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Social Engineering Attack Classifications on Social Media Using Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4917-4931页

作者： Yichiet Aun Ming-lee Gan Nur Haliza Binti Abdul Wahab Goh Hock Guan Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanPerakMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohorMalaysia

In defense-in-depth,humans have always been the weakest link in ***,unlike common threats,social engineering poses vulnerabilities not directly quantifiable in penetration *** skilled social engineers trick users into giving up information voluntarily through attacks like phishing and *** Engineering(SE)in social media is structurally similar to regular posts but contains malicious intrinsic meaning within the sentence *** this paper,a novel SE model is trained using a Recurrent Neural Network Long Short Term Memory(RNN-LSTM)to identify well-disguised SE threats in social media *** use a custom dataset crawled from hundreds of corporate and personal Facebook ***,the social engineering attack detection pipeline(seaD)is designed to filter out social posts with malicious intents using domain ***,each social media post is tokenized into sentences and then analyzed with a sentiment analyzer before being labelled as an anomaly or normal training ***,we train an RNN-LSTM model to detect five types of social engineering attacks that potentially contain signs of information *** experimental result showed that the Social Engineering Attack(sea)model achieves 0.84 in classification precision and 0.81 in recall compared to the ground truth labeled by network *** experimental results showed that the semantics and linguistics similarities are an effective indicator for early detection of sea.

关键词： Social engineering attack cybersecurity machine learning(ML) artificial neural network(ANN) random forest classifier decision tree(DT)classifier

^(7)Be and^(210)Pb radioactivity and implications on sources of surface ozone at ***

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第2期50卷 167-171页

作者： ZHENGXiangdong WANGGuojiang TANGJie ZHANGXiaochun YANGWei H.N.lee WANGChangsheng ChineseacademyofMeteorologicalSciences Beijing100081China StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalGeochemistry ChineseAcademyofSciencesGuiyang550002China Chinese-GlobalAtmosphericWatch Xining710089China EnvironmentalMeasurementsLaboratory U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurityNewYorkNY10014-4811USA

Beryllium-7 (7Be) and lead-210 (210Pb) radioac- tivity in aerosols collected, from October 2002 to January 2004 at Mt. Waliguan, by the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Station, Qinghai Province is presented. The data were analyzed together with simultaneously measured surface ozone concentrations. We found that short time variations of 7Be and 210Pb were linked to alternations of synoptic weather around the Mt. Waliguan region. 210Pb showed the lowest concentration in summer while Be showed no obvious sea- 7 sonal changes. Relatively high Be and 7 210 Pb radioactivity was observed at Mt. Waliguan when compared with the ob- servations at other mountain sites in other parts of the world. Surface ozone and 7Be showed a consistent seasonalvariation. Surface ozone correlated fairly well with 7Be/210Pb ratio. This suggested that vertical transport from higher altitudes of the atmosphere has predominant effects on the budget of surface ozone at Mt. Waliguan.

关键词：大气污染悬浮微粒 ^7Be ^210pb 放射能表面臭氧 Mt.Waliguan 铍铅季节变化

Estimating the production and mortality of fine roots using minirhizotrons in a Pinus densiflora forest in Gwangneung,Korea

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1029-1035页

作者： Seung Hyun Han Soonjin Yun Jongyeol lee Seongjun Kim Hanna Chang Yowhan Son Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Graduate SchoolKorea University Department of Forest Conservation Korea Forest Research Institute Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Qatar University

The aim of this study was to estimate fine root production （FP） and fine root mortality （FM） at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depths using minirhizotrons in a 75-year-old Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forest located in Gwangneung, Korea. We developed the conversion factors （frame cm-2） of three soil depths （0.158 for 0-10 cm, 0.120 for 10-20 cm, and 0.131 for 20-30 cm） based on soil coring and minirhizotron data. FP and FM were estimated using conversion factors from March 26, 2013 to March 2, 2014. The annual FP and FM values at the 0-30 cm soil depth were 3200.2 and 2271.5 kg ha-1 yr -1, respectively. The FP estimate accounted for approximately 17 % of the total net primary production at the study site. FP was highest in summer （July 31-September 26）, and FM was highest in autumn （September 27-November 29）. FP was positively correlated with seasonal change in soil temperature, while FM was not related to that change. The sea- sonality of FP and FM might be linked to above-ground photosynthetic activity. Both FP and FM at the 0-10 cm depth were significantly higher than at 10-20 and 20-30 cm depths, and this resulted from the decrease in nutrient availability with increasing soil depth. The minirhizotron approach and conversion factors developed in this study will enable fast and accurate estimation of the fine root dynamics in P. densiflora forest ecosystems.

