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Determination of fire-access zones along road networks in firesensitive forests

Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 557-564页

作者： Abdullah Emin Akay Michael G.Wing murat zengin Osman Kose Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryBursa Technical University16330 BursaTurkey Department of Forest Engineering Resources and ManagementCollege of ForestryOregon State UniversityCorvallis 97331ORUSA Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Architecture and DesignParnukkale University20200 DenizliTurkey Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryKahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University46100 KahramanmarasTurkey

Wild forest fires are one of the greatest environmental disasters affecting forest resources. Along the coastal zone of the Mediterranean region in Turkey, forested areas are classified as first-degree, fire-sensitive areas. Every year, thousands of hectares of forests have been destroyed in Turkey. In this study, fire-access zones were determined in the Mediterranean forests of Turkey, by utilizing geographic information systems （GIS） technology. The effective reach distance of fire hoses from both sides of roads was considered in order to delineate fireaccess zones. The effective reach distance can vary based on the technical capabilities and hydraulic capacity of fire trucks （minimum and maximum pressures on water pump）; terrain structures （uphill, downhill and flat）; and ground slope. These factors and their influences were studied in fire sensitive forest areas located in the eastern Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. First, terrain structures on both sides of the road network and groundslope classes were determined based on GIS data layers. Then, fire access zones were delineated according to water pressure data, terrain structures, and ground-slope classes. The results indicated that 69.30 % of the forested areas were within the fire-access zones, while the rest of the forest was out of reach the fire hoses. The accessible areas were also calculated for forested areas with different fire- sensitivity degrees. The accessible areas were 69.59, 69.96, and 67.16 % for the forested areas that are sensitive to fires at the first, second, and third degrees, respectively. This finding has implications for the monitoring and management of fire threats in areas outside of the reach distance. The outside areas should receive extra attention and monitoring during the fire season so that fires are detected ahead of time and management has sufficient time to react. Besides, new roads should be considered for these areas in order to access more lands in a shorte

关键词： Fire equipment Fire protection areas Forestfires Terrain structures

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Tribological and Electrochemical Corrosion Properties of CNT-Incorporated Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation(PEO)Coatings on AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第7期35卷 1195-1206页

作者： Rabia Kara Huseyin zengin Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Karabuk University78050 KarabukTurkey

Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were carried out in silicate-based electrolyte embedded with various amounts of carbon nanotube(CNT)additives(0,0.5,1,2 and 4 g/L)on AZ80 magnesium alloy ***,tribological and electrochemical corrosion properties of the coated specimens were *** results demonstrated that the increasing CNT additions into the electrolyte resulted in a gradual increase in the thickness of PEO-coating *** CNT addition to the electrolyte by 0.5 g/L resulted in a slight decrease in the roughness of PEO-coating above which it continually *** resistance of the PEO-coated specimens showed a gradual improvement with increasing CNT-incorporation within the *** electrochemical corrosion tests revealed that the best corrosion resistance was found after the CNT addition into the electrolyte by 0.5 g/L due to the better roughness values,more homogenous coating layers and less pore formation.

关键词： Coating Electrochemical corrosion Magnesium alloy Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) Wear

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Effect of Y addition on microstructure and corrosion behavior of extruded Mg-Zn-Nd-Zr alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第3期8卷 640-653页

作者： Huseyin zengin Yunus Turen Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Karabuk University78050 KarabukTurkey

In this study,the effect of Y addition(0,0.5,1 and 2 wt%)on microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Zr-1 Nd(wt%)alloy was *** alloys were produced by low-pressure die casting method and extruded at 300℃and 400℃after homogenization treatment at 400℃for 24 *** results showed that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy with no Y addition consisted ofα-Mg,Mg-Zn binary and Mg-Zn-Nd ternary *** increasing Y additions,the average grain size showed a substantial decrease and two kinds of ternary Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases,designated as I-phase(Mg3Zn6Y)and W-phase(Mg3Zn3Y2)were *** treatment resulted in a partial dissolution of second phase *** process gave rise to a remarkable grain refinement due to the DRX *** extruded alloys with no Y addition exhibited poor corrosion resistance due to the strong micro galvanic coupling effect.Y additions up to 1 wt%improved the corrosion resistance due to the formation of finer grains,fine and uniform distribution of second phase particles and more stable oxide film.

