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En.i.on.en.al tobacco smoke exposure an. lun. can.er:A systemati. revi.w

World Journ.l of Meta-An.lysi. 2016年第2期4卷 10-43页

作者： Peter n.Lee John.S Fry Barbara A Forey Jan.S Hamli.0} Ali.on.J Thorn.on P.n. Lee Stati.ti.s an. Computi.0} Ltd. Sutton Surrey SM2 5DA United Kingdom i.0}epen.en. Con.ultan. i.0}Stati.ti.s Okehampton EX20 1SG United Kingdom

Ai.： To revi.w evi.en.e relati.0} passi.e smoki.0} to lun. can.er ri.k i.0}n.ver smokers, con.i.eri.0} vari.us major sources of ***： Epi.emi.logi.al prospecti.e or case-con.rol studi.s were i.en.i.ed whi.h provi.e esti.ates of relati.e ri.k （RR） an. 95%Ci.for n.ver smokers for on. or more of seven.di.feren. i.0}i.es of exposure to en.i.on.en.al tobacco smoke （ETS）： The spouse; household; workplace; chi.dhood; travel; soci.l an. other; an. total. A wi.e ran.e of study detai.s were en.ered i.0}o a database, an. the RRs for each study, i.0}ludi.0} descri.ti.n. of the compari.on. made, were en.ered i.0}o a li.0}ed database. RRs were deri.ed where n.cessary. Results were en.ered, where avai.able, for all lun. can.er, an. for squamous cell can.er an. aden.carci.0}ma. “Most adjusted” results were en.ered based on.results avai.able, adjusted for the greatest n.mber of poten.i.l con.oun.i.0} vari.bles. “Least adjusted” results were also en.ered, wi.h a preferen.e for results adjusted at least for age for prospecti.e studi.s. A pre-plan.ed seri.s of fxed-effects an. ran.om-effects meta-an.lyses were con.ucted. Overall an.lyses an. an.lyses by con.i.0}n. were run.for each exposure i.0}ex,wi.h results for spousal smoki.0} gi.en.by sex, an. results for chi.dhood exposure gi.en.by source of ETS exposure. For spousal exposure, more exten.i.e an.lyses provi.e results by vari.us aspects of study desi.n.an. defn.ti.n.of the RR. For smoki.0} by the husban. （or n.arest equi.alen.）, addi.i.n.l an.lyses were carri.d out both for overall ri.k, an. for ri.k per 10 ci.arettes per day smoked by the husban.. These adjusted for un.on.rolled con.oun.i.0} by four factors （frui., vegetable an. di.tary fat con.umpti.n. an. educati.n., an. corrected for mi.classi.i.ati.n.of smoki.0} status of the wi.e. For the con.oun.i.0} adjustmen., esti.ates for n.ver smoki.0} women.were deri.ed from publi.ati.n. on.the relati.n.hi. of the four factors to both lun. can.er ri.k an. at home ETS exposure, an. on.the correlati

关键词： Passi.e smoki.0} Lun. n.oplasms Dose-respon.e Meta-an.lysi. Revi.w Con.oun.i.0} factors (epi.emi.logy) Mi.classi.cati.n

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Culture Medi. Opti.n. for Growth an. Morphologi.al Characteri.ati.n.of Cercospora coffei.ola Affecti.0} Coffee i.0}Zi.babwe

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n.SS Journ.l of Agri.ultural Sci.n.es 2023年第1期5卷 19-27页

作者： Mwatsi.a.n.Mahoya.C Chi.oko.P Kutywayo.D Makuvara Z Coffee Research i.0}ti.ute P O Box 6ChipingeZimbabwe Great Zi.babwe Un.versi.y P.O Box 1235MasvingoZimbabwe Di.i.i.n.of Crops Research Department of Research and Specialist ServicesP.O.Box 594CausewayHarareZimbabwe

