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Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu Kim Dohyeon Gong Woon-Hong yeo Seungyong Han Seung Hwan Ko Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

Recent advances in graphene-based phase change composites for thermal energy storage and management

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 115-138页

作者： Qiang Zhu Pin Jin Ong Si Hui Angela Goh Reuben J.yeo Suxi Wang Zhiyuan Liu Xian Jun Loh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis#08-03138634Singapore Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentA*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island627833Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology(SIAT) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China Department of Material Science and Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1#03-09 EA117575Singapore

Energy storage and conservation are receiving increased attention due to rising global energy demands.Therefore,the development of energy storage materials is crucial.Thermal energy storage(TES)systems based on phase change materials(PCMs)have increased in prominence over the past two decades,not only because of their outstanding heat storage capacities but also their superior thermal energy regulation capability.However,issues such as leakage and low thermal conductivity limit their applicability in a variety of settings.Carbon-based materials such as graphene and its derivatives can be utilized to surmount these obstacles.This study examines the recent advancements in graphene-based phase change composites(PCCs),where graphene-based nanostructures such as graphene,graphene oxide(GO),functionalized graphene/GO,and graphene aerogel(GA)are incorporated into PCMs to substantially enhance their shape stability and thermal conductivity that could be translated to better storage capacity,durability,and temperature response,thus boosting their attractiveness for TES systems.In addition,the applications of these graphene-based PCCs in various TES disciplines,such as energy conservation in buildings,solar utilization,and battery thermal management,are discussed and summarized.

关键词： Phase change material Nanocomposites Solar energy Sustainable energy Thermo-regulation

3D-printed gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/ silanated silica scaffold assisted by two-stage cooling system for hard tissue regeneration

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2021年第2期8卷 50-63页

作者： Eunjeong Choi Dongyun Kim Donggu Kang Gi Hoon Yang Bongsu Jung myunggu yeo Min-Jeong Park SangHyun An KyoungHo Lee Jun Sik Kim Jong Chul Kim Woonhyeok Jeong Hye Hyun Yoo Hojun Jeon Research Institute of Additive Manufacturing and Regenerative Medicine Baobab Healthcare Inc55 Hanyangdaehak-RoAnsanGyeonggi-do 15588South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySangidaehak-roSiheungGyeonggi-do 15073South Korea Medical Device Development Center Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation(DGMIF)80Cheombok-roDong-guDaegu 41061South Korea Laboratory Animal Center Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation(DGMIF)80 Cheombok-roDong-guDaegu 41061South Korea Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Dongsan Medical CenterKeimyung University College of Medicine1035 Dalgubeol-daeroDalseo-guDaegu 42601South Korea Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of PharmacyHanyang University55 Hanyangdaehak-RoAnsanGyeonggi-Do 15588South Korea

Among many biomaterials,gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),a photocurable protein,has been widely used in 3D bioprinting process owing to its excellent cellular responses,biocompatibility and biodegradability.However,GelMA still shows a low processability due to the severe temperature dependence of viscosity.To overcome this obstacle,we propose a two-stage temperature control system to effectively control the viscosity of GelMA.To optimize the process conditions,we evaluated the temperature of the cooling system(jacket and stage).Using the established system,three GelMA scaffolds were fabricated in which different concentrations(0,3 and 10 wt%)of silanated silica particles were embedded.To evaluate the performances of the prepared scaffolds suitable for hard tissue regeneration,we analyzed the physical(viscoelasticity,surface roughness,compressive modulus and wettability)and biological(human mesenchymal stem cells growth,western blotting and osteogenic differentiation)properties.Consequently,the composite scaffold with greater silica contents(10 wt%)showed enhanced physical and biological performances including mechanical strength,cell initial attachment,cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared with those of the controls.Our results indicate that the GelMA/silanated silica composite scaffold can be potentially used for hard tissue regeneration.

关键词： 3D bioprinting gelatin methacrylate silanated silica cooling system human mesenchymal stem cells

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基于触觉感知的简化模型研究寸口处脉象差异

Digital Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 29-39页

作者：史宇兵杨洪义 yeo Joon Hock 陕西中医药大学整合医学研究院陕西咸阳712046 Department of Mechanical Materials&Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Campus43500 SemenyihSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore

目的中医脉诊理论认为腕部桡动脉处(称为寸口)的脉象表征着人体不同脏腑器官的生理病理状况。然而,研究人员对于脉诊技术的客观性存在不同看法,部分研究人员提到在不同的寸口部位未观察到显著的脉象差异,通过寸口脉象辨别不同器官的状... 详细信息

