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矿产勘查 2024年第7期15卷 1238-1244页

作者：张平刘牧星徐飞有色金属矿产地质调查中心北京100012 北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司北京100012

AMT法观测天然交变电磁场,通过数据处理和反演可获得地下介质的电性分布特征,近年来得到了广泛应用。AMT数据曲线图包括测点信息、视电阻率和阻抗相位曲线及数据,可直观反映测点数据质量和曲线类型,是重要的原始资料。加拿大Phoenix Geo... 详细信息

AMT法观测天然交变电磁场,通过数据处理和反演可获得地下介质的电性分布特征,近年来得到了广泛应用。AMT数据曲线图包括测点信息、视电阻率和阻抗相位曲线及数据,可直观反映测点数据质量和曲线类型,是重要的原始资料。加拿大Phoenix Geophysics公司的MTU-5A和V8大地电磁仪是国内最常见的AMT仪器,原始数据经预处理,用MT-Editor软件编辑后可以批量导出PLT格式文件,使用awk命令可从PLT文件中提取测点信息和视电阻率、阻抗相位数据,利用GMT绘图软件将测点信息和数据绘制成图,结合循环语句可达到批量成图的目的。AMT数据曲线图可应用于原始数据质量评价和AMT测深曲线类型判别,在工作区地电规律研究中具有重要意义。

关键词： AMT法 GMT awk PLT文件批处理

Influence of vegetation type and topographic position on volumetric soil water content dynamics and similarity among surface and deep soil layers

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 183-196页

作者： muxing liu Qiuyue Wang Jun Yi Hailin Zhang Ji liu Wei Hu Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation Hubei ProvinceWuhan430079China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704Christchurch8140New Zealand

Clarifying the mechanisms governing volumetric soil water content(VSWC)dynamics in soil profiles is essential,as it can help to elucidate soil water transport processes and improve the prediction accuracy of soil hydrological *** Spearman's rank correlation and wavelet coherence analysis methods,similarity in soil profile VSWC dynamics and factors governing VSWC soil profile dynamics in upslopes and downslopes under three vegetation types(evergreen forest[EG],secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs[SDFS],and deforested pasture[DP])at different time scales(hourly,daily,weekly,and monthly)and in different seasons were *** results revealed significant similarity in the VSWC of different soil depths(Pweekly(42.8%)>daily(21.8%).The effects of soil properties(e.g.,texture,saturated hydraulic conductivity),rainfall,and potential evapotranspiration(ET_(p))on VSWC similarity were related to the time scale and season in which VSWC monitoring took *** properties had apparent effects on VSWC similarity at longer time scales(i.e.,monthly),with a high *** contrast,the effects of rainfall and ET_(p) on VSWC similarity were concentrated at weekly and daily scales,with a relatively low *** and ET_(p) dominated VSWC dynamics in the summer and fall,*** results imply the use of measured VSWC at one soil depth to predict the VSWC at other soil depths was a reliable *** the in-fluence of time scale effects and seasonal variations on prediction accuracy of VSWC should be considered.

关键词： Volumetric soil water content Wavelet analysis Significant coherence area Time scale Vegetation type Slope postion

近江平原区土壤水力参数及相关理化性质空间分布与影响因素

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土壤 2024年第1期56卷 182-192页

作者：石常卿张海林韩雨蓉陈羽魏雅清王平谢璇刘济刘目兴易军地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室武汉430079 华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院武汉430079

为研究土壤水力参数的空间分布特征,并揭示相关影响因素,以江汉平原典型近江农业区为研究单元,采集不同类型农用地的浅层(0~40 cm)原状和扰动土样,测定其水力参数和相关理化性质,揭示各水力参数及相关理化性质的空间分布特征,比较不同... 详细信息

