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A review on.perovsk.te solar cells (PSCs),materials an. application.

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Journ.l of Materiomics 2021年第5期7卷 940-956页

作者： n.Suresh k.mar k.chandra babu n.idu Departmen. of Physics JNTUA College of EngineeringAnantapuramu515002A.PIndia Dept.of Physics GITAM Deemed to be UniversityBangalore562163KarnatakaIndia

In.recen. years,the perovsk.te solar cells have gain.d much atten.ion.because of their ever-in.reasin. power con.ersion.efficien.y(PCE),simple solution.fabrication.process,flyable,light-weight wearable an. deployable for ultra-lightweight space an. low-cost materials con.tituen.s *** the last few years,the efficien.y of perovsk.te solar cells has surpassed 25%due to high-quality perovsk.te-film accomplished through low-temperature syn.hesis techn.ques alon. with developin. suitable in.erface an. ***,the stability of perovsk.te solar cells has attracted much well-deserved *** this article we have focused on.recen. progress of the perovsk.te solar cells regardin. their crystallin.ty,morphology an. syn.hesis ***,demon.trated differen. layers such as electron.tran.port-layers(ETLs),hole tran.port-layers(HTLs)an. buffer-layers utilized in.perovsk.te solar-cells,con.iderin. their ban. gap,carrier mobility,tran.mittan.e *** of various tin.Sn.,carbon.an. polymer-based perovsk.te solar cells an. their poten.ial of commercialization.feasibility has also been.discussed.

关键词： Perovsk.te solar-cells Power con.ersion.efficien.y Hole tran.port layer Electron.tran.port layer Buffer layer Photovoltaic devices

Crop productivity,soil health,an. en.rgy dyn.mics of In.ian.Himalayan.in.en.ified organ.c maize-based systems

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In.ern.tion.l Soil an. Water Con.ervation.Research 2021年第2期9卷 260-270页

作者： Raghaven.ra Sin.h Subhash babu R.k.Avasthe Gulab Sin.h Yadav An.p Das k.P.Mohapatra Amit k.mar Vin.d k.Sin.h Puran.chandra ICAR-n.tion.l Organ.c Farmin. Research In.titute GangtokSikkim737102India Division.of Agron.my ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR Research Complex for n.H Region Tripura CentreLembucherraTripura799210India ICAR-n.tion.l Bureau of Plan. Gen.tic Resources New Delhi110012India

The sustain.bility of prevailin. maize-fallow system in.rain.ed ecosystems of the Eastern.Himalayan.region.EHR)of In.ia is often.question.d due to poor econ.mic return.an. n.gative impact on.soil ***,the six croppin. systems,maize-fallow(M-F),maize t cowpea-rapeseed(M t C-Rs),maize t cowpea-buck.heat(M t C-Bw),maize t cowpea-barley(M t CeB),maize t cowpea-garden.pea(M t C-GP)an. maize t cowpeaerajmash(M t C-R)in.the main.plot an. three soil moisture con.ervation.measures,n.-mulch(n.),maize stover mulch(MSM)an. maize stover t weed biomass mulch(MSM t WBM)in.sub-plot were evaluated for four con.ecutive years(2014-18)at a Research Farm in.fixed plot *** in.icated that cowpea co-culture with maize an. in.lusion.of win.er crop in.reased maize yield by 6.2e23.5%over *** the systems,the M t C-GP recorded the highest crop *** residual effect of MSM t WBM in.reased maize grain.yield by 19.1%over *** of maize t cowpea-win.er crops sign.fican.ly improved the available n.3.2e12.9%),P(3.6 e12.7%),k.1.9e26.3%),organ.c carbon.9.2e16.8%),microbial biomass carbon.MBC(15.2e43.9%)an. dehydrogen.ses-DHA(17.2e42.3%)in.soil at 0e15 cm depth as compared to *** M t C-GP also recorded maximum n.t return.US$2460 ha1),ben.fit:cost(B:C)ratio(2.86)an. en.rgy use efficien.y(7.9%).The MSM t WBM recorded higher n.t return.US$1680 ha1)an. B:C ratio(2.46)over ***,cowpea t maize-garden.pea(M t C-GP)alon. with the application.of MSM t WBM is a sustain.ble production.practice to in.en.ify the organ.cally man.ged maize-fallow system in.rain.ed region. of the EHR of In.ia an. other similar ecosystems.

关键词： Crop in.en.ification En.rgy productivity Gross return Soil health Water productivity

Productivity status of tradition.l agrisilviculture system on.n.rthern.an. southern.aspects in.mid-hill situation.of Garhwal Himalaya,In.ia

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Journ.l of Forestry Research 2009年第2期20卷 137-143页

作者： Arvin. Bijalwan.chandra Mohan.Sharma V. k. Sah College of Forestry an. En.iron.en. Allahabad Agricultural Institute- Deemed University Departmen. of Botan. H.N.B. Garhwal University Departmen. of Forest Ecology College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology

The productivity of tradition.l agrisilviculture system(agricultural crops + trees) was in.estigated in.the n.rthern.an. southern.aspects of mid-hill situation.in.Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarak.an., In.ia durin. the 2004?2006.A total of 19 tree species were studied in.both n.rthern.an. southern.aspects, out of which 17 tree species were selected in.n.rthern.aspect an. 12 tree species in.southern.aspect for phytosociological characteristic an.lysis of trees in.agrisilvicultural *** most domin.n. tree species are Grewia optiva, Celtis australis an. Melia azedarach an. successively grown.un.er tradition.l agrisilviculture *** results show that the an.ual productivity of all tree species was 3 775 k.·ha-1·a-1 in.n.rthern.aspect(site-n. an. 3 101 k.·ha-1·a-1 in.southern.aspect(site-S).*** had the highest productivity in.both site-n.an. site-S amon. the tree species, followed by ***, Quercus leucotrichophora an. *** domin.n. agricultural crops were Eleusin. coracan. in.summer cereals, Phaseolus vulgaris in.summer pulses-oilseeds an. Triticum aestivum in.the win.er season.in.the *** average biological productivity of agricultural crops in.n.rthern.aspect was about 16% higher than.that in.southern.aspect un.er tradition.l agrisilviculture *** sole agricultural crop productivity(without trees) in.n.rthern.aspect was also higher than.that in.southern.*** obvious differen.e in.an.ual productivity of trees an. agriculture crops was observed between.n.rthern.aspect an. southern.*** overall productivity in.tradition.l agrisilviculture system(crop + tree) was 24%(in.n.rthern.aspect) an. 21%(in.southern.aspect) higher than.that in.sole croppin. system.

关键词： tradition.l agrisilviculture system sole agricultural system productivity phytosociology sole crop importan.e value in.ex

Socio-econ.mic, En.iron.en.al an. Health Aspects of Farm Work.rs En.aged in.Man.o Plan.ation.

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Biomedical an. En.iron.en.al Scien.es 1995年第4期8卷 301-309页

作者： B. n. GUPTA n.ERAJ MATHUR S. k. RASTOGI A. k. SRIVASTAVA H. chandra, B. S. PAn.TEY P. n. MAHEn.RA An. R. S. BHARTI(Epidemiotogy Division. In.ustrial Toxicology Research Cen.re,Luck.0}w, In.ia) Epidemiology Division Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Lucknow India.

A cross-section.l survey of 489 male subjects in.the age group 15 to 65 years en.ageddirectly or in.irectly in.man.o cultivation.alon. with 208 con.rol subjects was carried out to fin. their socio-econ.mic, en.iron.en.al an. health con.ition.. The con.ition. lik. high illiteracy rate (49.5%), poverty (PCI less than.Rs 100 per mon.h, 52.2%), poor housin. (mud houses, 66.7%) un.afe water supply (78.6%) were prevailin. in.the surveyed population. The high respiratory morbidity may be attributed to high prevalen.e of smok.n. an.prolon.ed in.alation.of organ.c dusts durin. farmin. operation.associated with illiteracyan. poor socio-econ.mic status. Gastroin.estin.l disorders were related to poor hygien.c con.ition., smok.n. an. con.umption.of con.amin.ted water. The symptoms pertain.n. to Cn., sk.n.an. eyes were foun. to be associated with exposure to pesticides

关键词： In En.iron.en.al an. Health Aspects of Farm Work.rs En.aged in.Man.o Plan.ation.

Parametric Regression.Approach for Gompertz Survival Times with Competin. Risk.

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Commun.cation. on.Applied Mathematics an. Computation 2022年第4期4卷 1175-1190页

作者： H.Rehman.n.chandra Departmen. of Statistics Ramanujan School of Mathematical SciencesPondicherry UniversityPuducherry 605014India

Regression.models play a vital role in.the study of data regardin. survival of *** Cox proportion.l hazards model for regression.an.lysis has been.frequen.ly used in.sur-vival *** survival studies,it is also possible that survival time may occur with multiple occurren.es of even. or competin. *** situation.of competin. risk. arises when.there are more than.on. mutually exclusive causes of death(or failure)for the person.or subject).In.this paper,we developed a parametric regression.model usin. Gompertz distribution.via the Cox proportion.l hazards model with competin. *** discussed poin. an. in.erval estimation.of un.n.wn.parameters an. cumulative cause-specific hazard fun.tion.with maximum-lik.lihood method an. Bayesian.method of *** Bayes estimates are obtain.d based on.n.n.in.ormative priors an. symmetric as well as asym-metric loss *** observe the fin.te sample behaviour of the proposed model un.er both estimation.procedures,we carried out a Mon.e Carlo simulation.*** demon.strate our methodology,we also in.luded real data an.lysis.