目的中医脉诊理论认为腕部桡动脉处(称为寸口)的脉象表征着人体不同脏腑器官的生理病理状况。然而,研究人员对于脉诊技术的客观性存在不同看法,部分研究人员提到在不同的寸口部位未观察到显著的脉象差异,通过寸口脉象辨别不同器官的状态可能存在一定难度。本研究通过对触觉感知特性的简化数学建模来分析寸口处的脉象,从而对上述问题进行探讨。方法基于Weber-Fechner定律,将诊脉过程中的触觉感知变化描述为带宽随不同取脉压力而变化的低通信号滤波器。应用该模型分析本研究组此前采集的临床数据,对14例介入测量得到的主动脉缩窄患者的动脉血压数据进行处理,以模拟不同取脉压力作用于寸关尺部所形成的脉象差异。结果考虑触觉感知特性时,伴随取脉压力的变化诊脉中寸口处不同脉深的脉象存在显著差异;而采用传感器测量时由于不存在触觉感知特性的影响,所得到的脉象则没有这种随脉深的变化。这就解释了为什么中医直接诊脉与现代脉诊学使用传感器测量会对脉象形成不同的理解。此外,采用本研究中建立的触觉感知模型所计算出的寸口处浮中沉不同脉深的脉象特征,与中医脉搏理论中的相关描述一致。结论本研究通过建立触觉感知模型,初步解释了中医脉诊理论中的脉象随取脉压力变化现象。将触觉感知建模引入中医脉诊研究,开启了图象化表达脉象以对其进行定量分析的新的探索窗口,这不仅有效扩展了脉诊研究的范畴,也为现有脉诊仪的技术升级和功能优化提供了科学依据。

关键词：脉象中医寸口触觉感知数学模型

Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2677-2688页

作者： Sarah Rotondo-Trivette Xin-Yuan He Jamil S Samaan Fan Lv Emily Truong Michaela Juels Anthony Nguyen Xu Gao Jian Zu Yee Hui yeo Fan-Pu Ji Gil Y Melmed Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Infectious Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049Shaanxi ProvinceChina David Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support(Xi’an Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic disrupted healthcare in the United States.AIM To investigate COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related death and characteristics associated with excess death among inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)decedents.METHODS We performed a register-based study using data from the National Vital Statistics System,which reports death data from over 99%of the United States population,from January 1,2006 through December 31,2021.IBD-related deaths among adults 25 years and older were stratified by age,sex,race/ethnicity,place of death,and primary cause of death.Predicted and actual age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)per 100000 persons were compared.RESULTS 49782 IBD-related deaths occurred during the study period.Non-COVID-19-related deaths increased by 13.14%in 2020 and 18.12%in 2021[2020 ASMR:1.55 actual vs 1.37 predicted,95%confidence interval(CI):1.26-1.49;2021 ASMR:1.63 actual vs 1.38 predicted,95%CI:1.26-1.49].In 2020,non-COVID-19-related mortality increased by 17.65%in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients between the ages of 25 and 65 and 36.36%in non-Hispanic black(NHB)Crohn’s disease(CD)patients.During the pandemic,deaths at home or on arrival and at medical facilities as well as deaths due to neoplasms also increased.CONCLUSION IBD patients suffered excess non-COVID-19-related death during the pandemic.Excess death was associated with younger age among UC patients,and with NHB race among CD patients.Increased death at home or on arrival and due to neoplasms suggests that delayed presentation and difficulty accessing healthcare may have led to increased IBD mortality.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease COVID-19 Excess death Race Sex Disparities

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有向图上的一些猜想和开放问题

数学进展 2024年第1期53卷 1-12页

作者：艾江东 Gregory GUTIN 史永堂 Ander yeo 南开大学数学科学学院核心数学与组合数学教育部重点实验室天津300371 伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院计算机科学系英国萨里郡TW200EX 南开大学组合数学中心核心数学与组合数学教育部重点实验室天津300371 南丹麦大学数学与计算机科学系丹麦欧登塞M区DK-5230 约翰内斯堡大学数学与应用数学系南非约翰内斯堡2006

讨论了有向图上的几个猜想和开放问题.一些尚未解决的问题是新的.