为研究土壤水力参数的空间分布特征,并揭示相关影响因素,以江汉平原典型近江农业区为研究单元,采集不同类型农用地的浅层(0~40 cm)原状和扰动土样,测定其水力参数和相关理化性质,揭示各水力参数及相关理化性质的空间分布特征,比较不同样地各参数和性质的差异,并分析相关影响因素。结果表明:研究区土壤各基本理化性质(土壤机械组成、有机质含量、容重、直径>0.1 mm和>0.3 mm大孔隙含量)和水力参数(饱和含水量(θ_(s))、残余含水量(θ_(r))、水分特征曲线拟合参数α和n、田间持水量(θ_(f))、凋萎系数(θ_(w))和最大有效水含量(θ_(AW)))均具有明显的空间异质性;近江区土壤机械组成、有机质含量、容重等部分理化性质与距江远近具有较强的空间相关性;直径>0.1 mm和>0.3 mm大孔隙含量,θs和θr,以及θf和θ_(AW)的空间分布特征相似。不同样地的有机质含量、容重和直径>0.3 mm大孔隙含量具有显著差异。土壤理化性质的差异显著影响了Ks和水分特征曲线参数(特别是θs和n)。不同农用地土壤的水力性质也存在差异,稻田和旱地的入渗性能较好,表现为最高的中位Ks(18.7 cm/h),其他样地的Ks差异较小(9.2~10.5 cm/h)。菜地的持水能力最强,表现为较高的θf(0.46 cm^(3)/cm^(3))、θw(0.07 cm^(3)/cm^(3))和θAW(0.39 cm^(3)/cm^(3)),其他样地的土壤水力参数差异较小。河流冲积物的分布显著影响了研究区农用地的土壤机械组成,对容重和有机质含量分布也有一些影响;而人类耕作活动可以显著改变土壤的有机质含量、大孔隙含量和容重,但对机械组成影响较小;自然要素和人为活动的共同作用影响了各水力参数的分布特征。在近江农业区开展土壤调查和农业生产规划时,需要考虑河流冲积物的分布特征。

关键词：土壤理化性质饱和导水率水分特征曲线水分常数空间异质性农用地

Soil erosion assessment by RUSLE with improved P factor and its validation:Case study on mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 433-444页

作者： Pei Tian Zhanliang Zhu Qimeng Yue Yi He Zhaoyi Zhang Fanghua Hao Wenzhao Guo Lin Chen muxing liu Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation of Hubei Province Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079PR China School of Geosciences The University of EdinburghEH89XPUK Department of Geography University of MontrealH2V 0B3MontrealQCCanada State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Water and Soil ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100Shaanxi PR China

The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is widely used to estimate regional soil ***,quantitative impacts of soil and water conservation(SWC)measures on conservation practice factor(P)of the RUSLE remain largely unclear,especially for the mountainous and hilly *** this study,we improved the RUSLE by considering quantitative impacts of different SWC measures on the P factor *** improved RUSLE was validated against the long-term(2000-2015)soil erosion monitoring data obtained from 96 runoff plots(15—35°)in mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China;the result presented a high accuracy with the determination coefficient of *** on the erosion monitoring data of 2018 and 2019,the Root Mean Square Error of the result by the improved RUSLE was 28.0%smaller than that by the original RUSLE with decrement of 19.6%—24.0%in the average P factor values,indicating that the soil erosion modelling accuracy was significantly enhanced by the improved *** low P factor values appeared for farmlands with tillage measures(P<0.53),grasslands with engineering measures(P<0.23),woodlands with biological measures(P<0.28),and other land use types with biological measures(P<0.51).The soil erosion modulus showed a downward trend with the corresponding values of 1681.21,1673.14,1594.70,1482.40 and 1437.50 t km^(-2)a-1 in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019,*** applicability of the improved RUSLE was verified by the measurements in typical mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China,and arrangements of SWC measures of this area were proposed.

