouli D.Mancelli F.Baffigi L.A.Gizzi S.A.Pikuz Ph.D.nicolaï n.c.woolsey R.Fedosejevs M.Krus L.Juha D.Batani O.Renner G.cristoforetti Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS Moscow 125412Russia York Plasma Institute School of PhysicsEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalence 33405France Institute of Plasma Physics of the cAS PragueCzech Republic Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung64291 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics of the cAS PragueCzech Republic Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRPisa 56124Italy centro de Laseres Pulsados(cLPU) Edicio M5Parque Científico.C Adaja8Salamanca 37185Spain Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers-IPPL Centre of Research and InnovationHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnonGreece Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaGreece national Research nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2V4AlbertaCanada The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIc ELI Beamlines FacilityDolníBˇrezanyCzech Republic

In an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System at laser intensities relevant to shock ignition conditions(I>10^(16) W/cm^(2)),the heating and transport of hot electrons were studied by using several complementary diagnostics,i.e.,K_(α)time-resolved imaging,hard x-ray filtering(a bremsstrahlung cannon),and electron spectroscopy.Ablators with differing composition from low Z(parylene n)to high Z(nickel)were used in multilayer planar targets to produce plasmas with different coronal temperature and collisionality and modify the conditions of hot-electron generation.The variety of available diagnostics allowed full characterization of the population of hot electrons,retrieving their conversion efficiency,time generation and duration,temperature,and angular divergence.The obtained results are shown to be consistent with those from detailed simulations and similar inertial confinement fusion experiments.Based on the measured data,the advantages,reliability,and complementarity of the experimental diagnostics are discussed.

关键词： spectroscopy shock allowed

Observation and modelling of stimulated Raman scattering driven by an optically smoothed laser beam in experimental conditions relevant for shock ignition

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 160-178页

作者： G.cristoforetti S.Hüller P.Koester L.Antonelli S.Atzeni F.Baffigi D.Batani c.Baird n.Booth M.Galimberti K.Glize A.Héron M.Khan P.Loiseau D.Mancelli M.notley P.Oliveira O.Renner M.Smid A.Schiavi G.Tran n.c.woolsey L.A.Gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRINO-CNR56124 PisaItaly centre de Physique Théorique cPHT CNRSIP ParisEcole Polytechnique91128 PalaiseauFrance York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK Dipartimento SBAI Universitàdi Roma'La Sapienza'00161 RomaItaly Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIA33405 TalenceFrance STFc Rutherford Appleton Lab Central Laser FacilityDidcot SN21SZUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China cEA DAMDIF91297 ArpajonFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyeres-le-ChatelFrance Institute of Physics ELI BeamlinesInstitute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences18221 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany

We report results and modelling of an experiment performed at the Target Area West Vulcan laser facility,aimed at investigating laser±plasma interaction in conditions that are of interest for the shock ignition scheme in inertial confinement fusion(IcF),that is,laser intensity higher than 10^(16) W/cm^(2) impinging on a hot(T>1 keV),inhomogeneous and long scalelength pre-formed plasma.Measurements show a significant stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)backscattering(;%-20%of laser energy)driven at low plasma densities and no signatures of two-plasmon decay(TPD)/SRS driven at the quarter critical density region.Results are satisfactorily reproduced by an analytical model accounting for the convective SRS growth in independent laser speckles,in conditions where the reflectivity is dominated by the contribution from the most intense speckles,where SRS becomes saturated.Analytical and kinetic simulations well reproduce the onset of SRS at low plasma densities in a regime strongly affected by non-linear Landau damping and by filamentation of the most intense laser speckles.The absence of TPD/SRS at higher densities is explained by pump depletion and plasma smoothing driven by filamentation.The prevalence of laser coupling in the low-density profile justifies the low temperature measured for hot electrons(7-12 keV),which is well reproduced by numerical simulations.

关键词： plasma simulations shock ignition stimulated Raman scattering inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction

EMP control and characterization on high-power laser systems

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 55-62页

作者： P.Bradford n.c.woolsey G.G.Scott G.Liao H.Liu Y.Zhang B.Zhu c.Armstrong S.Astbury c.Brenner P.Brummitt F.consoli I.East R.Gray D.Haddock E Huggard E J.R.Jones E.Montgomery I.Musgrave E Oliveira D.R.Rusby c.Spindloe B.Summers E.Zemaityte Z.Zhang Y.Li P.McKenna D.neely Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DDUK central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education)and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Beijing national Laboratory for condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK EnEA-c.R.Frascati-Dipartimento FSn Via E.Fermi 4500044 FrascatiItaly Space Science Department STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK

Giant electromagnetic pulses(EMP) generated during the interaction of high-power lasers with solid targets can seriously degrade electrical measurements and equipment. EMP emission is caused by the acceleration of hot electrons inside the target, which produce radiation across a wide band from Dc to terahertz frequencies. Improved understanding and control of EMP is vital as we enter a new era of high repetition rate, high intensity lasers(e.g. the Extreme Light Infrastructure).We present recent data from the VULcAn laser facility that demonstrates how EMP can be readily and effectively reduced. characterization of the EMP was achieved using B-dot and D-dot probes that took measurements for a range of different target and laser parameters. We demonstrate that target stalk geometry, material composition, geodesic path length and foil surface area can all play a significant role in the reduction of EMP. A combination of electromagnetic wave and 3 D particle-in-cell simulations is used to inform our conclusions about the effects of stalk geometry on EMP,providing an opportunity for comparison with existing charge separation models.

关键词： high energy density physics high-power laser related laser components laser plasmas interaction target design and fabrication

Reflection of intense laser light from microstructured targets as a potential diagnostic of laser focus and plasma temperature

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者： J.Jarrett M.King R.J.Gray n.neumann L.Dhl c.D.Baird T.Ebert M.Hesse A.Tebartz D.R.Rusby n.c.woolsey D.neely M.Roth P.McKenna Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Institut f¨ur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt York Plasma Institute University of York STFc-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Institut fur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt

The spatial-intensity profile of light reflected during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a microstructured target is investigated experimentally and the potential to apply this as a diagnostic of the interaction physics is explored numerically. Diffraction and speckle patterns are measured in the specularly reflected light in the cases of targets with regular groove and needle-like structures, respectively, highlighting the potential to use this as a diagnostic of the evolving plasma surface. It is shown, via ray-tracing and numerical modelling, that for a laser focal spot diameter smaller than the periodicity of the target structure, the reflected light patterns can potentially be used to diagnose the degree of plasma expansion, and by extension the local plasma temperature, at the focus of the intense laser light. The reflected patterns could also be used to diagnose the size of the laser focal spot during a high-intensity interaction when using a regular structure with known spacing.

关键词： high power laser laser-solid interactions plasma temperature diagnosis

Proton deflectometry of a capacitor coil target along two axes

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 10-18页

作者： P.Bradford M.P.Read M.Ehret L.Antonelli M.Khan n.Booth K.Glize D.carroll R.J.clarke R.Heathcote S.Ryazantsev S.Pikuz c.Spindloe J.D.Moody B.B.Pollock V.T.Tikhonchuk c.P.Ridgers J.J.Santos n.c.woolsey York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK centre Lasers Intenses et Applications University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance Institut fur Kernphysik Tech.Univ.Darmstadt64289 DarmstadtGermany central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotSTFCUKRIOxfordshireUK Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscow 125412Russia national Research nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94551USA ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Radnicic 83525241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic

A developing application of laser-driven currents is the generation of magnetic fields of picosecond-nanosecond duration with magnitudes exceeding B=10 T.Single-loop and helical coil targets can direct laser-driven discharge currents along wires to generate spatially uniform,quasi-static magnetic fields on the millimetre scale.Here,we present proton deflectometry across two axes of a single-loop coil ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter.comparison with proton tracking simulations shows that measured magnetic fields are the result of kiloampere currents in the coil and electric charges distributed around the coil target.Using this dual-axis platform for proton deflectometry,robust measurements can be made of the evolution of magnetic fields in a capacitor coil target.

关键词： strong magnetic field laser-driven coil targets laser-plasma interaction proton deflectometry laboratory astrophysics

Early Phases of Star Formation: Testing chemical Tools

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 96-118页

作者： n.c.Martinez S.Paron cOnIcET-Universidad de Buenos Aires.Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio Ciudad Universitaria(C1428EGA)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

