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Evolution of plasma parameters in an Ar-n2/He inductive plasma source with magnetic pole enhancement

Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 34-42页

作者： Maria YOunuS n u rehman M SHAFIQ M nAEEM M ZAKA-uL-ISLAM M ZAKAuLLAH Department of Physics Plasma Physics LaboratoryQuaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Plasma Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology44000 IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University114 JazanSaudi Arabia

Magnetic pole enhanced inductively coupled plasmas （MaPE-ICPs） are a promising source for plasma-based etching and have a wide range of material processing applications. In the present study Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy were used to monitor the evolution of plasma parameters in a MaPE-ICP Ar-na/He mixture plasma. Electron density （ne） and temperature （Te）, excitation temperature （Texc）, plasma potential （Vp）, skin depth （6） and the evolution of the electron energy probability function （EEPF） are reported as a function of radiofrequency （RF） power, pressure and argon concentration in the mixture. It is observed that ne increases while Te decreases with increase in RF power and argon concentration in the mixture. The emission intensity of the argon line at 750.4 nm is also used to monitor the variation of the ‘high-energy tail＇ of the EEPF with RF power and gas pressure. The EEPF has a ‘bi-Maxwellian＇ distribution at low RF powers and higher pressure in a pure n2 discharge. However, it evolves into a ‘Maxwellian＇ distribution at RF powers greater than 70 W for pure n2, and at 50 W for higher argon concentrations in the mixture. The effect of argon concentration on the temperatures of two electron groups in the ‘bi-Maxwellian＇ EEPF is examined. The temperature of the low-energy electron group TL shows a decreasing trend with argon addition until the ‘thermalization＇ of the two temperatures occurs, while the temperature of high-energy electrons Ta decreases continuously.

关键词： MaPE-ICP Langmuir probe OES EEPF

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Trace-Rare-Gas Optical Emission Spectroscopy of nitrogen Plasma Generated at a Frequency of 13.56 MHz

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第2期13卷 208-212页

作者： n.u.rehman F.u.KHAn S.nASEER G.MuRTAZA S.S.HuSSAIn I.AHMAD M.ZAKAuLLAH Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Physics Gomal University Department of Physics Peshawar University Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

Optical emission spectroscopic measurement of trace rare gas is carried out to determine the density of nitrogen （n） atom, in a nitrogen plasma, as a function of filling pressure and RF power applied. 2% of argon, used as an actinometer, is mixed with nitrogen. In order to normalize the changes in the excitation cross section and electron energy distribution function at different operational conditions, the Ar-I emission line at 419.83 nm is used, which is of nearly the same excitation efficiency coefficient as that of the nitrogen emission line at 493.51 nm. It is observed that the emission intensity of the selected argon and atomic nitrogen lines increases with both pressure and RF power, as does the nitrogen atomic density.

关键词： optical actinometry n atomic density EEDF RF plasma

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Symmetries,optimal system,exact and soliton solutions of(3+1)-dimensional Gardner-KP equation

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第2期9卷 178-190页

作者： Amjad Hussain Ashreen Anjum M.Junaid-u-rehman Ilyas Khan Mariam A.Sameh Amnah S.Al-Johani Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320Islamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-MajmaahP.O Box 66Majmaah 11952Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo 11845Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia

In this research article,the(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear Gardner-Kadomtsov-Petviashvili(Gardner-KP)equation which depicts the nonlinear modulation of periodic waves,is analyzed through the Lie group-theoretic *** the Lie invariance condition,we find the symmetry *** pro-posed model yields eight-dimensional Lie ***,an optimal system of sub-algebras is com-puted,and similarity reductions are *** considered nonlinear partial differential equation is re-duced into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by utilizing the similarity transformation method(STM),which has the benefit of yielding a large number of accurate traveling wave *** ODEs are further solved to get closed-form solutions of the Gardner-KP equation in some cases,while in other cases,we use the new auxiliary equation method to get its soliton *** evolution profiles of the obtained solutions are examined graphically under the appropriate selection of arbitrary parameters.