关键词： Conversion factor Fine root Minirhizotron Mortality Production

Is atmospheric pathway a significant contributor to microplastics in the marine environment?

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第2期10卷 26-32页

作者： Nazima Habibi Saif Uddin Montaha Behbehani Jin-Yong lee Environment and Life Sciences Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchKuwait Department of Geology Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea

Transmission of microplastics(MPs)through aerosolization has been recently realized as an important *** of the reports of the ubiquitous MP presence in aerosols,the spatio-temporal information is inadequate and has very limited practicality in assessing if aerosol can be a significant source of MPs to the marine *** on marine contribution to atmospheric MPs is exceptionally scarce,and the ocean-air exchange is considered an emerging research *** of MPs entering the oceans via atmospheric deposition has been recently *** idea of ocean-air exchange emanates from the fact that beach sediments can get suspended under sand and dust storms,bubble bursts and sea sprays due to wind and waves in surf zones can lead to the ejection of particles into *** this succinct review,we have tried compiling the data on atmospheric MPs that can shed some light on the flux from and to the aquatic *** the information is too limited never the less its incorporation into the marine MP cycle cannot be neglected.

关键词： Marine-atmospheric flux Aerosols Microplastics MP load MP inventories

The temporal and spatial variability of the Yellow sea Cold Water Mass in the southeastern Yellow sea, 2009–2011

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第9期32卷 1-10页

作者： OH Kyung-Hee lee Seok SONG Kyu-Min LIE Heung-Jae KIM Young-Taeg Marine Environment and Conservation Research Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Ocean Research Division Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration

The Yellow sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） is one of the important water mass in the Yellow sea （YS）. It is distributed in the lower layer in the Yellow sea central trough with the temperature less than 10℃ and the salinity lower than 33.0. To understand the variability of the YSCWM, the hydrographic data obtained in April and August during 2009-2011 are analyzed in the southeastern Yellow sea. In August 2011, relatively warm and saline water compared with that in 2009 and 2010 was detected in the lower layer in the Yellow sea central area. Although the typhoon passed before the cruise, the salinity in the Yellow sea central trough is much higher than the previous season. It means that the saline event cannot be explained by the typhoon but only by the intrusion of saline water during the previous winter. In April 2011, actually, warm and saline water （T 〉 10~C, S 〉34） was observed in the deepest water depth of the southeastern area of the Yellow sea. The wind data show that the northerly wind in 2011 winter is stronger than in 2009 and 2010 winter season. The strong northerly wind can trigger the intrusion of warm and saline Yellow sea Warm Current. Therefore, it is proposed that the strong northerly wind in winter season leads to the intrusion of the Yellow sea Warm Current into the Yellow sea central trough and influenced a variability of the YSCWM in summer.

关键词： Yellow sea Cold Water Mass interannual variation saline event atmosphere variability Yellow sea

Improved method for measuring the δ15N compound-specific amino acids: Application on mesopelagic fishes in the South China sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第1期41卷 30-38页

作者： Fuqiang Wang Ying Wu Lin Zhang Jie Jin Zuozhi Chen Jun Zhang Wing-man lee State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Center for Blue Life Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Department of Physical and Environmental Science Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiTexa 78412USA Key Field Scientific Experimental Station of South China sea Fishery Resource and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510300China South China sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou 510300China

Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of individual amino acids(CSIA-AA)has been widely used in ecological and biogeochemical *** has been proven to be powerful in tracing the diet sources and trophic ***,assessing the N sources of mesopelagic fishes has been inconclusive because the mesopelagic fishes’unique domain(water depth ranged from 0 to 1000 m)and unresolved nitrogen isotopes of various *** study proposes a new method for coupling instruments(ion chromatography and PreconIRMS)and chemical method of oxidation-reduction of amino acids,and also combinedδ15N of AAs withδ13C of fatty acids(FAs)to analyze the trophic interactions of mesopelagic fishes in the South China sea(SCS).AAs were isolated by ion chromatography with high peak resolution and collected by an automated fraction *** chemical method then converted the AAs into N2 O with a robust oxidation yields and suitable molar ratio of NH2 OH ***,theδ15N of AAs at 20 nmol were measured with a reasonable precision(sea ecosystem.

