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The use of natural product-papaya pulp powder as a disintegrant in tablet formulation and their invitro evaluation

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Dilip Chandrasekhar Saraswathy R krishnan.N.V Al Shifa College Of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325

Objective:An attempt was made to study the use of papaya pulp powder as a disintegrant in tablet formulations. The objective of the present work is to identify a natural binding and disintegrating agent for formulating tablets and to study the effect of disintegrating agents and binding agents on the dissolution of the formulation containing ***:Papaya pulp powder is obtained from unripe papaya *** fruit was screened for its physical and chemical characteristics and used in tablet *** order to find out the percentage that could be used to formulate a product containing good disintegrating and dissolution characteristics, several formulations(Paracetamol) with different concentrations of 8%,10%,12%,15%,20%,25%& 30%were *** a comparison,an already established disintegrant,sodium starchgylcolate was selected and several formulations containing similar concentrations,were also *** invitro evaluation of the formulations were undertaken,and the results *** the present study preformulation studies on the purity, development of calibration curve of the drug and the compatibility between the drug and excepients were carried *** fruits were cut into small pieces,grated,dried and powdered,passed through different sieves and made into fine *** powder of papaya was mixed with required amount of drug and sodium starchgylcolate individually in different concentrations along with other additives & binding *** dried granules were compressed into tablets and all the formulated dosage forms of paracetamol tablets were subjected to quality control tests like hardness disintegration and ***:From the results it was observed that formulations S1 and P7 containing 8%of sodium starchgylcolate and 30%of papaya pulp powder showed good disintegration and dissolution ***:Since the tablet formulation P7 containing 30%of papaya pulp powder shows good disintegration and dissolution

关键词： Papaya pulp powder Disintegrants Invitrostudies Formulation

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An interpretation of wave refraction and its influence on foreshore sediment distribution

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 151-160页

作者： Vincent Jayaraj Joevivek Nainarpandian Chandrasekar Ramakrishnan Jayangondaperumal Vikram Chandra Thakur krishnan Shree Purniema Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology Centre for GeoTechnology Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Francis Xavier Engineering College Structure and Tectonics Group Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

To analyze the grain size and depositional environment of the foreshore sediments, a study was undertaken on wave refraction along the wide sandy beaches of central Tamil Nadu coast. The nearshore waves approach the coast at 45° during the northeast(NE) monsoon, at 135° during the southwest(SW) monsoon and at 90° during the non-monsoon or fair-weather period with a predominant wave period of 8 and 10 s. A computer based wave refraction pattern is constructed to evaluate the trajectories of shoreward propagating waves along the coast in different seasons. The convergent wave rays during NE monsoon, leads to high energy wave condition which conveys a continuous erosion at foreshore region while divergent and inept condition of rays during the SW and non-monsoon, leads to moderate and less energy waves that clearly demarcates the rebuilt beach sediments through littoral sediment transport. The role of wave refraction in foreshore deposits was understood by grain size and depositional environment analysis. The presence of fine grains with the mixed population, during the NE monsoon reveals that the high energy wave condition and sediments were derived from beach and river environment. Conversely, the presence of medium grains with uniform population, during SW and non-monsoon attested less turbulence and sediments were derived from prolong propagation of onshore-offshore wave *** upshots are apparently correlated with the in situ beach condition. On the whole, from this study it is understood that beaches underwent erosion during the NE monsoon and restored its original condition during the SW and non-monsoon seasons that exposed the stability of the beach and nearshore condition.

关键词： foreshore grain size wave refraction sediment transport beach India

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A universal strategy for the creation of machine learning-based atomistic force fields

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 146-153页

作者： Tran Doan Huan Rohit Batra James Chapman Sridevi krishnan Lihua Chen Rampi Ramprasad Department of Materials Science&Engineering and Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut97 North Eagleville Rd.Unit 3136StorrsCT 06269-3136USA