关键词： Gardner-KP equation Lie symmetry analysis Optimal system new auxiliary equation method Solitary wave solutions

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Polyhydroxyurethanes from Biobased Monomers and CO_(2):A Bridge between Sustainable Chemistry and CO_(2) utilization

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 652-685页

作者： Tharinee Theerathanagorn Tanika Kessaratikoon Hafeez ur rehman Valerio D'Elia Daniel Crespy VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses Department of Materials Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand Department of Materials Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology21210Wang ChanRayongThailand

Polyhydroxyurethanes(PHus)have received considerable attention in the last decade as potential alternatives to traditional phosgene-based polyurethanes(Pus).The development of suitable 5CC(five membered-ring cyclic carbonate)precursors bearing multiple carbonate moieties(multi-5CCs)is a key requisite for preparing PHus by polyaddition reaction with bis-or *** sustainable PHus from CO_(2)-based five-membered cyclic carbonates(5CCs)obtained from biobased epoxides is a valuable strategy to bridge CO_(2) utilization and the upcycling of renewable *** this context,while many multi-5CC monomers reported in the literature are oil-based,recent efforts have led to the development of a large variety of multifunctional 5CCs that are produced by the combination of CO_(2) and renewable resources such as fatty acids and vegetable oils,lignin,terpenes,and *** this work,recent crucial advances(2019—2023)on PHus prepared from bis-and multi-5CCs produced from CO_(2) and(partially/potentially)biobased substrates are reviewed with respect to their synthesis,thermal and mechanical properties,and their recent,emerging applications.

关键词： CO_(2) conversion Polyhydroxyurethanes Cyclic carbonates Biobased compounds Fatty acids Functional polymers Monomers Renewable resources

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Empowering Diagnosis: Cutting-Edge Segmentation and Classification in Lung Cancer Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4963-4977页

作者： Iftikhar naseer Tehreem Masood Sheeraz Akram Zulfiqar Ali Awais Ahmad Shafiq ur rehman Arfan Jaffar Faculty of Computer Sciences&Information Technology The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Intelligent Data Visual Computing Research(IDVCR) Lahore54000Pakistan Information System Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering(CSEE) University of EssexWivenhoe ParkColchesterCO43SQUK

Lung cancer is a leading cause of global mortality *** detection of pulmonary tumors can significantly enhance the survival rate of ***,various Computer-Aided Diagnostic(CAD)methods have been developed to enhance the detection of pulmonary nodules with high ***,the existing method-ologies cannot obtain a high level of specificity and *** present study introduces a novel model for Lung Cancer Segmentation and Classification(LCSC),which incorporates two improved architectures,namely the improved u-net architecture and the improved Alexnet *** LCSC model comprises two distinct *** first stage involves the utilization of an improved u-net architecture to segment candidate nodules extracted from the lung ***,an improved Alexnet architecture is employed to classify lung *** the first stage,the proposed model demonstrates a dice accuracy of 0.855,a precision of 0.933,and a recall of 0.789 for the segmentation of candidate *** suggested improved Alexnet architecture attains 97.06%accuracy,a true positive rate of 96.36%,a true negative rate of 97.77%,a positive predictive value of 97.74%,and a negative predictive value of 96.41%for classifying pulmonary cancer as either benign or *** proposed LCSC model is tested and evaluated employing the publically available dataset furnished by the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(LIDC-IDRI).This proposed technique exhibits remarkable performance compared to the existing methods by using various evaluation parameters.

关键词： Lung cancer segmentation Alexnet u-net classification

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Acetic acid-and furfural-based adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for improving stress tolerance and lignocellulosic ethanol production

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第8期72卷 26-33页

作者： Omama rehman Youduo Wu Quan Zhang Jin Guo Cuihuan Sun Huipeng Gao Yaqing Xu Rui Xu Ayesha Shahid Chuang Xue State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical EngineeringEngineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic BiologySchool of BioengineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China ningbo Institute of Dalian university of Technology Ningbo 315016China SInOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co. Ltd.Dalian 116041China Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province Chaoyang 122000China Yunnan Provincial Rural Energy Engineering Key Laboratory Kunming 650600China uS-Pak Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan

Acetic acid and furfural are known as prevalent inhibitors deriving from pretreatment during lignocellulosic ethanol *** negatively impact cell growth,glucose uptake and ethanol biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae *** of industrial *** strains with high tolerance towards these inhibitors is thus critical for efficient lignocellulosic ethanol *** this study,the acetic acid or furfural tolerance of different *** strains could be significantly enhanced after adaptive evolution via serial cultivation for 40 generations under stress *** acetic acid-based adaptive strain SPSC01-TA9 produced 30.5 g·L^(-1)ethanol with a yield of 0.46 g·g^(-1)in the presence of 9 g·L^(-1)acetic acid,while the acetic acid/furfural-based adaptive strain SPSC01-TAF94 produced more ethanol of 36.2 g·L^(-1)with increased yield up to 0.49 g·g^(-1)in the presence of both 9 g·L^(-1)acetic acid and 4 g·L^(-1)*** improvements were also observed during non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate culture by SPSC01-TAF94,which achieved ethanol production and yield of 29.1 g·L^(-1)and 0.49 g·g^(-1),respectively,the growth and fermentation efficiency of acetic acid/furfural-based adaptive strain in hydrolysate was 95%higher than those of wildtype strains,indicating the acetic acid-and furfural-based adaptive evolution strategy could be an effective approach for improving lignocellulosic ethanol *** adapted strains developed in this study with enhanced tolerance against acetic acid and furfural could be potentially contribute to economically feasible and sustainable lignocellulosic biorefinery.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lignocellulosic ethanol production Adaptive evolution Acetic acid Furfural

