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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1416-1423页

作者： rangasamy Parthiban PVR Iyer GANESAN Sekaran Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Sriperumbudur 602 105TamilnaduIndia. Department of Environmental Technology Central Leather Research Institute Chennai 600 025TamilnaduIndia

treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor （ATFBR） with a mesoporous granular activated carbon （GAC） as a support material. The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate （OLR）, hydraulic retention time （HRT）, the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance. The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/（m^3·d）. The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m^3/（m^3·d） of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/（m^3·d）, the COD removal efficiency decreased. Also an artificial neural network （ANN） model using multilayer perceptron （MLP） has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data, the experimental values obtained have been used. The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data. The mean square error （MSE） was found to be only 0.0146.

关键词： anaerobic digestion tapered fluidized bed reactor organic loading rate biogas mesoporous granular activated carbon,modeling artificial neural network

Exploring the sublethal genotoxic effects of class II organophosphorus insecticide quinalphos on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第2期39卷 661-670页

作者： Devan HEMALATHA Bojan NATARAJ Basuvannan rangasamy Kannan MAHARAJAN Mathan RAMESH Unit of Toxicology Department of ZoologySchool of Life SciencesBharathiar UniversityCoimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology PSG College of Arts&ScienceCoimbatore-641014Tamil NaduIndia

The genotoxic effects of quinalphos(QP)were evaluated in the erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio using the comet,micronucleus,and nuclear abnormality *** 96 h LC_(50) value of quinalphos,estimated by static renewal system,was 10.9µL/*** the basis of the LC_(50) value,two sublethal concentrations(1.09 and 2.18µL/L)of the compound were used together with cyclophosphamide(5 mg/L)as the positive *** fish were exposed for 35 d,and sampling was done at the end of 7,14,21,28,and 35 *** results reveal a significant dose-dependent increase in the frequencies of DNA strand breaks,micronucleus,and nuclear *** responses were also observed in fish exposed to the positive genotoxin *** collective findings demonstrated that quinalphos exerts a genotoxic effect on *** results further confirmed that the comet,micronucleus,and nuclear abnormality assays are useful tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of pesticides towards aquatic organisms.

关键词： quinalphos(QP) micronucleus nuclear abnormalities cyclophosphamide Cyprinus carpio

Energy Efficient Green Routing for UAVs Ad-Hoc Network

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 1111-1127页

作者： M.Muthukumar Rajasekar rangasamy Irshad Hussain Salman A.AlQahtani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sree Sowdambika College of EngineeringTamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering-AI&ML School of EngineeringMalla Reddy UniversityHyderabadIndia Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar25000PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this article is to propose Stability-based Energy-Efficient Link-State Hybrid Routing(S-ELHR),a low latency routing proto-col that aims to provide a stable mechanism for routing in unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV).The S-ELHR protocol selects a number of network nodes to create a Connected Dominating Set(CDS)using a parameter known as the Stability Metric(SM).The SM considers the node’s energy usage,connectivity time,and node’s *** the highest SM nodes are chosen to form *** node declares a Willingness to indicate that it is prepared to serve as a relay for its neighbors,by employing its own energy state.S-ELHR is a hybrid protocol that stores only partial topological information and routing tables on CDS *** of relying on the routing information at each intermediary node,it uses source routing,in which a route is generated on-demand,and data packets contain the addresses of the nodes the packet will transit.A route recovery technique is additionally utilized,which first locates a new route to the destination before forwarding packets along *** simulation for various network sizes and mobility speeds,the efficiency of S-ELHR is *** findings demonstrate that S-ELHR performs better than Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR)and Energy Enhanced OLSR(EE-OLSR)in terms of packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,and energy consumption.

关键词： Connected dominatingset hybridrouting UAVAdhocnetworks link state stability

What the Volume of Matrices Says?