Emerging machine learning(ML)-based approaches provide powerful and novel tools to study a variety of physical and chemical *** this contribution,we outline a universal strategy to create ML-based atomistic force fields,which can be used to perform high-fidelity molecular dynamics *** scheme involves(1)preparing a big reference dataset of atomic environments and forces with sufficiently low noise,e.g.,using density functional theory or higher-level methods,(2)utilizing a generalizable class of structural fingerprints for representing atomic environments,(3)optimally selecting diverse and nonredundant training datasets from the reference data,and(4)proposing various learning approaches to predict atomic forces directly(and rapidly)from atomic *** the atomistic forces,accurate potential energies can then be obtained by appropriate integration along a reaction coordinate or along a molecular dynamics *** on this strategy,we have created model ML force fields for six elemental bulk solids,including Al,Cu,Ti,W,Si,and C,and show that all of them can reach chemical *** proposed procedure is general and universal,in that it can potentially be used to generate ML force fields for any material using the same unified workflow with little human ***,the force fields can be systematically improved by adding new training data progressively to represent atomic environments not encountered previously.

关键词： utilizing preparing selecting

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Graph-theoretic algorithms for cyber-physical vulnerability analysis of power grid with incomplete information

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第5期6卷 887-899页

作者： Anurag K.SRIVASTAVA Timothy A.ERNSTER Ren LIU Vignesh G.krishnan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dominion Power

A key focus recently has been on assessing therisk of a coordinated cyber-physical attack and minimizing the impact of a successful attack. Most of the cyberattackers will have limited system information and conventional power grid N-1 security analysis cannot be extended to assess the risk. Centrality measures are widely used in the network science and an attacker with incomplete information can use it to identify power system vulnerabilities by defining the system as a complex network but without real-time system measurements. This paper presents a graph theory based centrality indices for vulnerability assessment of the power system due to various bus and branch contingencies using limited system information and provides a preliminary defense mechanism to prevent such an attack. Proposed work answers the fundamental question of possible attack scenarios by balancing risk(limited information with low risk to get caught orhigh risk attack to access more system information) and impact(identifying contingencies with maximal impact on system operation). Statistical comparisons are made between the graph theory measures compared to the corresponding DC power flow based N-X linear sensitivity measures. A unified N-X centrality based performance index is proposed and validated against the AC power flow based performance index by doing the real-time simulations of an N-3 attack scenario. Defensive mechanisms using topology-based performance indices are also presented.

关键词： Cyber-physical security Graph theory Transmission system Contingency Defense mechanism Incomplete information

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Oesophageal atresia: The growth gap

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第12期26卷 1262-1272页

作者： Isabelle Traini Jessica Menzies Jennifer Hughes Steven Thomas Leach Usha krishnan School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Speech Pathology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology Sydney Children’s HospitalRandwickNSW 2031Australia

Poor growth is an under-recognised yet significant long-term sequelae of oesophageal atresia(OA)*** studies have specifically explored the reasons for growth impairment in this complex *** association between poor growth with younger age and fundoplication appears to have the strongest supportive evidence,highlighting the need for early involvement of a dietitian and speech pathologist,and consideration of optimal medical reflux management prior to referring for anti-reflux ***,it remains difficult to reach conclusions regarding other factors which may negatively influence growth,due to conflicting findings,inconsistent definitions and lack of validated tool *** swallowing and feeding difficulties are particularly frequent in younger children,their relationship with growth remains *** is possible that these morbidities impact on the diet of children with OA,but detailed analysis of dietary composition and quality,and its relationship with these complications and growth,has not yet been *** potential area of research in OA is the role of the microbiota in growth and *** the microbiota has been linked to growth impairment in other paediatric conditions,it is yet to be investigated in *** research is needed to identify the most important contributory factors to poor growth,the role of the intestinal microbiota,and effective interventions to maximise growth and nutritional outcomes in this cohort.