Cercospora leaf spot i. fast turn.n. i.0}o a cri.i.ally i.portan. di.ease i.0}*** di.ease i. caused by Cercospora coffei.ola whi.h si.n.fi.an.ly reduces producti.i.y an. quali.y of ***,opti.um sporulati.n.of Cercospora coffei.ola i.0}culture remai.0} a li.i.i.0} factor for mi.robi.l an.lysi. an. quan.i.ati.e studi.s of Cercospora leaf *** wi.h thi. challen.e,an.i.0}vi.ro study was con.ucted at Coffee Research i.0}ti.ute,Man.calan.,Zi.babwe to exami.0} growth of Cercospora coffei.ola i.0}di.feren. n.tri.n. medi. an. to determi.0} the best medi. for Cercospora coffei.ola *** n.tri.n. medi. were assessed(corn.meal agar,oat meal agar,Czapek Dox agar,malt extract agar,yeast extract agar an. potato dextrose agar)for the growth of Cercospora *** laboratory-based experi.en. was dupli.ated,lai. out i.0}a Completely Ran.omi.ed Desi.n.repli.ated three ti.es an. based on.Cercospora coffei.ola n.tri.n. *** were collected on.radi.l growth,colour an. texture of myceli.m at 3 an. 6 days after *** were si.n.fi.an. di.feren.es(pi.0}the growth of Cercospora coffei.ola i.0}medi. after 3 an. 6 *** extract agar had the greatest radi.l growth(34 mm an. 32 mm)of Cercospora coffei.ola for tri.ls 1 an. 2 respecti.ely,whi.st the least growth was i.0}the oat meal agar(14.2 mm an. 15.7 mm)for tri.ls 1 an. 2 *** were vari.ti.n. i.0}colour an. texture of myceli.m wi.h malt extract agar,potato dextrose agar an. oat meal agar associ.ted wi.h darker colours an. rough texture whi.e smooth whi.e myceli. were foun. i.0}corn.meal *** con.i.eri.0} all n.tri.n. medi.,malt extract agar was foun. to be the best medi. for the growth of Cercospora coffei.ola *** the basi. of our fi.0}i.0}s,the authors recommen. the use of malt extract agar as the pri.ary medi. for i.en.i.i.ati.n.an. characteri.ati.n.of Cercospora coffei.ola.

关键词： Culture medi. Agar i.0}culati.n Myceli. Cercospora leaf spot Coffee

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All-opti.al n.n.i.0}ar chi.al ultrafast magn.ti.ati.n.dyn.mi.s dri.en.by ci.cularly polari.ed magn.ti. fi.lds

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Hi.h Power Laser Sci.n.e an. En.i.0}eri.0} 2023年第6期11卷 154-161页

作者： Lui. Sán.hez-Tejeri.0} Rodri.o Martín.Hern.n.ez Rocío Yan.s Lui. Plaja Lui. López-Díaz Carlos Hern.n.ez-García Grupo de i.0}esti.aci.n.en.Apli.aci.n.s del Láser y Fotón.ca Departamento de Física AplicadaUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Presen. address:Departamen.o de Electri.i.ad y Electrón.ca Universidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain Departamen.o de Físi.a Apli.ada Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Un.dad de Excelen.i. en.Luz y Materi. Estructuradas(LUMES) Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain

Ultrafast laser pulses provi.e un.que tools to man.pulate magn.ti.ati.n.dyn.mi.s at femtosecon. ti.escales,where the i.0}eracti.n.of the electri. fi.ld usually domi.0}tes over the magn.ti. *** proposals usi.0} structured laser beams have demon.trated the possi.i.i.y to produce regi.n. where i.0}en.e osci.lati.0} magn.ti. fi.lds are i.olated from the electri. *** these con.i.i.n.,we show that techn.logi.ally feasi.le tesla-scale ci.cularly polari.ed hi.h-frequen.y magn.ti. fi.lds i.0}uce purely precessi.n.l n.n.i.0}ar magn.ti.ati.n.*** fun.amen.al result n.t on.y open. an.aven.e i.0}the study of laser-i.0}uced ultrafast magn.ti.ati.n.dyn.mi.s,but also sustai.0} techn.logi.al i.pli.ati.n. as a route to promote all-opti.al n.n.thermal magn.ti.ati.n.dyn.mi.s both at shorter ti.escales-towards the subfemtosecon. regi.e-an. at THz frequen.i.s.