关键词： Conservation practice factor(P) Soil and water conservation measure Soil erosion Land use Monitoring data

The Piks allele of the NLR immune receptor Pik breaks the recognition of AvrPik effectors of rice blast fungus

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第3期65卷 810-824页

作者： Gui Xiao Wenjuan Wang muxing liu Ya Li Jianbin liu Marina Franceschetti Zhaofeng Yi Xiaoyuan Zhu Zhengguang Zhang Guodong Lu Mark J.Banfield Jun Wu Bo Zhou State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha 410128China International Rice Research Institute Metro Manila 1301Philppines Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection Plant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural Universityand Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistry of EducationNanjing 210095China State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Arms race co-evolution of plant–pathogen interactions evolved sophisticated recognition mechanisms between host immune receptors and pathogen effectors. Different allelic haplotypes of an immune receptor in the host mount distinct recognition against sequence or non-sequence related effectors in pathogens. We report the molecular characterization of the Piks allele of the rice immune receptor Pik against rice blast pathogen, which requires two head-to-head arrayed nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat proteins. Like other Pik alleles, both Piks-1 and Piks-2 are necessary and sufficient for mediating resistance. However, unlike other Pik alleles, Piks does not recognize any known AvrPik variants of Magnaporthe oryzae. Sequence analysis of the genome of an avirulent isolate V86010 further revealed that its cognate avirulence(Avr) gene most likely has no significant sequence similarity to known AvrPik variants. Piks-1 and Pikm-1 have only two amino acid differences within the integrated heavy metal-associated(HMA) domain. Pikm-HMA interacts with AvrPik-A,-D, and-E in vitro and in vivo,whereas Piks-HMA does not bind any AvrPik variants. Characterization of two amino acid residues differing Piks-1 from Pikm-1 reveal that Piks-E229Q derived from the exchange of Glu229 to Gln229 in Piks-1 gains recognition specificity against AvrPik-D but not AvrPik-A or-E, indicating that Piks-E229Q partially restores the Pikm spectrum. By contrast,Piks-A261V derived from the exchange of Ala261 to Val261 in Piks-1 retains Piks recognition *** conclude that Glu229 in Piks-1 is critical for Piks breaking the canonical Pik/AvrPik recognition pattern. Intriguingly, binding activity and ectopic cell death induction is maintained between Piks-A261V and AvrPik-D, implying that positive outcomes from ectopic assays might be insufficient to deduce its immune activity against the relevant effectors in rice and rice blast interaction.

关键词： AvrPik co-evolution NBS-LRR Piks recognition

Influence of canopy and topographic position on soil moisture response to rainfall in a hilly catchment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area,China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第6期30卷 949-968页

作者： liu muxing WANG Qiuyue GUO Li Yl Jun LIN Henry ZHU Qing FAN Bihang ZHANG Hailin College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology.CASNanjing 210008China

Rainfall provides essential water resource for vegetation growth and acts as driving force for hydrologic process,bedrock weathering and nutrient cycle in the steep hilly *** the effects of rainfall features,vegetation types,topography,and also their interactions on soil water movement and soil moisture dynamics are inadequately *** the coupled wet and dry periods of the year 2018 to 2019,time-series soil moisture was monitored with 5-min interval resolution in a hilly catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in *** hillslopes covered with evergreen forest(EG),secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs(SDFS)and deforested pasture(DP)were selected,and two monitoring sites with five detected depths were established at upslope and downslope position,*** parameters expressing soil moisture response to rainfall event were evaluated,including wetting depth,cumulative rainfall amount and lag time before initial response,maximum increase of soil water storage,and transform ratio of rainwater to soil *** results indicated that rainfall amount is the dominant rainfall variable controlling soil moisture response to rainfall *** soil moisture response occurred when rainfall amounts was30 *** the wet period,the cumulative rainfall amount to trigger surface soil moisture response in EG-up site was significantly higher than in other five ***,no significant difference in cumulative rainfall amount to trigger soil moisture response was observed among all study sites in dry *** canopy interception reduced the transform ratio of rainwater to soil water,with a higher reduction in vegetation growth period than in other ***,interception of vegetation canopy resulted in a larger accumulated rainfall amount and a longer lag time for initiating soil moisture response to ***

关键词： interception infiltration lateral flow soil water storage forest pasture

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农田休闲期作物留茬对近地表风场的影响

农业工程学报 2009年第9期25卷 295-300页

作者：刘目兴刘连友华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院武汉430079 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学资源学院北京100875

留茬是防治农田休闲期土壤风蚀的有效措施。该文利用野外观测数据,通过比较不同高度的4种作物留茬及冰草覆盖地表的风速廓线,分析各种处理下近地面风速和空气动力学特征,揭示作物留茬防止土壤风蚀的机制。结果表明:作物留茬降低了地面以... 详细信息