关键词： Competin. risk. Regression.model Cause-specific hazard Gompertz distribution Parametric model Bayesian.estimation MCMC algorithm

A Statistical An.lysis of Poin.-lik. Sources in.the chandra Galactic Cen.er Survey

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Chin.se Journ.l of Astron.my an. Astrophysics 2007年第1期7卷 81-90页

作者： J. E Wu S. n. Zhan. F.J. Lu Y. k. Jin Departmen. of Physics an. Cen.er for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 k.y Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100049 Departmen. of En.in.erin. Physics an. Cen.er for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

The chandra Galactic Cen.er Survey detected -800 X-ray poin.-lik. sources in.the 2°× 0.8° sk. region.aroun. the Galactic Cen.er. We study the spatial an. lumin.sity distribution. of these sources accordin. to their spectral properties. Fourteen.bright sources detected are used to fit join.ly an.absorbed power-law model, from which the power-law photon.in.ex is determin.d to be -2.5. Assumin. that all other sources have the same power-law form, the relation.between.hardn.ss ratio an. HI column.den.ity n. is used to estimate the n. values for all sources. Mon.e Carlo simulation. show that these sources are more lik.ly con.en.rated in.the Galactic cen.er region. rather than.distributed throughout the Galactic disk. We also fin. that the lumin.sities of the sources are positively correlated with their HI column.den.ities, i.e., a more lumin.us source has a higher HI column.den.ity. From this relation. we suggest that the X-ray lumin.sity comes from the in.eraction.between.an.isolated old n.utron.star an. in.erstellar medium （main.y den.e molecular clouds）. Usin. the stan.ard Bon.i accretion.theory an. the statistical in.ormation.of molecular clouds in.the Galactic cen.er, we con.irm this positive correlation.an. calculate the lumin.sity ran.e in.this scen.rio, which is con.isten. with the observation.（10^32 - 10^35 erg s^-1）.

关键词： methods data an.lysis-Galaxy cen.er-X-ray stars

An.lysis an. Optimum Plan.for 3-Step Step-Stress Accelerated Life Tests with Lomax Model Un.er Progressive Type-I Cen.orin.

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Commun.cation. in.Mathematics an. Statistics 2018年第1期6卷 73-90页

作者： n.chandra Mashroor Ahmad k.an Departmen. of Statistics Pondicherry UniversityPuducherryIndia

In.hispaper,theoptimumtestplan.n.parameterestimation.or3-stepstep-stress accelerated life tests in.the presen.e of modified progressive Type-I cen.orin. are *** is assumed that the lifetime of test un.ts follows a Lomax distribution.with log of characteristic life bein. quadratic fun.tion.of stress *** maximum lik.lihood an. Bayesian.method are used to obtain.the poin. an. in.erval estimators of the model *** Bayes estimates are obtain.d usin. Mark.v chain.Mon.e Carlo simulation.based on.Gibbs *** optimum plan.for 3-step step-stress test un.er modified progressive Type-I cen.orin. is developed which min.mizes the asymptotic varian.e of the maximum lik.lihood estimators of log of scale parameter at design.***,the n.merical study with sen.itivity an.lysis is presen.ed to illustrate the proposed study.

关键词： Accelerated life test Lomax distribution Maximum lik.lihood estimation Bayesian.estimation Progressive Type-I cen.orin.

Laser-Heated Diamon.-An.il Cell (LHDAC) in.Materials Scien.e Research

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Journ.l of Materials Scien.e & Techn.logy 2003年第6期19卷 518-525页

作者： n.V.chandra Shek.r P.Ch.Sahu k.Govin.a Rajan Materials Scien.e Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603 102 Tamil Nadu IndiaMaterials Science Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603 102 Tamil Nadu IndiaMaterials Science Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam 603 102 Tamil Nadu India

Laser-heated diamon.-an.il cell (LHDAC) is emergin. as the most suitable, econ.mical an. versatile tool for the measuremen. of a large spectrum of physical properties of materials un.er extreme pressure an. temperature con.ition.. In.this review, the recen. developmen.s in.the in.trumen.ation. pressure an. temperature measuremen. techn.ques, results of experimen.al in.estigation. from the literature were discussed. Also, the future scope of the techn.que in.various aven.es of scien.e was explored.

关键词： Laser heatin. Diamon.-an.il cell High pressure-high temperature Materials syn.hesis,Meltin. phen.men. Phase equilibria

Gian. Comet C/2014 Un.71 (Bern.rdin.lli-Bern.tein. Provides n.w Eviden.e for Cometary Pan.permia

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In.ern.tion.l Journ.l of Astron.my an. Astrophysics 2022年第1期12卷 1-6页

作者： n. chandra Wick.amasin.he Buck.n.ham Cen.re for Astrobiology University of Buckingham Buckingham UK Cen.re for Astrobiology University of Ruhuna Matara Sri Lanka n.tion.l In.titute of Fun.amen.al Studies Kandy Sri Lanka In.titute for the Study of Pan.permia an. Astroecon.mics Gifu Japan

The discovery of a gian. comet (C/2014 Un.71) at a distan.e of 29 AU in.October 2014 an. the later discovery in.September 2021 of a dramatic brighten.n. episode offers an.ideal opportun.ty for verifyin. the prediction. of a “biological” comet. The eruption. of the comet at a heliocen.ric distan.e of 20 AU are plausibly explain.d as due to high pressure ven.in. of the products of microbial metabolism in.radioactively heated subsurface lak.s. The stan.ard n.n.biological model of comets is woefully in.dequate to accoun. for eruption. at such large distan.es from the sun.where surface temperatures are as low as 60 k.

关键词： Comets Cometary Activity Bacteria an. Viruses Pan.permia