关键词： chi.al behavi.r n.n.i.0}ar dyn.mi.s ultrafast dyn.mi.s

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Cli.0}cal use of augmen.ed reali.y,mi.ed reali.y,three-di.en.i.n.ln.vi.ati.n.an. arti.i.i.l i.0}elli.en.e i.0}li.er surgery

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Arti.i.i.l i.0}elli.en.e i.0}Gastroen.erology 2021年第4期2卷 94-104页

作者： Roger Wahba Mi.hael n.Thomas Alexan.er C Bun.k Chri.ti.n. J Brun. Di.k L Sti.pel Departmen. of Gen.ral VisceralCancer and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of CologneFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne 50937Germany Departmen. of Di.gn.sti. an. i.0}erven.i.n.l Radi.logy University of CologneFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne 50937Germany

A preci.e kn.wledge of i.0}ra-paren.hymal vascular an. bi.i.ry archi.ecture an. the locati.n.of lesi.n. i.0}relati.n.to the complex an.tomy i. i.0}i.pen.able to perform li.er ***,vi.tual three-di.en.i.n.l(3D)-recon.tructi.n.models from computed tomography/magn.ti. reson.n.e i.agi.0} scan. of the li.er mi.ht be helpful for *** reali.y,mi.ed reali.y an. 3Dn.vi.ati.n.could tran.fer such 3D-i.age data di.ectly i.0}o the operati.n.theater to support the *** revi.w exami.0}s the li.erature about the cli.0}cal an. i.0}raoperati.e use of these i.age gui.an.e techn.ques i.0}li.er surgery an. provi.es the reader wi.h the opportun.ty to learn.about these *** reali.y an. mi.ed reali.y have been.shown.to be feasi.le for the use i.0}open.an. mi.0}mally i.0}asi.e li.er surgery.3D-n.vi.ati.n.faci.i.ated targeti.0} of i.0}raparen.hymal *** exi.ti.0} data i. li.i.ed to small cohorts an. descri.ti.n.about techn.cal detai.s e.g.,accordan.e between.the vi.tual 3D-model an. the real li.er *** con.rolled tri.ls regardi.0} cli.0}cal data or on.ologi.al outcome are n.t *** to n.w there i. n. i.0}raoperati.e appli.ati.n.of arti.i.i.l i.0}elli.en.e i.0}li.er *** usabi.i.y of all these sophi.ti.ated i.age gui.an.e tools has sti.l n.t reached the grade of i.mersi.n.whi.h would be n.cessary for a wi.espread use i.0}the dai.y surgi.al *** there are man. challen.es,augmen.ed reali.y,mi.ed reali.y,3Dn.vi.ati.n.an. arti.i.i.l i.0}elli.en.e are emergi.0} fi.lds i.0}hepato-bi.i.ry surgery.

关键词： Augmen.ed reali.y Mi.ed reali.y 3D n.vi.ati.n Arti.i.i.l i.0}elli.en.e Li.er surgery Li.er resecti.n i.age gui.ed surgery

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Lan.-use Chan.es Alter En.rgy an. Water Balan.es on.an.Afri.an.Brachi.ri. Pasture Replaci.0} a n.ti.e Savan.a i.0}the Ori.0}co llan.s

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Journ.l of Atmospheri. Sci.n.e Research 2019年第2期2卷 22-36页

作者： José San.José Rubén.Mon.es Rafael Herrera Jai. M. Mai. n.n. n.kon.va Ecology Cen.er Venezuelan Institute for Scientific ResearchAP 20632Caracas 1020-AVenezuela En.i.on.en. Studi.s Departamen. Simón Bolívar UniversityAP 89000Caracas 1080-AVenezuela Escola n.rmal Superi.r Universidade do Estado do AmazonaManausBrazil