关键词：有向图出度圈路分划最大有向割集拟核 Seymour二次邻域猜想无圈2-染色

Application of Sigma Metric Analysis to Evaluate the Performance of the Biochemistry Analytical System in a Medical Biology Laboratory in Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2024年第1期14卷 14-21页

作者： Koffi Akissi Joelle Kouakou Francisk Kouadio Charlotte yeo Karna Ahiboh Hugues Hauhouot-Attoungbré Marie-Laure Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry Unit CeDReS University Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Biochemistry Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University Felix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast

Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology laboratory. Using the sigma metric, this study assessed the performance of the Biochemistry analytical system of a medical biology laboratory in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Six Sigma methodology was applied to 3 analytes (alanine aminotransferase, glucose and creatinine). Performance indicators such as measurement imprecision and bias were determined based on the results of internal and external quality controls. The sigma number was calculated using the total allowable error values proposed by Ricos et al. Results: For both control levels, ALT had a sigma number greater than 6 (7.6 for normal control and 7.9 for pathological control). However, low sigma numbers, less than or equal to 2 for creatinine (1.4 for normal control and 2 for pathological control) and less than 1 for glucose were found. Conclusion: This study revealed good analytical performance of ALT from the point of view of 6 sigma analysis. However, modifications to the overall quality control procedure for glucose and creatinine are needed to improve their analytical performance. The study should be extended to the entire laboratory’s analytes in order to modify the strategies of quality control procedures based on metric analysis for an overall improvement in analytical performance.

关键词： Six Sigma Qualities Controls Bias Imprecision Total Allowable Error

Evaluating the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT-4 in answering patient questions related to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2024年第1期5卷 14-21页

作者： Lauren Schlussel Jamil S Samaan Yin Chan Bianca Chang Yee Hui yeo Wee Han Ng Ali Rezaie Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Bristol Medical School University of BristolBS81THBristolUnited Kingdom Medically Associated Science and Technology Program Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)poses diagnostic and treatment challenges due to its complex management and evolving guidelines.Patients often seek online information related to their health,prompting interest in large language models,like GPT-4,as potential sources of patient education.AIM To investigate ChatGPT-4's accuracy and reproducibility in responding to patient questions related to SIBO.METHODS A total of 27 patient questions related to SIBO were curated from professional societies,Facebook groups,and Reddit threads.Each question was entered into GPT-4 twice on separate days to examine reproducibility of accuracy on separate occasions.GPT-4 generated responses were independently evaluated for accuracy and reproducibility by two motility fellowship-trained gastroenterologists.A third senior fellowship-trained gastroenterologist resolved disagreements.Accuracy of responses were graded using the scale:(1)Comprehensive;(2)Correct but inadequate;(3)Some correct and some incorrect;or(4)Completely incorrect.Two responses were generated for every question to evaluate reproducibility in accuracy.RESULTS In evaluating GPT-4's effectiveness at answering SIBO-related questions,it provided responses with correct information to 18/27(66.7%)of questions,with 16/27(59.3%)of responses graded as comprehensive and 2/27(7.4%)responses graded as correct but inadequate.The model provided responses with incorrect information to 9/27(33.3%)of questions,with 4/27(14.8%)of responses graded as completely incorrect and 5/27(18.5%)of responses graded as mixed correct and incorrect data.Accuracy varied by question category,with questions related to“basic knowledge”achieving the highest proportion of comprehensive responses(90%)and no incorrect responses.On the other hand,the“treatment”related questions yielded the lowest proportion of comprehensive responses(33.3%)and highest percent of completely incorrect responses(33.3%).A total of 77.8%of questions yielded reproducible responses.CONCLUSION Though GPT-4 shows

关键词： Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Motility Artificial intelligence Chat-GPT Large language models Patient education

Gastric heterotopia of colon found cancer workup in liver abscess:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第15期10卷 5012-5017页

作者： Jun Gi Park Jeong Ill Suh yeo Un Kim Department of Internal Medicine College of MedicineDongguk UniversityGyeongju 38067South Korea

BACKGROUND Recently reported cases of pyogenic liver abscess associated with colonic cancer in the absence of underlying disease,have included a small number of cases of gastric heterotopia(GHT).GHT is a congenital anomaly composed of ectopic gastric mucosa and can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract but is more frequently encountered in the cervical esophagus.However,it is rarely observed in colon.Furthermore,most reported cases of GHT of the colon involved the rectum,and GHT involving the colon proximal to the rectum is rare.CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old male patient presented with fever and a diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess.Colonoscopy was performed for colon cancer workup and revealed a 1.0 cm sized polyp at the transverse colon.The polyp was removed by endoscopic mucosal resection by monopolar electrocauterization using a snare.Pathological examination revealed GHT.After administering intravenous antibiotics,the patient recovered well.CONCLUSION GHT in the colon could affect the development of pyogenic liver abscess by enabling hematogenous propagation of Klebsiella pneumoniae through mucosal damage.However,more study is needed due to the lack of cases.

关键词： Gastric heterotopia Colon Liver abscess Case report