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Factors influencing job satisfaction of medical representatives in Pakistan

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical sciences 2010年第3期19卷 235-238页

作者： Mahmood Ahmad Naveed Akhtar Muhammad Bin Ibrahim Ghulam murtaza Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative MedicinesThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The objective of this extensive study was to analyze the motivational problems of medical representatives(MRs) and to examine the effects of environment,job characteristics and personality variables on job *** statistical analysis has revealed that MRs have a variety of different responses for working harder which is strictly *** interesting job and satisfaction with various aspects of their work especially their position,task area and pay induce them to exert extra *** all,this study has provided evidence that in order to understand the factors influencing employer's satisfaction,researcher must examine the combined effects of above mentioned factors.

关键词： Medical representatives Motivation Non-monetary factors Monetary factors

Predictors of response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C from Pakistani population

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第9期124卷 1333-1337页

作者： Hafsa Aziz Muhammad Amin Athar shahnaz murtaza Javaid Irfan Yasir Waheed Iram Bilal Abida Raza Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute Islamabad Punjab University Lahore Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology Punjab University Lahore Pakistan NUsT Center of Virology and Immunology National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan COMsATs Institute Islamabad Pakistan

Background Hepatitis C virus （HCV） constitutes a major public health issue around the world, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. In this study, we assessed outcome of interferon （INF） treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients categorized by gender, age, and viral *** In this study, 750 HCV positive patients with genotype 3 were selected, out of which 616 completed the entire treatment. Their personal history, pro-treatment HCV RNA and serum alanine transaminase （ALT） was *** were treated with combination therapy of INF-α 2b three million units （thrice a week） plus ribavirin （1000-1200mg per day） for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks their HCV RNA and serum ALT level was *** Out of the 616 patients, 391 （63.5%） responded to therapeutic regimen （INF-α 2b plus ribavirin）. Among the responders, 27.1% were men and 36.4% were women. Best treatment response was observed in patients having Iow viral load ＜8×105 IU/ml and age ≤40 years than patients having Iow viral load and age ＞40 years （73.2% vs. 60.3%, P=0.05）.Conclusions Better response to IFN-α 2b plus ribavirin was observed in patients with lower viral RNA and younger *** suggests that all patients considered for treatment should have quantification of serum HCV RNA level. The result can be used to counsel patients on the likelihood of response and may influence the patient＇s decision on treatment.

关键词： hepatitis C interferon ribavirin

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中国对外直接投资及其影响因素研究

中国对外直接投资及其影响因素研究

作者：穆谈（Mohammad murtaza Habib）华中科技大学

学位级别：硕士

China’s economic boom for last few decades has grabbed world attention andworld looks upon at China for its cooperation and its Outward Foreign Direct Investmentequally in developed and developing countries. This economic leadership of China hasmade its Outward Foreign Direct Investment under scrutiny. This thesis explores muchinto this arena of OFDI of China. It also tries to scrutinize the basic reasons behindChina’s emphasis on going global. It presents the data of China’s OFDI for last fewdecades and tries to observe that what regions of the world have been the centers ofChinese investment and which are the motivations behind. Apart from presentingtheoretical framework about foreign direct investment it also presents special theory aboutChina’s outbound foreign direct investment. This thesis also tries to evaluate the evolutionof Chinese policies regarding Outward Foreign Direct Investment and categorizes thesepolicies into different stages in China’s evolution of OFDI policies. With the presentationof policies in each evolutionary stage, a comparison of China’s OFDI data with respect tosuch policies has also been provided. At the end it provides some constraints regardingChina’s policy of going global and gives some recommendation to improve ChineseOutward Foreign Direct Investment in future.

关键词：对外直接投资动机分析政策环境

Histological Features of Parotid Gland of Albino Rats Exposed to. smokeless Tobacco