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Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2020年第4期10卷 53-69页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

We know matrices and their transposes and we also know flip matrices. In my previous paper Matrices-One Review, I introduced transprocal matrix. Flip matrices are transpose of transprocal matrices. Now I would like to introduce water image of four matrices said above and properties of such matrices. Also we know, determinant of sum of matrices is not equal to sum of determinant of matrices. Why can’t we get equal value on addition side and additive side of determinant of matrix addition and subtraction? This question triggered me to find the reason. The basic algebra of mensuration gave ideas to retreat determinant of matrix addition and subtraction. I extent that ideas for matrices sum. Further, in 1812, French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet described how to multiply matrices. Matrices are defined on addition, subtraction and multiplication but not in division. By the inspiration of Binet, I would like to describe how to do divisions on matrices. This idea is derived from division of fractions. In division of fraction, reciprocal of divisor fraction multiplies with dividend fraction. I do the same in division on matrices with some modifications. By this way, we could find quotient matrix and remainder matrix which satisfy division algorithm. So we could say, determinant of division of dividend matrix and divisor matrix is equal to division of determinant of dividend matrix and determinant of divisor matrix.

关键词： Matrices Matrix Addition Matrix Subtraction Matrix Division Dividend Matrix Divisor Matrix Quotient Matrix Remainder Matrix Fraction Division

Walking on Plane and Matrix Square

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2021年第4期11卷 296-316页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Former Student of Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

We know Pascal’s triangle and planer graphs. They are mutually connected with each other. For any positive integer n, φ(n) is an even number. But it is not true for all even number, we could find some numbers which would not be the value of any φ(n). The Sum of two odd numbers is one even number. Gold Bach stated “Every even integer greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two primes”. Other than two, all prime numbers are odd numbers. So we can write, every even integer greater than 2 as the sum of two primes. German mathematician Simon Jacob (d. 1564) noted that consecutive Fibonacci numbers converge to the golden ratio. We could find the series which is generated by one and inverse the golden ratio. Also we can note consecutive golden ratio numbers converge to the golden ratio. Lothar Collatz stated integers converge to one. It is also known as 3k + 1 problem. Tao redefined Collatz conjecture as 3k − 1 problem. We could not prove it directly but one parallel proof will prove this conjecture.

关键词： Pascal Triangle Euler Twin Prime Conjecture Goldbach Conjecture Golden Ratio Matrix Square and Collatz Conjecture

One More Assertion to Fermat’s Last Theorem

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2020年第6期10卷 359-369页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

Around 1637, Fermat wrote his Last Theorem in the margin of his copy “It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a fourth power into two fourth powers, or in general, any power higher than the second, into two like powers”. With n, x, y, z ∈ N (meaning that n, x, y, z are all positive numbers) and n > 2, the equation xn + yn = zn has no solutions. In this paper, I try to prove Fermat’s statement by reverse order, which means no two cubes forms cube, no two fourth power forms a fourth power, or in general no two like powers forms a single like power greater than the two. I used roots, powers and radicals to assert Fermat’s last theorem. Also I tried to generalize Fermat’s conjecture for negative integers, with the help of radical equivalents of Pythagorean triplets and Euler’s disproven conjecture.

关键词： Fermat’s Last Theorem Fermat’s Conjecture Euler’s Disproved Conjecture Other Way of Taxi Cab Number and N-Tangled Object Root of Prime Bases and Root of Integer Bases

Extraction and Characterization of Myofibrillar Proteins from Different Meat Sources:A Comparative Study

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第4期6卷 367-378页

作者： Pavan Kumar Dara Anjana Geetha Upasana Mohanty Mahadevan Raghavankutty Suseela Mathew Ravishankar Chandragiri Nagarajarao Anandan rangasamy Biochemistry and Nutrition Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries TechnologyCochin 682029KeralaIndia Department of Food and Nutrition Mody UniversityLakshmangarh 332311RajasthanIndia College of fisheries Central Agricultural UniversityTripura 799210India

