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The 17th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

作者： K.Hahn B.V.Oliver M.D.Johnston S.Portillo D.J.Bittlestone G.Cooper J.McLean E.Schamiloglu n.bruner D.V.Rose D.R.Welch Sandia national Laboratories P.O.Box 5800AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1193 USA Atomic Weapons Establishment ReadingBerkshireRG7 4PRUnited Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.University of new Mexico MSC01 11001 University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001 USA Voss Scientific 420 Washington SEAlbuquerqueNM 87108 USA

＜正＞Intense electron beam-driven diodes are being developed for flash x-ray radiography at 7.5-12 MV on the RITS-6 accelerator at Sandia national *** of several diodes under investigation is the paraxial diode in which a 40-kA electron beam is formed in vacuum,propagated through a thin anode foil,and focused inside a gas-filled transport cell onto a high-atomic-number target to generate *** key objectives are to produce a small spot size,＜5 mm,and high forward-directed dose,＞600 R@1m. Particle-in-cell（PIC） simulations have shown that the primary limitation in spot size is the finite decay of the plasma return current which causes the beam focal position to sweep axially during the pulse,hence leading to an increased time-integrated spot size [1].Recently obtained time-resolved measurements of the spot size which support this hypothesis are *** of these results was aided by PIC simulations in which additional physical processes were included,such as stimulated ion emission from the foil and increasing area of cathode emission [2]. Other outstanding issues for the paraxial diode on RITS-6 are also presented which include electron power-flow coupling to the diode,cavity modes which may affect focusing,and gas-breakdown physics models. Measurements of dose,dose rate,time-integrated （and time- resolved） spot size,and current are reported from experimental results primarily at 7.5 ***-resolved images of the cathode emission are also presented.

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Effects of K and n nutrition on Function and Production of Ranunculus asiaticus

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Pedosphere 2011年第3期21卷 288-301页

作者： n.BERnSTEIn M.IOFFE G.LURIA M.bruner Y.nISHRI S.PHILOSOPH-HADAS S.SALIM I.DORI E.MATAn Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Science AROThe Volcani CenterPOB 6 Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce AROThe Volcani Center Havat Habsor R&D SouthMP Negev 4

Potassium （K） affects a range of physiological processes in the plant and is a key factor controlling crop productivity and yield quality. Little information is available concerning effects of K nutrition on function of cut flower plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the interaction between K and n nutrition, on flower quantity and quality of Ranunculus asiaticus L. The plants were supplied with three levels of K fertigation （60, 120, or 180 mg K L-1） under 50 mg n L-1 application, and at the intermediate level of 120 mg K L-1, to three levels of n applications （50, 100, or 150 mg n L-l）. The two lowest K treatments and the lowest n treatment excelled in flower production due to the lower incidence of stem-toppling, a disorder associated with localized Ca deficiencies in rapidly expanding tissues of the flower stem. Detrimental effects in terms of yield quality were apparent already under supply of 180 mg K L-1 and 50 mg n L-1, and were not associated with changes in osmotic potential, relative water content or membrane stability of the plant tissue, or with changes in mineral contents of the leaves other than reduced Ca under high n application. Our results suggest a low nutritional requirement of R. asiaticus L. for K and n, a lack of involvement of tissue water relations in the reduced flower quality under the application of high concentrations of K and n, and an induction of stem toppling under high application of n and K by reduced availability of Ca to the expanding tissue of the flower stem.

关键词： calcium cut-flower plant nutrition stem-topple

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Evaluation of a Suspended Personal Radiation Protection System vs. Conventional Apron and Shields in Clinical Interventional Procedures

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Open Journal of Radiology 2013年第3期3卷 143-151页

作者： Clare Savage Thomas M. Seale IV Cathryn J. Shaw bruner P. Angela Daniel Marichal Chet R. Rees Department of Radiology Medical Center Baylor University Dallas USA River City Imaging San Antonio USA

Purpose: This clinical study compares conventional lead aprons and ancillary shields to a functionally weightless personal overhead-supported system with expanded coverage. Materials and Methods: Primary operators performed procedures (n = 126, fluoroscopy minutes = 1209) using one of 2 methods of radiation protection and wearing dosimeters on multiple body locations. Method “LAS” (Lead-Apron+Shields): lead skirt, vest, thyroid shield, with 100% use of under-table shield, side shield, and mobile suspended lead-acrylic shield. Method “Zgrav”: ZeroGravity system (CFI Medical Solutions) with variable use of shielding. The studied early model moving with the operator had a curved lead-acrylic head shield (0.5 mm Pb) and expansive lead apron (0.5 - 1.0 mm Pb) that covered leg to distal calf and proximal arm to elbow, and a drape that permitted sterile entry and exit. Study was institutional review board approved and HIPPA-compliant. Results: Measured with a sensitive electronic dosimeter, eye exposures were 99% (P 0.001) reduced for Zgrav with upgraded face shield vs. LAS, regardless of use or non-use of suspended shield with Zgrav. With optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters, operator exposures, standardized to minutes of fluoroscopy and Fluoroscopic Patient Dose Area Product, were reduced by 87% - 100% for eye & head, neck, humerus, and tibia (Zgrav vs. LAS). Overall eye & head exposure reduction for entire study was 94%. non-equivalence of torso exposures was not demonstrated. A brief user survey showed ergonomic advantages of Zgrav. Conclusion: Compared to conventional lead aprons with shields, the suspended system provided superior operator protection during interventional fluoroscopy, allowing operators to perform procedures without potentially obstructive shields.

关键词： Radiation Protection Radiation Fluoroscopy

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