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Relation.hip of Soil Qualities to Maize Growth Un.er In.reasin. Phosphorus Supply in.Acid Soils of Southern.Cameroon

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 645-652页

作者： TCHIEn.OUA M. JEMO R. n.OMGAn. C. n.LTE n. sanginga J. TAKOW In.titut de la Recherche Agron.mique pour le Développemen. P.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) In.ern.tion.l In.titute of Tropical Agriculture Humid Forest Ecoregional CenterP.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) Tropical Soil Biology an. Fertility P.O. Box 30667Nairobi(Kenya)

A large array of soil properties in.luen.es plan. growth respon.e to phosphorus(P) fertilizer in.ut in.acid soils. We carried out a pot experimen. usin. three con.rasted acid soils from southern.Cameroon.with the followin. main.objectives:i) to assess the main.soil causal factors of differen. maize(Zea mays L.) growth respon.e to applied P an. ii) to statistically model soil quality variation.across soil types as well as their relation.hips to dry matter production. The soils used are classified as Typic Kan.iudox(TKO) ,Rhodic Kan.iudult(RKU) ,an. Typic Kan.iudult(TKU) . An.lysis of varian.e,regression.an. prin.ipal compon.n. an.lyses were used for data an.lysis an. in.erpretation. Shoot dry matter yield(DMY) was sign.fican.ly affected by soil type an. P rate with n. sign.fican. in.eraction. Predicted maximum attain.ble DMY was lowest in.the TKO(26.2 g pot-1) as compared to 35.6 an. 36.7 g pot-1 for the RKU an. TKU,respectively. Properties that positively in.luen.ed DMY were the levels of in.rgan.c n.HCO3-extractable P,in.ividual basic cation.(Ca,Mg,an. K) ,an. pH. Their effects con.rasted with those of exchan.eable Al an. C/n.ratio,which sign.fican.ly depressed DMY. Prin.ipal compon.n. an.lysis yielded similar results,iden.ifyin. 4 orthogon.l compon.n.s,which accoun.ed for 84.7% of the total system varian.e(TSV) . Prin.ipal compon.n. 1 was iden.ified as soil n.trien. deficien.y explain.n. 35.9% of TSV. This soil quality varied sign.fican.ly amon. the studied soils,emergin. as the on.y soil quality which sign.fican.ly(P n.,3rd,an. 4th compon.n.s were iden.ified as soil organ.c matter con.en.s,texture,an. HCl-extractable P,respectively.

关键词： acid soil maize growth P supply prin.ipal compon.n. an.lysis soil quality

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Fin.n.ial Value of n.trogen.Fixation.in.Soybean.in.Africa： In.reasin. Ben.fits for Smallholder Farmers

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Journ.l of Life Scien.es 2010年第6期4卷 50-59页

作者： Jon.s n.an.wo Chian. Jeroen.Huisin. Seth Dan.o Peter Okoth Justin. n.an.an.a Chian. n.eran.a sanginga Tropical Soil Biology an. Fertility In.titute of the In.ern.tion.l Cen.re for Tropical Agriculture （TSBF-CIAT） Nairobi 00100 Kenya Agricultural Fertilizer Fin.n.in. Mechan.sm （AFFM） OSAN A TR 808/B AfDB BP 323 1002 Belvedere Tunis 1002 Tunisia Ecological Laboratory University of Ghana Legon- Accra 00233 Ghana

The kn.wledge that soil microorgan.sms form an.importan. compon.n. of below groun. biodiversity, providin. ecosystem services, is often.n.t in.orporated in.formulation.of policies to con.erve an. man.ge these microorgan.sms. Usin. the method of cost replacemen. or cost savin.s in.terms of min.ral n.trogen.fertilizer that would have been.required to attain.the same level of n.trogen.fixed biologically, this study con.ributes to awaren.ss on.the importan.e of these microorgan.sms. Applyin. the kn.wledge gain.d from several on.station.an. on.farm trials in.Africa, complemen.ed with assumption. on.FAO-sourced data from 19 African.coun.ries, this study estimated the fin.n.ial value of n.trogen.fixation.of legume n.dulatin. bacteria （Ln.） associated with promiscuous soybean.varieties. Results show that the fin.n.ial value of the n.trogen.fixin. attribute of soybean.in.Africa, especially the promiscuous varieties, an.ually amoun.s to about $ 200 million.US dollars across the 19 coun.ries. With the fertilizer price of -$ 795 tl （Jun. 2008）, this would amoun. to $ 375 million. The study recommen.s various ways of in.reasin. the chan.es of smallholder farmers ben.fitin. from the n.trogen.fixin. attribute of Ln., especially sin.e man. can.ot afford adequate quan.ities of in.rgan.c fertilizers for in.reased crop productivity.

关键词： n.-fixation promiscuous soybean fin.n.ial valuation Africa.

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