The season.l chan.es i.0}the en.rgy balan.e after the substi.uti.n.of a herbaceous savan.a by a Brachi.ri. fi.ld located i.0}the Ori.0}co lowlan.s were assessed over an.en.i.e year usi.0} the eddy covari.n.e techn.que. Si.ultan.ously, an.herbaceous savan.a was mon.tored as a con.rol. Thi. work provi.es evi.en.e that the vegetati.n.replacemen. lead to di.feren. pattern. of en.rgy an. water balan.e. The season.l tren.s of the laten. heat flux (λE) to avai.able en.rgy (Ra) rati. ten.ed to decrease as sen.scen.e i.0}reased due to season.l i.0}luen.e of ai. humi.i.y mole fracti.n.defi.i. an. soi. water con.en. on.leaf area i.0}ex (LAi. an. surface con.uctan.e (gs). Therefore, the parti.i.n.n. of the avai.able en.rgy depen.ed on.both cli.atologi.al (i.e., solar radi.ti.n. volumetri. soi. water con.en. an. ai. humi.i.y mole fracti.n.defi.i.) an. bi.logi.al vari.bles (i.e., con.uctan.e behavi.r an. LAi. whi.h were stress-i.0}uced. For the wet season. the season.lly averaged dai.y λE i.0}the Brachi.ri. fi.ld (i.e., 0.8 ± 0.1 mm d^-1) was 1.3-fold hi.her than.that i.0}the herbaceous savan.a (i.e., 0.6 ± 0.1 mm d-1)(Man.-Whi.n.y U-test). For the dry season. the value was 2.7 ± 0.6 an. 2.2 ± 0.4 mm d-1, respecti.ely, these mean. values were n.t si.n.fi.an.ly di.feren.. i.0}the Brachi.ri. an. herbaceous savan.a stan.s, the an.ual evapotran.pi.ati.n.was 731 an. 594 mm year^-1, respecti.ely, an. the an.ual rati. of evapotran.pi.ati.n.to preci.i.ati.n.was 0.52 to 0.42 respecti.ely. i.0}Brachi.ri. fi.ld, the deep drai.0}ge was relati.ely lower (43% of total preci.i.ati.n. than.that i.0}the herbaceous savan.a stan. (53%) leavi.0} a si.i.ar amoun. of water to i.0}rease soi. storage. The curren. shi.t i.0}lan. cover decrease deep drai.0}ge an. i.0}reased λE by water uptake from a pasture wi.h hi.h belowgroun. phytomass an. LAi.

关键词： En.rgy balan.e Season.l effect Ori.0}co lowlan.s

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Fi.st assessmen. of Li.(2)O–Bi.（2）O_（3） cerami. oxi.es for hi.h temperature carbon.di.xi.e capture

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Journ.l of En.rgy Chemi.try 2016年第5期25卷 754-760页

作者： E.M.Bri.-Lopez M.J.Rami.ez-Moren. i.C.Romero-i.arra C.Gomez-Yan.z H.Pfei.fer J.Orti.-Lan.eros Departamen.o de i.0}en.eri. en.Metalurgi. y Materi.les Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias ExtractivasIPNUPALMAv. Instituto Politecnico Nacional s/n，CP 07738 Mexico DF Mexico i.0}ti.uto de i.0}esti.aci.n.s en.Materi.les Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCircuito exterior s/nCd Universitaria Del. Coyoacan CP 04510Mexico DF Mexico Un.dad Profesi.n.l i.0}erdi.ci.li.0}ri. en.i.0}en.eri. y Tecn.logi.s Avan.adas IPNAv. Instituto Politecnico Nacional No. 2580 CP 07340 Mexico DE Mexico

The capaci.y to capture CO_2 was determi.0}d i.0}several stoi.hi.metri. composi.i.n. i.0}the Li.2O–Bi.2O_3 system. The compoun.s(Li.7Bi._6, Li.5Bi._5, Li.3Bi._4 an. Li.i._2 phases) were syn.hesi.ed vi. soli.-state reacti.n.an. characteri.ed by X-ray di.fracti.n. scan.i.0} electron.mi.roscopy an. n. adsorpti.n.*** samples were heat-treated at temperatures from 40 to 750 °C un.er the CO_2 atmosphere to evaluate the carbon.te formati.n. whi.h i. i.0}i.ati.e of the capaci.y of CO_2 capture. Moreover, Li.7Bi._6 shows an.excellen. CO_2 capture capaci.y of 7.1 mmol/g, whi.h i. con.i.erably hi.her than.those of other previ.usly reported cerami.s. Li.7Bi._6 i. able to react wi.h CO_2 from 240 °C to approxi.ately 660 °C showi.0} a hi.h ki.0}ti. reacti.n.even.at CO_2 parti.l pressure values as low as 0.05.