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Polio eradication surveillance in Sri Lanka,2019-2023

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 268-272页

作者： M.A.Y.Fernando n.S.Madarasinghe C.Rangana n.Weerasinghe D.C.u.D.Weligamage J.I.Abeynayake Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboSri Lanka Department of Virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka Medical Research Institute Colombo 08Sri Lanka

Objective:To evaluate the polio laboratory surveillance carried out from January,2019 to May,2023 by the Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri ***:This retrospective study analyzed all stool samples received under the acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)and immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus(VDPV)surveillance at Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka from January,2019 to May,*** results of the testing methodologies were extracted from the laboratory data system,i.e.,poliovirus virus isolation,intra-typic differentiation/VDPV real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(ITD/VDPV rRTPCR)and sequencing,along with the data on timing of reporting results,stool adequacy and *** was analyzed using descriptive ***:A total of 2141 stool samples from 1644 cases were received for AFP surveillance from Sri Lanka(93.61%),Maldives(1.52%),and immunodeficient VDPV(4.86%)*** polioviruses(19/1644,1.15%)and non-polio enteroviruses(73/1644,4.44%)were isolated,while Sabin-like 3 virus was detected in majority(12/19,63.15%)among the poliovirus *** polioviruses or circulating VDPVs were not detected among the *** all years of the study,the non-polio AFP detection rate was>1/100000 in children aged less than 15 years,whereas stool adequacy rate was>80%.All results were reported within 14 days of receipt,ensuring timely reporting as per global ***:The Polio Regional Reference Laboratory,Sri Lanka plays a vital role in maintaining the polio-free status in the country through its robust laboratory surveillance,while adhering to the surveillance ***-detection of wild polioviruses and circulating VDPV during the study period reinforces the polio-free status in the country.

关键词： Poliovirus Polio laboratory surveillance Regional reference laboratory Polio eradication

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Role of marine natural products in the development of antiviral agents against SARS‑CoV‑2:potential and prospects

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 280-297页

作者： D.P.nagahawatta n.M.Liyanage Thilina u.Jayawardena H.H.A.C.K.Jayawardhana Seong‑Hun Jeong Hyung‑Jun Kwon You‑Jin Jeon Department of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-RivièresQC G8Z 4M3Canada Marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Functional Biomaterial Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ***-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World Health ***,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently *** naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse *** intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic *** natural products(MnPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and ***,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and ***,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing MnPs and predicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Marine natural products Drug targets Inhibitors

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.u.n.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:no studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).no differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Artificial Intelligence Based Meteorological Parameter Forecasting for Optimizing Response of nuclear Emergency Decision Support System

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原子能科学技术 2024年

作者： BILAL Ahmed Khan HASEEB ur rehman QAISAR nadeem MuHAMMAD Ahmad naveed Qureshi JAWARIA Ahad MuHAMMAD naveed Akhtar AMJAD Farooq MASROOR Ahmad Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based approach to predict crucial meteorological parameters such as temperature,pressure,and wind speed,typically calculated from computationally intensive weather research and forecasting (WRF) *** meteorological data is indispensable for simulating the release of radioactive effluents,especially in dispersion modeling for nuclear emergency decision support *** of meteorological conditions during nuclear emergencies using the conventional WRF model is very complex and ***,a new artificial neural network (Ann) based technique was proposed as a viable alternative for meteorological prediction.A multi-input multi-output neural network was trained using historical site-specific meteorological data to forecast the meteorological *** evaluation of this technique was conducted to test its performance in forecasting various parameters including atmospheric pressure,temperature,and wind speed components in both East-West and north-South *** performance of developed network was evaluated on an unknown dataset,and acquired results are within the acceptable range for all meteorological *** show that Anns possess the capability to forecast meteorological parameters,such as temperature and pressure,at multiple spatial locations within a grid with high accuracy,utilizing input data from a single ***,accuracy is slightly compromised when predicting wind speed *** mean square error (RMSE) was utilized to report the accuracy of predicted results,with values of 1.453℃for temperature,77 Pa for predicted pressure,1.058 m/s for the wind speed of u-component and 0.959 m/s for the wind speed of *** conclusion,this approach offers a precise,efficient,and wellinformed method for administrative decision-making during nuclear emergencies.

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