In the present study,myofibrillar proteins were extracted from the meat proteins of beef,lamb,chicken,tuna and emperor fish using non-denaturation method,and their physico-chemical and rheological properties were *** myofibrillar proteins of beef,emperor and lamb samples had higher percentage of protein extractability than tuna and chicken *** tuna sample showed significantly higher bound bromophenol blue(BPB)value while lamb samples showed lower value(P<0.05).The myofibrillar protein of chicken sample was found to have more ionic and hydrogen bonds than all other myofibrillar *** disulphide bonds in tuna and lamb myofibrillar protein samples were significantly higher than other three samples(P<0.05).The myofibrillar protein samples showed major bands myosin heavy chain,α-actinin,desimin,actin,troponin,tropomyosin and myosin light chain with wider molecular weight distribution in the range of 20-200 *** myofibrillar proteins exhibited Newtonian and shear thickening nature behaviour at lower protein concentration(1 mg/mL)as revealed by flow profile and visco-elastic analysis using rheometer.

关键词： Myofibrillar proteins Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) Rheological and surface-active property

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Matrices—One Review

Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2019年第3期9卷 43-72页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

To explore the various kind of matrices, matrix multiplication, identity matrix, characteristic equation, minimal polynomial and diagonalization, my paper investigates matrices and algebraic operations defined on them. These matrices may be viewed as rectangular array of elements where each entry depends on two subscripts. System of linear equations and their solutions may be efficiently investigated using the language of matrices. Furthermore, certain abstract objects introduced in the end of my papers, such as I-matrix, J-matrix, Transprocal of certain matrix, transpose of transprocal matrix, i.e. transprocose matrix, super orthogonality, super unitary, trans othogonaliity, and trans orthoprocal, can be represented by this matrix. On the other hand, the abstract treatment of linear algebra presented later will give us a new insight into the structure of these matrices. The entries in our matrices will come from some arbitrary, but fixed, field K.

关键词： I-Matrix J-Matrix Transprocal Matrix Super Orthogonal Matrix Super Unitary Matrix Transprocose Matrix

Non Degeneration of Fibonacci Series, Pascal’s Elements and Hex Series

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2020年第7期10卷 393-404页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

Generally Fibonacci series and Lucas series are the same, they converge to golden ratio. After I read Fibonacci series, I thought, is there or are there any series which converges to golden ratio. Because of that I explored the inter relations of Fibonacci series when I was intent on Fibonacci series in my difference parallelogram. In which, I found there is no degeneration on Fibonacci series. In my thought, Pascal triangle seemed like a lower triangular matrix, so I tried to find the inverse for that. In inverse form, there is no change against original form of Pascal elements matrix. One day I played with ring magnets, which forms hexagonal shapes. Number of rings which forms Hexagonal shape gives Hex series. In this paper, I give the general formula for generating various types of Fibonacci series and its non-degeneration, how Pascal elements maintain its identities and which shapes formed by hex numbers by difference and matrices.

关键词： Fibonacci Series Lucas Series Golden Ratio Various Type of Fibonacci Series Generated by Matrices Matrix Operations on Pascal’s Elements and Hex Numbers

Some Extensions on Numbers

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2019年第11期9卷 944-958页

作者： Balasubramani Prema rangasamy Former Student of Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics University of Madras Chennai India

My previous work dealt finding numbers which relatively prime to factorial value of certain number, high exponents and also find the way for finding mod values on certain number’s exponents. Firstly, I retreat my previous works about Euler’s phi function and some works on Fermat’s little theorem. Next, I construct exponent parallelogram to find coherence numbers of Euler’s phi functioned numbers and apply to Fermat’s little theorem. Then, I test the primality of prime numbers on Pascal’s triangle and explore new ways to construct Pascal’s triangle. Finally, I find the factorial value for certain number by using exponent triangle.

关键词： Factorial Fermat’s Little Theorem Fermat’s Last Theorem Euler’s Totient Function Totient Function of nth Factorial Totient Function of nth Exponent Division on Exponents Prime Bases on Fermat’s Last Theorem Exponent Parallelogram Addition Triangle Difference Triangle Multiplication Triangle Division Triangle Exponent Triangle