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Tree mycorrhizal associations determine how biodiversity,large trees,and environmental factors drive aboveground carbon stock in temperate forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 448-456页

作者： Yue Chen Zikun Mao Jonathan A.myers Jinghua Yu Xugao Wang CAS key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Shenyang110016China Department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA

Biodiversity,large trees,and environmental conditions such as climate and soil have important effects on forest carbon ***,recent studies in temperate forests suggest that the relative importance of these factors depends on tree mycorrhizal associations,whereby large-tree effects may be driven by ectomycorrhizal(EM)trees,diversity effects may be driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)trees,and environment effects may depend on differential climate and soil preferences of AM and EM *** test this hypothesis,we used forest-inventory data consisting of over 80,000 trees from 631 temperate-forest plots(30 m×30 m)across Northeast China to examine how biodiversity(species diversity and ecological uniqueness),large trees(top 1%of tree diameters),and environmental factors(climate and soil nutrients)differently regulate aboveground carbon stocks of AM trees,EM trees,and AM and EM trees combined(*** aboveground carbon stock).We found that large trees had a positive effect on both AM and EM tree carbon ***,biodiversity and environmental factors had opposite effects on AM *** tree carbon ***,the two components of biodiversity had positive effects on AM tree carbon stocks,but negative effects on EM tree carbon *** heterogeneity(mean annual temperature and soil nutrients)also exhibited contrasting effects on AM and EM tree carbon ***,for the total carbon stock,the positive large-tree effect far surpasses the diversity and environment *** is mainly because when integrating AM and EM tree carbon stock into total carbon stock,the opposite diversity-effect(also environment-effect)on AM *** tree carbon stock counteracts each other while the consistent positive large-tree effect on AM and EM tree carbon stock is *** summary,this study emphasized a mycorrhizal viewpoint to better understand the determinants of overarching aboveground carbon profile across regional forests.

关键词： Biodiversity Ecological uniqueness Environment heterogeneity Large trees Mycorrhizal associations Tree carbon stock

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Direct Pointwise Comparison of FE Predictions to StereoDIC Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notched Tensile Specimen

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1263-1298页

作者： Troy myers Michael A.Sutton Hubert Schreier Alistair Tofts Sreehari Rajan kattil Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA Correlated Solutions Incorporated 121 Dutchman BlvdColumbiaSC29063USA

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is *** procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric *** an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress *** Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

关键词： StereoDIC spatial co-registration data transformation finite element simulations point-wise comparison of measurements and FEA predictions double edge notch specimen model validation

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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak Matthew B.myers Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University Oil and Gas Innovation Centre Management State key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373k） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

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Development of a Proof-of-Concept Multi-Method Computer Simulation to Support Rural Healthcare Disaster Preparedness Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.Berg kristina W.kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly Scott A.Lawson Carole R.myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public Health and Healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a la.k.of resources, rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as well as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow of affected people into and through the *** combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering Rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

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IPEX综合征的临床和分子学异常表现

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 11-11页

作者： myers a.k. Perroni L. Costigan C. Reardon W 张振 National Centre for Medical Genetics Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children Crumlin Dublin 12 Ireland.Dr

IPEX (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked syndrome) is a rare disorder which usually results in death in early infancy or childhood . Clinical awareness remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, and provided that the diagnosis is entertained, mutation analysis for FOXP3 gene mutations can be con firmatory. Two new patients in whom IPEX was diagnosed retrospectively are repor ted.

关键词： X综合征异常表现临床分子学回顾性诊断免疫功能失调 X染色体连锁内分泌病早期死亡

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Physiological and Growth Responses of C_3 and C_4 Plants to Reduced Temperature When Grown at Low CO_2 of the Last Ice Age

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1388-1395页

作者： Joy k.Ward David A.myers Richard B.Thomas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Department of Biology West Virginia University

During the last ice age, CO2 concentration （[CO2]） was 180-200 umol/mol compared with the modern value of 380 umol/mol, and global temperatures were -8 ℃ cooler. Relatively little is known about the responses of C3 and C4 species to longterm exposure to glacial conditions. Here Abutilon theophrasti Medik. （C3） and Amaranthus retroflexus L. （C4） were grown at 200 umol/mol CO2 with current （30/24℃） and glacial （22/16℃） temperatures for 22d. Overall, the C4 species exhibited a large growth advantage over the C3 species at low [CO2]. However, this advantage was reduced at low temperature, where the C4 species produced 5x the total mass of the C3 species versus 14x at the high temperature. This difference was due to a reduction in C4 growth at low temperature, since the C3 species exhibited similar growth between temperatures. Physiological differences between temperatures were not detected for either species, although photorespiration/net photosynthesis was reduced in the C3 species grown at low temperature, suggesting evidence of improved carbon balance at this treatment. This system suggests that C4 species had a growth advantage over C3 species during low [CO2] of the last ice age, although concurrent reductions in temperatures may have reduced this advantage.

关键词： Abutilon theophrasti Amaranthus retroflexus C3 species C4 species climate change low CO2 low temperature photorespiration Pleistocene.