关键词： δ13C of fatty acids δ15N of amino acids ion chromatography mesopelagic fishes Precon-IRMS

Tetramic acid-motif natural products from a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 and their anti-Parkinson activities

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 84-92页

作者： Yuna Jung Chaesun Kwon Taeyeon Kim Jin Woo lee Min-Kyoo Shin Sang Hee Shim Natural Products Research Institute College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Duksung Women’s UniversitySeoul 01369Republic of Korea

Tetramic acid-containing natural products are attracting significantly increasing attention from biologists and chemists due to their intriguing structures and biological *** the present study,two new tetramic acid alkaloids tolypyridone I(1)and tolypyridone J(2),together with five known ones(3–7),were isolated from cultures of a marine fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum FB06 isolate obtained from a marine sediment in Beaufort sea of North *** structures were elucidated using 1D,2D NMR,and *** configurations were established on the basis of 1H coupling constants,ROESY correlations and DP4 *** 2 was isolated as mixtures of rotational isomers with C-3 to C-7 axis between 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylcyclohexane,hindering *** our unbiased screening to discover neuroprotective compounds in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease(PD)model,SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells were treated with isolated compounds followed by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP^(+)),a parkinsonian *** tested compounds,F-14329(7)significantly protected cells from MPP^(+)-induced ***^(+)-mediated cell death is known to be related to the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins,specifically the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax *** with 2 mmol/L of MPP^(+)for 24 h significantly reduced Bcl-2 levels compared to control treated with ***,treatment with F-14329(7)attenuated such *** study demonstrates that tetramic acid-motif compounds could be potential lead compounds for treating PD.

关键词： Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Tetramic acid Tolypyridone Parkinson’s disease

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农妇与海精灵

初中生 2021年第18期 26-29页

作者： Katherine Follett luke(编译) 不详

这个故事的灵感源自智利民间传说中一个名叫"坪科雅"的水精灵。据传,坪科雅之所以跳舞,是为了让人们知道当年捕鱼会不会有好收成。"赛琳娜",故事中海精灵的名字,在西班牙语中是"美人鱼"的意思。伊莎贝拉年纪大了,腰酸背痛,没办法继续打... 详细信息

这个故事的灵感源自智利民间传说中一个名叫"坪科雅"的水精灵。据传,坪科雅之所以跳舞,是为了让人们知道当年捕鱼会不会有好收成。"赛琳娜",故事中海精灵的名字,在西班牙语中是"美人鱼"的意思。伊莎贝拉年纪大了,腰酸背痛,没办法继续打理她的大花园了。孩子们都已经长大成人。"没有人再需要我。"她这么想着。于是,她离开村庄,搬到海边的一个小棚屋,独自一人住在那里。

关键词：腰酸背痛独自一人伊莎贝拉美人鱼西班牙语海精灵民间传说

Indian monsoon variability in the Mahanadi Basin over the last two glacial cycles and its implications on the Indonesian throughflow

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 215-229页

作者： Jongmin lee Sunghan Kim Minoru Ikehara Keiji Horikawa Yoshihiro Asahara Chan Min Yoo Boo-Keun Khim Department of Oceanography Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea Deep-sea Mineral Resources Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science&TechnologyBusan 49111South Korea Division of Glacial Environment Research Korea Polar Research InstituteIncheon 21990South Korea Center for Advanced Marine Research Kochi UniversityKochi 783-8502Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research University of ToyamaToyama 930-8555Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Nagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan

The orbital-scale variability of the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)has been influenced by multiple factors,such as atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,global ice volume,and *** for weathering activity and paleo-productivity provide potential insights into the driving forces of its *** documented multi-proxy data at IODP Site U1445,located in the Mahanadi Basin of the northwestern Bay of Bengal,to find out ISM variability over the last 200 *** proxy records,such as Nd/Sr isotopes of detrital particles,clay mineral compositions of the fine-grained sediments,biogenic opal and CaCO_(3),organic carbon contents,and carbon isotopes of organic matter,represent sediment sources,weathering patterns,and paleo-productivity related to the ISM *** Nd/Sr isotope data and clay mineral compositions suggest that the sediments at Site U1445 originated mainly from the Ganges,Brahmaputra,and Meghna rivers without dramatic provenance change between the glacial and interglacial *** weathering activity inferred from clay mineral compositions and the paleo-productivity shift reconstructed by biogenic opal and CaCO_(3)contents suggest that the land-sea interactions were closely linked to the ISM precipitation between the glacial and interglacial *** precipitation by the strong ISM resulted in intense chemical weathering and dominant biogenic opal deposition during the interglacial *** contrast,low precipitation by the weak ISM led to reduced chemical weathering and predominant CaCO_(3)deposition during the glacial ***,the ISM variability driving the land-sea interactions in the Mahanadi Basin was modulated by the Indonesian throughflow(ITF).Our study emphasizes the role of low-latitude forcing of climatic changes in the strong relationship between the ISM and ITF over orbital periods,providing a base for future investigations.

关键词： Provenance Weathering activity Paleo-productivity Indian summer monsoon Bay of Bengal Indonesian throughflow