Star-forming processes strongly influence the ISM chemistry.nowadays,many high-quality databases are available at millimeter wavelengths.Using them,it is possible to carry out studies that review and deepen previous results.If these studies involve large samples of sources,it is preferred to use direct tools to study the molecular gas.With the aim of testing these tools such as the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a thermometer,and the use of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H as "chemical clocks," we present a molecular line study toward 55 sources representing massive young stellar objects at different evolutionary stages:infrared dark clouds(IRDcs),highmass protostellar objects(HMPOs),hot molecular cores(HMcs) and ultracompact H II regions.We found that the use of the Hcn/Hnc ratio as a universal thermometer in the ISM should be taken with care because the Hcn optical depth is a big issue that can affect the method.Hence,this tool should be utilized only after a careful analysis of the Hcn spectrum,checking that no line,neither the main nor the hyperfine ones,presents absorption features.We point out that the analysis of the emission of H^(13)cO^(+),Hc_(3)n,n_(2)H^(+) and c_(2)H could be useful to trace and distinguish regions among IRDcs,HMPOs and HMcs.The molecular line widths of these four species increase from the IRDc to the HMc stage,which can be a consequence of the gas dynamics related to the starforming processes taking place in the molecular clumps.Our results not only contribute with more statistics,acting as a probe of such chemical tools,useful to obtain information in large samples of sources,but also complement previous works through the analysis of other types of sources.

关键词： stars:formation ISM:molecules ISM:clouds

Airway management of a patient with linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis:A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2024年第13期12卷 2263-2268页

作者： Olga c nin Robert Hutnik neil n chheda David Hutchinson Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Otolaryngology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

BAcKGROUnD There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A(IgA)bullous dermatosis,a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the development of friable bullae.careful clinical decision making is necessary when there is a risk of bleeding into the airway,and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to decreased patient morbidity during these high-risk scenarios,especially when confronted with an unusual cause for bleeding.cASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old African American female presented to our ambulatory surgical center for right corneal transplantation due to corneal perforation after blunt trauma in the setting of cicatricial conjunctivitis and diffuse corneal neovascularization from linear IgA bullous dermatosis.The diagnosis of IgA dermatosis was recent,and the patient had been lost to follow-up.The severity of the disease and extent of airway involvement was unknown at the time of the surgery.Significant airway bleeding was noticed upon intubation and the otorhinolaryngology team had to be called to the operating room.The patient required transfer to the intensive care unit where a multidisciplinary team was involved in her case.The patient was extubated on postoperative day 4.cOncLUSIOn A multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease is the best course of action before a surgical procedure.In our case,key communication between the surgery,anesthesia,and dermatology teams led to the quick and safe treatment of our patient’s disease.Ambulatory surgery should not be considered for these cases unless they are in full remission and there is no mucous membrane involvement.

关键词： Airway management Bleeding risk Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis Multidisciplinary approach Outpatient procedure case report

Empirical model for fusion cross sections of ca-induced reactions

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chinese Physics c 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Rani.L n.Sowmya K.n Sridhar H c.Manjunatha M.M.Armstrong Arasu Department of Physics St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A new empirical formula for the astrophysical S-factor has been suggested as a function of the coulomb interaction parameter,center of mass energy,and barrier height.About 22 fusion reactions with ^(40,48)ca as projectiles were considered for different targets,leading to compound nuclei with atomic and mass numbers varying between 40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 and 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,respectively.The fusion cross-sections have been estimated using the geometric factor,the Gamow-Sommerfield factor,and the empirical formula for the S-factor.This study's findings showed better agreement with those of available experiments when compared to Wong's formula.The present work leads to a smaller standard deviation value than Wong's formula when used to correlate the experimental data of calcium-induced fusion reactions.Wong's formula provides a good approximation of fusion cross-sections when the center of mass energy is below the fusion barrier when compared to above the fusion barrier.

关键词： fusion cross-sections Wong formula Gamow-Sommerfield-factor Geometric-factor S-factor

Mathematical modeling and simulations of stress mitigation by coating polycrystalline particles in lithium-ion batteries

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第6期45卷 947-962页

作者： n.IQBAL J.cHOI S.F.SHAH c.LEE S.LEE Department of Mechanical Roboticsand Energy EngineeringDongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

A chemo-mechanical model is developed to investigate the effects on the stress development of the coating of polycrystalline ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x≥0.8)(nMc)particles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT).The simulation results show that the coating of primary nMc particles significantly reduces the stress generation by efficiently accommodating the volume change associated with the lithium diffusion,and the coating layer plays roles both as a cushion against the volume change and a channel for the lithium transport,promoting the lithium distribution across the secondary particles more homogeneously.Besides,the lower stiffness,higher ionic conductivity,and larger thickness of the coating layer improve the stress mitigation.This paper provides a mathematical framework for calculating the chemo-mechanical responses of anisotropic electrode materials and fundamental insights into how the coating of nMc active particles mitigates stress levels.

关键词： lithium-ion battery(LIB) polycrystalline particle coating finite element simulation ni-rich LinixMnyco_(z)O_(2)(x>0.8)(nMc)