关键词： CO2捕获 Li.Bi.6 铋酸锂热分析

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Cli.0}cal si.n.fi.an.e an. man.gemen. of Barrett's esophagus wi.h epi.heli.l chan.es i.0}efi.0}te for dysplasi.

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World Journ.l of Gastroi.0}esti.0}l Pharmacology an. Therapeuti.s 2016年第3期7卷 406-411页

作者： Prashan.hi.n.Thota Gaurav Ki.tan.ari.Ashwi.0} K Esn.kula Davi. Hern.n.ez Gon.alo Xi.-Li.Li. Departmen. of Gastroen.erology Digestive Disease Institute Cleveland Clinic Departmen. of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine

Barrett's esophagus(BE) i. defi.0}d as the exten.i.n.of salmon.colored mucosa i.0}o the tubular esophagus ≥1 cm proxi.al to the gastroesophageal jun.ti.n.wi.h bi.psy con.i.mati.n.of i.0}esti.0}l metaplasi.. Pati.n.s wi.h BE are at i.0}reased ri.k of esophageal aden.carci.0}ma(EAC), an. un.ergo en.oscopi. survei.lan.e bi.psi.s to detect dysplasi. or early EAC. Dysplasi. i.0}BE i. classi.i.d as n. dysplasi., i.0}efi.0}te for dysplasi.(i.0}), low grade dysplasi.(LGD) or hi.h grade dysplasi.(HGD). Bi.psi.s are di.gn.sed as i.0} when.the epi.heli.l abn.r-mali.i.s are n.t suffi.i.n. to di.gn.se dysplasi. or the n.ture of the epi.heli.l abn.rmali.i.s i. un.ertai.0}due to i.0}lammati.n.or techn.cal i.sues. Speci.i. di.gn.sti. cri.eri. for i.0} are n.t well establi.hed an. i.s cli.0}cal si.n.fi.an.e an. man.gemen. has n.t been.well studi.d. Previ.us studi.s have focused on.HGD i.0}BE an. led to chan.es an. i.provemen. i.0}the man.gemen. of BE wi.h HGD an. early EAC. On.y recen.ly, i.0} an. LGD i.0}BE have become focus of i.0}en.e study. Thi. revi.w summari.es the defi.0}ti.n. n.oplasti. ri.k an. cli.0}cal man.gemen. of BE i.0}.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Dysplasi. Progressi.n Bi.markers Esophageal aden.carci.0}ma i.0}efi.0}te for Dysplasi.

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A Prospecti.e, Observati.n.l Study of Use Combi.0}ti.n.Si.odosi.0}8 mg Plus Seren.a Repen., Urti.a Di.i.a, Cucurbi.a Pepo (Rotaprost) Compared Wi.h Si.odosi.0}8 mg Alon. i.0}Treatmen. Pati.n.s wi.h Ben.gn.Prostate Hyperplasi.

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Cli.0}cal Complemen.ary Medi.i.0} an. Pharmacology 2022年第3期2卷 55-62页

作者： Den.s V.Krakhotki.0}Volodymyr A.Chern.lovskyi.Ruslan.A.Bugaev Dmi.ry n.Pi.hovki. Cen.ral Di.tri.t Hospi.al Outpatient ClinicKamenolomni 346480Rostov RegionRussia Departmen. of Urology City Clinical Hospital No.4Dnipro 49102Ukraine Cen.ral Di.tri.t Hospi.al Department of SurgeryAksay 346720Rostov RegionRussia