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2016年第3期23卷 54-60页

作者： sana murtaza Khoso Pervez Ahmed Khoso Navaid Qazi Mir Hassan Khoso Ahmed sultan Jatoi Ubedullah Kaka Dental College Isra University Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal sciences Sakrand Biopharmaceutical Lab College of Life Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China

smokeless tobacco is very common personal habit of people living in various areas of Asia which is an alarming sign for the development of different oral diseases in such people. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of smokeless tobacco on parofid glands of the Aalbano rats by using various percentages of the smokeless tobacco. The rats were divided into three different groups, control group （A） no smokeless tobacco, experimental group （B） 5% smokeless tobacco and experimental group （C） 10% of smokeless tobacco with different feeds required according parameters. Weekly weight gain and partid gland were analyzed through student P test and histological structures were recorded through HE stain and Retculin stain. The results showed that as compared to control group body, weight of the rats was decreased in groups B and C having smokeless tobacco percentage in the diet. Weight of parotid gland as compared to control group was decreased in groups B and C with diet of smokeless tobacco. Further, histological observation under HE stain showed that parofid gland of group B showed mild narrowing of ductal lumen, collapse of vessels and stromal was also increased, in group C parenchyrnal tissues with loss of acini found damaged and glandular dystrop and lymphatic infiltration were determined moderate to severe. Meanwhile, reticulin stain showed that vascular collapses were shown because of increasing in stromal glandular atrophy in group C as compared to control group. In conclusion, this study showed that smokeless tobacco caused serious injuries in the tissue level in parotid gland with high percentage of smokeless tobacco which highlight health hazards on its consumption.

关键词： smokeless tobacco histological observation parotid gland Albino rat

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黄连五年连作对土壤微生物群落的影响

黄连五年连作对土壤微生物群落的影响

作者：马博文（MOHAMMAD murtaza ALAMI）华中农业大学

学位级别：硕士

黄连是我国重要的药用植物之一。生长在海拔2000米左右,喜寒冷、潮湿、阴凉环境,忌高温、强光。黄连多用于清热燥湿、解毒、腹泻、失眠、眼热、牙痛和糖尿病。黄连主要分布在湖北、重庆、四川、云南等地。作为大宗药材的黄连(Coptis chi... 详细信息

黄连是我国重要的药用植物之一。生长在海拔2000米左右,喜寒冷、潮湿、阴凉环境,忌高温、强光。黄连多用于清热燥湿、解毒、腹泻、失眠、眼热、牙痛和糖尿病。黄连主要分布在湖北、重庆、四川、云南等地。作为大宗药材的黄连(Coptis chinensis Franch)又称“味连”、“鸡爪连”等,在我国有悠久的栽培历史,生产实践表明,连作是导致黄连减产和严重病害的主要原因。引起作物连作障碍的因素很多,如改变根际微生物的多样性,包括根际细菌和真菌的种群组成和数量,影响土壤理化性质和质量等,从而阻碍可持续生产。药用植物以其次生代谢物发挥功效,根系分泌物的自身毒性也被认为是造成植物尤其是药用植物连作障碍的主要因素之一。在本研究中,我们利用下一代测序法,提供了两个季节(冬季和夏季)连作和休耕地黄连根际细菌和真菌群落多样性和组成的详细信息,优势分析了土壤主要养分变化,以解析黄连种植对土壤微生物种群以及土壤养分的影响。主要研究结果如下:1. 随着黄连栽培年限的增加,黄连冬、夏两季氮、磷、有机质总量均显著增加。土壤有机质在冬季为11.16～36.04g kg,夏季为8.35～33.90g kg。有机质含量在5年栽培田(Cy s5)显著高于1年栽培田(Cy s1)。土壤全氮值冬季为0.99～3.27g kg,夏季为1.02～2.68g kg,其中5年生(Cy s5)土壤冬夏季含量最高(3.27、2.68g kg),1年生(Cy s1)土壤冬夏季含量最低。冬、夏季5年生(Cy s5)土壤全钾值最高(分别为4.18、4.18g kg),休耕地最低(1.17、1.47g kg)。p H值在冬季为4.49～5.84,夏季为5.59～6.48,其中1年生黄连根际的最高(Cy s1),5年生的最低(Cy s5)。2. 采用α多样性指数,即Chao、shannon、OTUs观察值和系统发育多样性(Pd)。与随后的处理(即Cy s3和Cy s5)相比,Cy s1处理的真菌群落的α多样性要高得多。休耕地品种最低。在Cy s1中观察到的OTUs显著高于Cy s1。所有样本的覆盖率都在97%以上,说明测序读数足以进行分析。在细菌群落观察物种中,两个时间序列土壤样品在一年内的系统发育多样性、Chao1和shannon指数均表现出显著的丰富度和多样性(psimpson指数与shannon指数呈相反趋势。3. 基于统一距离的原理坐标分析(PCo A),即未加权和加权,显示黄连不同年份根际真菌群落在种植年份的夏季分别聚集,而第3年和第5年的根际真菌群落则在冬季聚集。通过PC1法分析根际土壤细菌群落差异,可将种植黄连第3年和第5年的土壤区分开来;而PC2法可将种植黄连第1年、第3年和第5年的土壤以及未种植黄连的对照土壤加以区分。4. 文氏图显示,1年生(Cy s1)、3年生(Cy s3)、5年生(Cy s5)和休耕地(NCs)土壤中分别有17、3、5和2独特的物种,而在夏季采样期分别有20种、7种、10种和21种特有种。冬季细菌群落在1年生(Cy s1)、3年生(Cy s3)、5 年生(Cy s5)和休耕地(NCs)土壤中分别鉴定出264、13、23和47独特的物种,夏季鉴定出225种、32种、19种和113种特有种。5. 所有土壤样品中的真菌分类的OTU主要隶属于8个真菌门。子囊菌(占所有序列的55.20%)、担子菌(25.94%)、未分类真菌门(3.46%)和球孢霉(1.68%)是冬季四大真菌门。夏季真菌种类以子囊菌(49.98%)、粘液菌(21.48%)、担子菌(10.16%)和未分类真菌(7.99%)为主。冬季土壤样品中细菌类群的前5大丰度门分别为蛋白质细菌、放线菌、氯杆菌、酸杆菌和拟杆菌,平均相对丰度分别为30.33%、22.41%、14.38%、13.70%和4.34%。夏季,蛋白质细菌、酸杆菌、氯杆菌、放线菌和髌骨细菌的平均相对丰度分别为37.54%、24.91%、10.74%、6.96%和4.77%。6. 真菌构建分为3种主要的营养模式:病理型、腐生型和共生型,在我们的样本中包括8个功能团。总的来说,在营养模式上,腐生物是冬、夏2季的优势营养类型,除Cy s3冬季以共生体为主(27.41%)之外。此外,在Cy s1(13.60%)和NCs(21.27%)中,光营养是真菌的主要营养方式。预测C和N功能基因丰度的16s RNA基因图谱信息PICRUst发现,在2个季节(冬季和夏季)的耕种(Cy s1、Cy s3和Cy s5)和休耕(NCs)土壤样品之间存在显著差异。夏季休耕地C、N功能基因丰度差异显著,丰度较高。相比之下,冬季丰度较低。7. 优势种群数据的冗余分析(RDA)和土壤理化特性揭示了土壤样品中真菌群落结构的变化。在真菌群落中