留茬是防治农田休闲期土壤风蚀的有效措施。该文利用野外观测数据,通过比较不同高度的4种作物留茬及冰草覆盖地表的风速廓线,分析各种处理下近地面风速和空气动力学特征,揭示作物留茬防止土壤风蚀的机制。结果表明:作物留茬降低了地面以上2m高度内的风速,降低幅度与留茬高度成正比,与观测高度成反比。高度相同时不同类型的留茬比较,莜麦和小麦茬下风速降低幅度较大,植株稀疏的油菜茬和秸秆较细的胡麻茬的防风效果较差。同类作物不同高度的留茬覆盖下,地表空气动力学粗糙度随留茬高度的增加而增大,在莜麦、油菜和小麦茬高度达到15、30和15cm时显著增大,是3种留茬防风的有效高度。可见,高度适宜的作物留茬能降低近地面风速,削弱侵蚀力,有效防治土壤风蚀。

关键词：侵蚀空气动力学粗糙度测量作物留茬摩阻速度土壤风蚀

Distinctive phosphorylation pattern during mitotic exit network(MEN)regulation is important for the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 182-192页

作者： Wanzhen Feng Jiansheng Wang Xinyu liu Haowen Wu muxing liu Haifeng Zhang Xiaobo Zheng Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural Universityand Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistry of EducationNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Nanjing Nanjing 210095China Departments of Microbiology Immunologyand Parasitologyand PediatricsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana 70112USA

The mitotic exit network(MEN)pathway is a vital kinase cascade regulating the timely and correct progress of cell *** the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,the MEN pathway,consisting of conserved protein kinases MoSep1 and MoMob1-MoDbf2,is important in the development and pathogenicity of the *** found that deletion of MoSEP1 affects the phosphorylation of MoMob1,but not MoDbf2,in contrast to what was found in the buddy yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and verified this finding by in vitro phosphorylation assay and mass spectrom-etry(MS)*** also found that S43 residue is the critical phosphor-site of MoMob1 by MoSep1,and proved that MoSep1-dependent MoMob1 phosphorylation is essential for cell division during the development of *** further provided evidence demonstrating that MoSep1 phosphorylates MoMob1 to maintain the cell cycle during vegetative growth and *** together,our results revealed that the MEN pathway has both distinct and conservative functions in regulating the cell cycle during the development and pathogenesis of ***.

关键词： Mitotic exit network(MEN) Phosphorylation Pathogenicity Rice blast

Co-evolved plant and blast fungus ascorbate oxidases orchestrate the redox state of host apoplast to modulate rice immunity

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1347-1366页

作者： Jiexiong Hu muxing liu Ao Zhang Ying Dai Weizhong Chen Fang Chen Wenya Wang Danyu Shen Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria Bin Ren Haifeng Zhang Huanbin Zhou Bo Zhou Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural Universityand Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistryof EducationNanjingChina The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Genetics and Biotechnology Division International Rice Research InstituteLos BanosLaguna 4031Philippines State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Microbiology Immunologyand ParasitologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA

Apoplastic ascorbate oxidases(AOs)play a critical role in reactive oxygen species(RoS)-mediated innate host immunity by regulating the apoplast redox *** date,little is known about how apoplastic effectors of the riceblast fungus Magnaportheoryzaemodulate the apoplast redox state of rice to subvert plant *** this study,we demonstrated that *** MoAo1 is an Ao that plays a role in virulence by modulating the apoplast redox status of rice *** showed that MoAo1 inhibits the activity of rice OsAO3and OsAO4,which also regulate the apoplast redox status and plant *** addition,we found that MoAo1,OsAO3,andOsAO4 allexhibit polymorphic variations whosevaried interactions orchestrate pathogen virulence and rice *** together,our results reveal a critical role for extracellular redox enzymes during rice blast infection and shed light on the importance of the apoplast redox state anditsregulation inplant-pathogeninteractions.

关键词： apoplast redox state RoS ascorbate oxidase polymorphism rice blast host immunity