关键词： Oesophageal atresia Growth Malnutrition Feeding difficulty Dysphagia Microbiota

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Remote ischaemic conditioning for stroke: unanswered questions and future directions

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 298-309页

作者： Sheharyar Baig Bethany Moyle krishnan Padmakumari Sivaraman Nair Jessica Redgrave Arshad Majid Ali Ali Cerebrovascular Medicine The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational NeuroscienceSheffieldUK Neurosciences Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Geriatrics and Stroke Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Sheffield NIHR Biomedical Research Centre The University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Remote ischaemic conditioning(RIC)refers to a process whereby periods of intermittent ischaemia,typically via the cyclical application of a blood pressure cuff to a limb at above systolic pressure,confers systemic protection against ischaemia in spatially distinct vascular *** mechanisms underlying this have not been characterised fully but have been shown to involve neural,hormonal and systemic inflammatory signalling *** and early clinical studies have been promising and suggest beneficial effects of RIC in acute ischaemic stroke,symptomatic intracranial stenosis and vascular cognitive *** systematic searches of several clinical trials databases we identified 48 active clinical trials of RIC in ischaemic stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid *** summarise the different RIC protocols and outcome measures studied in ongoing clinical trials and highlight which studies are most likely to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of RIC and characterise its efficacy in the near *** discuss the uncertainties of RIC including the optimal frequency and duration of therapy,target patient groups,cost-effectiveness,the confounding impact of medications and the absence of a clinically meaningful biomarker of the conditioning *** several large clinical trials of RIC expected to report their outcomes within the next 2 years,this review aims to highlight the most important studies and unanswered questions that will need to be addressed before this potentially widely accessible and low-cost intervention can be used in clinical practice.

关键词： Remote directions founding

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FORMATION OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES CONTROLLED BY POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2009年第1期27卷 11-22页

作者： Chirakkal V.krishnan Rafael Muoz-Espí Christian Burger Benjamin Chu Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University

Polymeric systems have played an important role as structure-directing agents and in the control of nucleation and growth of *** article reviews the work of our research group in the field of the polymer-assisted crystallization of inorganic materials,mainly focused on the formation of highly ordered,porous molybdenum oxide *** experimental parameters including the influence of poly(ethylene oxide)-containing polymers on the morphology and structure of the products obtained fr...

关键词： Polymer-assisted crystallization Molybdenum oxide Peroxomolybdate Polyoxomolybdate

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Rise of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第7期11卷 562-573页

作者： Amr Dokmak Mohammad Almeqdadi Hirsh Trivedi Sandeep krishnan Division of Medicine St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterBrightonMA 02135United States Tufts University School of Medicine BostonMA 02111United States Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215United States Division of Gastroenterology St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterBrightonMA 02135United States

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is more prevalent in male gender, and with increasing age, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides weight loss, there are limited treatment options. The use of anti-diabetic medications has been studied with mixed results. In this review, we discuss the use of anti-diabetic medications in the management of NAFLD with a specific focus on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. We shed light on the evidence supporting their use in detail and discuss limitations and future directions.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors Liver cirrhosis Diabetes

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Colonic adenocarcinoma,mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and tuberculosis in a segment of colon:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第9期6卷 377-380页

作者： Ambedkar Raj Kulandai Velu Banushree C Srinivasamurthy krishnan Nagarajan Ilavarasi Sinduja Department of Pathology Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College Department of Radiology Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College

Synchronous occurrence of adenocarcinoma and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) lymphoma of colon is rare,and its presence with coexisting tuberculosis is still *** our knowledge,this may be the first case *** the present report,we describe a 43-year-old female who presented with a history of abdominal pain,fever,loss of weight and loss of *** showed a large ulceroproliferative mass arising from the caecum,biopsy of which showed it to be adenocarcinoma of the colon.A right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic study of the colon revealed tuberculosis and synchronous adenocarcinoma with *** of sixteen lymph nodes showed tuberculosis and three of sixteenpericoloniclymphnodes showed metastatic *** further confirmed the tumour to be adenocarcinoma with MALT *** would like to highlight the diagnostic challenges arising from the multi-faceted presentations of these three conditions.

关键词： Adenocarcinoma Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma Tuberculosis

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Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第4期3卷 289-297,I0001页

作者： Preet Paul Singh Piyush K.Sharma Gayathri krishnan A.Craig Lockhart Division of Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past *** treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum ***,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient *** has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with *** article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.

关键词： immunotherapy colorectal cancer checkpoint inhibition/blockade programmed death 1(PD-1) cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4) vaccine pembrolizumab

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