关键词：黄连连作根际真菌和细菌多样性种群结构和组成

Meta-analysis of dragon's blood resin extract as radio-protective agent

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第9期5卷 409-416页

作者： subaika Mahmood Toseef Fatima Hina Zulfaqar Romana saher Muhammad Rafiq Abdul Rehman Rongji Dai Muhammad Ashfaq murtaza Hasan Department of Biochemistry&Biotechnology(Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus) the Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan school of life sciences Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081People’s Republic of China

In health sciences, much efforts had been made in past years to explore the radio-protective agents from natural resources due to rapid exposure of radiations to environment such as space traveling, radiotherapy and largely growing telecommunication industry. It becomes crucial to find natural sources for radio-protection. In correspondence, dragon's blood (DB) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that possesses great medicinal values due to the presence of several phenolic compounds. For a long time, DB has been used in treatment of blood stasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune suppression and tumors, but recently it has been extensively used as radio-protective agent. There is no comprehensive review on radio-protective characterization of DB resin extract in literature. In our review, an attempt has been made to highlight unique and inherent radio-protection in liver, brain, kidney, lung, spleen and cerebrum. This review will help people in exploring the radioactive protectants from natural resources.

关键词： Dragon's blood Bioreduction Radioprotection Oxidative stress Immune suppression

Chrysanthemum Growth Gains from Beneficial Microbial Interactions and Fertility Improvements in soil Under Protected Cultivation

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2016年第4期2卷 229-239页

作者： Radha Prasanna Amrita Kanchan simranjit Kaur Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan Kunal Ranjan Mam Chand singh murtaza Hasan Anil Kumar saxena Yashbir singh shivay Division of Microbiology ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT) ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute Division of Agronomy ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute

An investigation was undertaken to analyse the influence of microbial inoculants on growth and enzyme activities elicited, and soil microbiome of two varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, which were grown under protected mode of cultivation. Rhizosphere soil sampling at 45 and 90 DAT(days after transplanting of cuttings) revealed up to four- to five-fold enhancement in the activity of defence-, and pathogenesisrelated, and antioxidant enzymes, relative to the uninoculated control. Plant growth and soil microbial parameters, especially soil microbial biomass carbon and potential nitrification exhibited significant increases over control. Available soil nitrogen concentrations showed 40%–44% increment in inoculated treatments. scanning electron microscopy of the root tissues revealed biofilm-like aggregates and individual short bits of cyanobacterial filaments. Analyses of DGGE profiles of archaeal and bacterial communities did not show temporal variations(between 45 and 90 DAT). However,distinct influences on the number and abundance of phylotypes due to microbial inoculants were recorded. The inoculants — Cyanobacterial consortium(BF1- 4) and Anabaena sp.–Trichoderma sp. biofilm(An-Tr) were particularly promising in terms of the plant and soil related parameters,and remained distinct in the DGGE profiles generated. The effect of Trichoderma viride–Azotobacter biofilm on soil bacterial and archaeal communities was unique and distinct as a separate cluster. This study highlights that microbial inoculants exert positive effects, which are specific even to the rhizosphere soil microbiome of chrysanthemum varieties tested. such inoculants can serve as soil fertility enhancing options in protected floriculture.

关键词： microbial interaction biofilm cyanobacteria DGGE floriculture soil fertility

W(110)面二维氧化的低能电子显微镜研究

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物理学报 1997年第6期46卷 1048-1054页

作者：蔡群 MsAltman 复旦大学应用表面物理国家重点实验室香港科技大学物理系

应用低能电子显微术对Ｗ（１１０）面二维氧化结构进行了初步研究．随着氧暴露量的增加，低能电子衍射图样由清洁表面（１×１）结构转变成ｐ（２×１），再变为带有复杂衍射卫星点的ｐ（２×２）结构．利用低能电子显微术的暗场像模式... 详细信息

应用低能电子显微术对Ｗ（１１０）面二维氧化结构进行了初步研究．随着氧暴露量的增加，低能电子衍射图样由清洁表面（１×１）结构转变成ｐ（２×１），再变为带有复杂衍射卫星点的ｐ（２×２）结构．利用低能电子显微术的暗场像模式，对（００）束附近的分数衍射斑点进行了放大成像，发现表面由两种对比度相差很大的区域组成，它们就是具有不同方位取向的氧超结构畴区．两种畴区的分布与衬底表面缺陷特别是表面台阶有一定的关系。

关键词：低能电子显微镜单晶 W(110) 二维氧化结构

一种新合成的、光稳定性维生素A衍生物(视黄基-N-甲酰-天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯)应用于光损皮肤:对一项为期24周研究的大致评估

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 4-4页

作者： leem.-s. LeeK.-H. sin H.-s. B.-K. Koh 朱国兴 Department of Dermatology College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea UijongbuDr.

Background: Retinol (vitamin A) is used in the cosmetics industry as an antiwrinkle agent. However, its photoinstability and skin irritation potential make it challenging to use in general cosmetic formulations. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a newly synthesized photostable retinol derivative (retinyl N-formyl aspartamate) in patients with photodamaged skin. Retinyl N-formyl aspartamate is a newly synthesized retinol derivative with higher photostability, and a similar effect on collagenase expression level as retinol. Methods: In all, 29 Korean women (age range: 31-54 years), who were not pregnant, nursing, or undergoing any concurrent therapy, were enrolled in this study. A total of 24 patients completed a 24-week trial of retinyl N-formyl aspartamate twice daily on the left half of the face and a placebo on the right half of the face. A clinical evaluation, photographs, and silicone replicas of both crow’s-feet areas were taken at baseline and at weeks 12, 20, and 24. skin replicas were then analyzed using an optical profilometry technique. The standard wrinkle and roughness features were then calculated and statistically analyzed. The tolerance profile of the product was also clinically evaluated during the study. Results: The 24 women who completed this study showed more improvement on the left side of the crow’s-feet area in terms of the signs of photodamage than on the right side according to both their own (P stigator’s (P s. These results were confirmed by skin replica analyses. The average roughness showed significant improvement (P smoothness depth was improved, but this was not statistically significant. One patient noted burning and prickling sensations, and she withdrew during the study. Limitations: Pigmentation changes were not assessed, investigators were not blinded, and the study size was relatively small. Conclusion: In this small study retinyl N-formyl aspartamate

关键词：天冬氨酰光稳定性甲酰黄基小样本研究化妆品领域药物治疗色素改变安慰剂光损伤