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Function and regulation of self-reactive marginal zone B cells in autoimmune arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第4期12卷 493-503页

作者： Anna.k.rin E Palm Heike C Friedrich Anja Mezger Maya Salomonsson Linda.k.myers Sandra.k.einau Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Department of Pediatrics University of Tennessee Health ScienceCenter Memphis TN USA

Polyreactive innate-type B cells account for many B cells expressing self-reactivity in the periphery. Improper regulation of these B cells may be an important factor that underlies autoimmune disease. Here we have explored the influence of self-reactive innate B cells in the development of collagen-induced arthritis （CIA）, a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. We show that splenic marginal zone （MZ）, but not B- 1 B cells exhibit spontaneous IgM reactivity to autologous collagen II in na＇=＇ve mice. Upon immunization with heterologous collagen II in complete Freund＇s adjuvant the collagen-reactive MZ B cells expanded rapidly, while the B-1 B cells showed a modest anti-collagen response. The MZ B cells were easily activated by toll-like receptor （TLR） 4 and 9-1igands in vitro, inducing proliferation and cytokine secretion, implying that dual engagement of the B-cell receptor and TLRs may promote the immune response to self-antigen. Furthermore, collagen-primed MZ B cells showed significant antigen-presenting capacity as reflected by cognate T-cell proliferation in vitroand induction of IgG anti-collagen antibodies in vivo. MZ B cells that were deficient in complement receptors I and 2 demonstrated increased proliferation and cytokine production, while Fcy receptor lib deficiency of the cells lead to increased cytokine production and antigen presentation. In conclusion, our data highlight self-reactive MZ B cells as initiators of the autoimmune response in CIA, where complement and Fc receptors are relevant in controlling the self-reactivity in the cells.

关键词： arthritis complement receptors Fc receptors marginal zone B cells, mice

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Surface plasma treatment effects on the molecular structure at polyimide/air and buried polyimide/epoxy interfaces

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 449-454页

作者： John N.myers Zhan Chen Department of Chemistry University of Michigan

Polyimides are widely used as chip passivation layers and organic substrates in microelectronic pa.k.ging. Plasma treatment has been used to enhance the interfacial properties of polyimides, but its molecular mechanism is not clear. In this research, the effects of polyimide surface plasma treatment on the molecular structures at corresponding polyimide/air and buried polyimideJepoxy interfaces were investigated in situ using sum frequency generation （SFG） vibrational spectroscopy. SFG results show that the polyimide ba.k.one molecular structure was different at polyimide/air and polyimideJepoxy interfaces before and after plasma treatment. The different molecular structures at each interface indicate that structural reordering of the polyimide ba.k.one occurred as a result of plasma treatment and contact with the epoxy adhesive. Furthermore, quantitative orientation analysis indicated that plasma treatment of polyimide surfaces altered the twist angle of the polyimide ba.k.one at corresponding buried polyimide/epoxy interfaces. These SFG results indicate that plasma treatment of polymer surfaces can alter the molecular structure at corresponding polymer/air and buried polymer interfaces.

关键词： Molecular structureVibrational spectroscopySum frequency generation spectroscopy

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Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer incidence:The NIH-AARP diet and health study

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第6期12卷 739-746页

作者： Baruch Vainshelboim Jonathan myers Charles EMatthews Center for Tobacco Research Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43214USA Cardiology Division Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA Metabolic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMD 20850USA

Ba.k.round Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness(NEE-CRF)has been shown to be associated with mortality,although its association with cancer incidence is *** study aimed to assess the prospective association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence in a large cohort of men and *** The National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons diet and health study is a prospective cohort that included 402,548 participants aged 50–71 years who were free from cancer at baseline(1995–1996)(men(n=238,835)and women(n=163,713))and were followed until December 31,*** exposure variable was NEE-CRF expressed in metabolic ***-CRF was estimated using a validated equation of self-reported predictors on demographics and lifestyle behaviors derived from baseline *** outcomes were total cancer incidence and incidence of prostate,breast,lung,and colorectal *** proportional hazards models were analyzed for the association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence outcomes adjusted for established cancer risk *** During 13.7±3.2 years of follow-up(mean±SD),64,344 men and 31,315 women developed a new *** every 1-metabolic equivalent higher NEE-CRF,the hazard ratios and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.96(95%CI:0.94–0.97)and 0.88(95%CI:0.84–0.92)of total and colorectal cancer incidence among men,and 0.95(95%CI:0.93–0.97)and 0.94(95%CI:0.91–0.97)of total and breast cancer incidence among women,respectively(all pk *** NEE-CRF into screening paradigms and referring low-fit individuals to improve CRF could complemen

关键词： Aerobic capacity Breast cancer Cancer risk Colorectal cancer VO_(2max)

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Tactical planning:improving performance for information technology (IT) groups creating digital projects

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2010年第11期11卷 927-930页

作者： Melanie D.myers Library Information Technology Carnegie Mellon University

Good planning and communication are crucial to the digitization *** originators of project proposals and donors who finance the work are often not technically *** may have vastly different expectations of the complexi... 详细信息

关键词：信息技术项目组成绩 IT 规划战术数字化进程项目建议书

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