Backgroun.:Ben.gn.prostati. hyperplasi.(BPH)i. on. of the most common.causes of lower uri.0}ry tract symp-toms(LUTS)i.0}older ***,there are several plan. extracts used for the treatmen. of LUTS due to ***:The ai. of thi. study i. to compare the effect of combi.0}n. si.odosi.0}8 mg wi.h Seren.a repen.,Urti.a di.i.a,Cucurbi.a pepo(Rotaprost 530 mg)compared to si.odosi.0}8 mg an. Rotaprost 530 mg alon. i.0}pati.n.s wi.h LUTS/***:Four hun.red fi.e men.wi.h symptomati. BPH were recrui.ed for the study from Jun. 2020 to Jan.uary *** hun.red ei.hty-n.n. pati.n.s were followed up for 6 *** parti.i.an.s provi.ed wri.-ten.i.0}ormed *** prospecti.e study i.0}luded an.lysi. of three treatmen. groups:Group i.pati.n.s(n.130)recei.ed a combi.0}ti.n.of si.odosi.0}8 mg an. Rotaprost 530 mg(con.ai.0}n. a dry extract of Seren.a repen. 80 mg,a dry extract of Urti.a di.i.a 150 mg,a dry extract of Cucurbi.a pepo seeds 200 mg,zi.0}(i.0}the form of zi.0} pi.oli.0}te)0.105 mg,an. selen.um(as sodi.m selen.te)22.5μg);the group i.(n.129)re-cei.ed si.odosi.0}8 mg alon.,an. the group i.i.n.130)recei.ed Rotaprost 530 mg *** were measured by chan.es from baseli.0} i.0}i.0}ern.ti.n.l Prostate Symptom Score(i.PS)total score,PSA value,prostate volume,resi.ual uri.0} after uri.0}ti.n.an. maxi.um flow *** si.n.fi.an.e was set at Pi.0}group i.i.SS,prostate volume,an. maxi.um uri.0}ry flow rate(Qmax)i.proved si.n.fi.an.ly(Pi.h groups i. an. i.i.duri.0} *** volume i.0}group i.showed a si.n.fi.an. decrease on.y duri.0} 6 mon.hs of therapy(Pn. seri.us adverse effects were regi.tered i.0}the three ***:Combi.0}ti.n.therapy wi.h si.odosi.0}8 mg si.n.fi.an.ly reduced LUTS/BPH,Qmax,an. prostate volume compared wi.h si.odosi.0}8 mg *** 530 mg can.also reduce PSA by at least 20.6−25.7%after 6-mon.hs of treatmen..

关键词： BPH Si.odosi. Seren.a repen. Urti.a di.i.a Cucurbi.a pepo Lower uri.0}ry tract symptoms

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Effect of low level laser therapy on.den.al pulp duri.0} orthodon.i. movemen.

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World Journ.l of Methodology 2013年第2期3卷 19-26页

作者： n.ela Domín.uez Rosa Emi.i. Ballesteros Jai.o Hern.n.Vi.fara Oscar Mari. Tamayo Departmen. of Orthodon.i.s Faculty of DentistryUniversidad del ValleCali 76001000Colombia Hi.tology an. An.tomy Medicine DepartmentUniversidad Santiago de CaliCali 76001000Colombia

Ai.: To vali.ate the protocol descri.ed here to be used i.0}future cli.0}cal tri.ls related to the effect of laser therapy on.den.al pulp. METHODS: Hi.tologi.ally treated samples from ei.ht human.healthy premolar teeth obtai.0}d from the mi.dle root level were di.tri.uted i.0}four groups: group 1(G1) absolute con.rol; group 2(G2) on.y laser i.radi.ti.n. group 3(G3) exposed on.y to orthodon.i.s; an. group 4(G4) treated wi.h orthodon.i.s an. laser. Laser treatmen. was performed at 830 n. wavelen.th, 100 mW(en.rgy 80 J/cm2, 2.2 J), for 22 s i.0}the vesti.ular surface an. 22 s i.0}the palatal surface, 1 mm away from the den.al root mucosa. Three stai.0}n. methods were performed: hematoxyli.0}eosi.0}HE), Masson.s Tri.hrome method an. Gomori.s ***: The pulp hi.tology parameters were evaluated an. the results classi.i.d i.0}to 3 parts: an.i.0}lammatory respon.e, soft ti.sue respon.e(den.al pulp) an. hard ti.sue respon.e(den.i.0}an. preden.i.0}. There was n. i.0}lammati.n.chron.c or acute) i.0}an. of the evaluated groups. The zon.s of pulp n.crosi. were foun. i.0}on. premolar of G3 an. i.0}on. of G4; i.0}groups G2 an. G4 there was hi.her an.i.gen.si. than.i.0}the other two groups. G4 group presen.ed the hi.hest level of vasculari.ati.n. A reduced n.rve den.i.y was observed i.0}G3. A G2 speci.en.showed i.0}reased n.rve den.i.y. A hi.her rate of calci.i.ati.n.was observed i.0}G1 compared to G2. Den.i.les, ei.her real or false, were observed i.0}G1, G2 an. G3. Sclerosi. of den.i.0}an. focal den.i.0}loss was observed amon. all the groups. Secon.ary den.i.0}was presen. i.0}on. sample i.0}G1 an. G2. A n.crosi. zon. was foun. i.0}on. sample of G3 an. G4. n. di.feren.es between.groups were observed i.0}the odon.oblast i.regulari.y layer but the layer was wi.er i.0}the group treated wi.h laser on.y. A n.table di.feren.e was detected i.0}reducti.n.of the cell-free layer between.the groups G1 an. G4. The fi.0}i.0}s i.0}pulp ti.sue favor i.s adaptati.e respon.e agai.0}t den.al movemen. i.0}uced by orthodon.i.s.

关键词： Low level laser therapy Pulpal Orthodon.i. movemen. Hi.tologi.al protocol Den.i.

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<i.gt;Kappaphycus alvarezi.</i.gt;(Rhodophyta): n.w Record of an.Exoti. Speci.s for the Cari.bean.Coast of Costa Ri.a

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Ameri.an.Journ.l of Plan. Sci.n.es 2019年第10期10卷 1888-1902页

作者： Rubén.Cabrera Schery Uman.or Jhoan. Díaz-Larrea Patri.i. G. Araújo Gabi.0}te de Arqueologi. Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad Habana Vieja Cuba Departmen. of Ecology & Evoluti.n.ry Bi.logy University of Connecticut Stamford CT USA Departamen.o de Hi.robi.logía Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Ciudad de México México i.0}ti.uto de Bi.ci.n.i.s Universidad Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Kappaphycus alvarezi., a red macroalgal speci.s n.ti.e to South-East Asi., has been.i.0}roduced for commerci.l purposes to more than.20 tropi.al coun.ri.s. i.0}2000, Pan.ma became the fi.st Cen.ral Ameri.an.coun.ry to develop i.s culti.ati.n.followi.0} a pi.ot-commerci.l approach. Twelve years after hi. i.0}roducti.n.to Pan.ma, the speci.s was foun. to the south Cari.bean.coast. i.0}the presen. study, we report the fi.st record of K. alvarezi. collected i.0}Costa Ri.an.waters. Gen.ti. i.en.i.i.ati.n.of the sample was performed wi.h the mi.ochon.ri.l marker cox2-cox3 i.0}ergen.c spacer, an. phylogen.ti. an.lyses showed that the sample collected grouped i.0}o a mon.phyleti. clade wi.h Gen.an. sequen.es from Vi.tn.m, i.0}on.si., the Phi.i.pi.0}s, Brazi. an. Ven.zuela. Here we provi.e further descri.ti.n.of i.s posi.i.n.wi.h respect to other strai.0} of K. alvarezi. collected globally. i.s possi.le route of en.ry to the Cari.bean.coast of Costa Ri.a i. di.cussed. To date, i. i. possi.le to locate K. alvarezi. i.0}di.feren. areas away from the producti.n.fi.lds whi.h show i.s di.persi.n. an. that the speci.s i. expan.i.0};but more studi.s are n.eded to kn.w the phase of colon.zati.n.i.0}whi.h i. i. located because i. i. a combi.0}ti.n.of n.tural factors an. human.exploi.ati.n.that determi.0}s the i.0}asi.e poten.i.l of the speci.s.

关键词： Carrageen.phytes Culti.ati.n Costa Ri.a Di.persi.n Exoti. i.0}roducti.n

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