关键词： ZK60 magnesium alloys Rare earth Yttrium Extrusion Microstructure Corrosion

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Human Gait Recognition Based on Kernel PCA Using Projections

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第6期22卷 867-876页

作者： murat Ekinci murat Aykut Computer Vision Lab Department of Computer EngineeringKaradeniz Technical University61080 TrabzonTurkey

This paper presents a novel approach for human identification at a distance using gait recognition. Recognition of a person from their gait is a biometric of increasing interest. The proposed work introduces a nonlinear machine learning method, kernel Principal Component Analysis （PCA）, to extract gait features from silhouettes for individual recognition. Binarized silhouette of a motion object is first represented by four 1-D signals which are the basic image features called the distance vectors. Fourier transform is performed to achieve translation invariant for the gait patterns accumulated from silhouette sequences which are extracted from different circumstances. Kernel PCA is then used to extract higher order relations among the gait patterns for future recognition. A fusion strategy is finally executed to produce a final decision. The experiments are carried out on the CMU and the USF gait databases and presented based on the different training gait cycles.

关键词： biometrics gait recognition gait representation kernel PCA pattern recognition

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Palmprint Recognition by Applying Wavelet-Based Kernel PCA

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 851-861页

作者： murat Ekinci murat Aykut Computer Vision Lab Department of Computer Engineering Karadeniz Technical University

This paper presents a wavelet-based kernel Principal Component Analysis （PCA） method by integrating the Daubechies wavelet representation of palm images and the kernel PCA method for palmprint recognition. Kernel PCA is a technique for nonlinear dimension reduction of data with an underlying nonlinear spatial structure. The intensity values of the palmprint image are first normalized by using mean and standard deviation. The palmprint is then transformed into the wavelet domain to decompose palm images and the lowest resolution subband coefficients are chosen for palm representation. The kernel PCA method is then applied to extract non-linear features from the subband coefficients. Finally, similarity measurement is accomplished by using weighted Euclidean linear distance-based nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results on PolyU Palmprint Databases demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves highly competitive performance with respect to the published palmprint recognition approaches.

关键词： palmprint recognition kernel PCA wavelet transform biometrics pattern recognition

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Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1La magnesium alloy

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Rare Metals 2020年第8期39卷 909-917页

作者： Huseyin zengin Yunus Turen Hayrettin Ahlatci Yavuz Sun Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Karabuk University78050 KarabukTurkey Iron and Steel Institute Karabuk University78050 KarabukTurkey

Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-4 wt%Zn-1 wt%La magnesium alloys were *** alloys were produced by low-pressure die casting method and extruded at 350℃after homogenization at 400℃for 24 *** results show that the as-cast alloy mainly consists of primaryα-Mg matrix and Mg-Zn-La ternary second phases(also called T-Phase)along grain boundaries and isolated spherical particles inside the *** extrusion at350℃,the average grain size decreases by 81%due to dynamic recrystallization mechanism and T-phase particles are distributed along the extrusion *** elongation,yield strength and tensile strength of the as-cast Mg-4Zn-1La alloy increase by 179%,90%and 40%,respectively,as a result of the extrusion *** as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1La alloy shows better corrosion resistance than the as-cast alloy due to increased grain boundaries and decreased content of T-phase.

关键词： Magnesium alloys La modification Extrusion Microstructure Mechanical properties Corrosion

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Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 139-150页

作者： Hayati zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci Pete Bettinger Department of Forest Management and Planning Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia

Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. Landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character.

关键词： Landscape metrics Land cover change Temporal change Turkey

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Surgical restoration of drop-hand syndrome with tendon transfer in patients injured in the Syrian civil war

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 151-156页

作者： murat Ucak Plastic and Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery Hatay Defne State Hospital31000 AntakyaHatayTurkey

Background:The radial nerve is one of the most common war-related injury sites due to penetrating cutting tool injuries or gunshot wounds,resulting in drop-hand *** aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of tendon transfer in patients with drop-hand syndrome who had been injured in the Syrian Civil ***:This level-II,prospective,comparative study included 13 civilians injured in the Syrian Civil War 2015 and *** palmaris longus tendon was used for transfer to the extensor pollicis longus for thumb *** pronator teres was transferred to the extensor carpi radialis brevis for wrist *** flexor carpi radialis was transferred to the extensor digiti communis for 2 nd,3 rd,4 th,and 5 th finger *** outcomes of thumb abduction and extension,wrist extension,wrist flexion,and finger extension were ***:There was a high level of radial nerve injury in all patients included in the *** time from injury to treatment ranged from 1.5 months to 9 *** mechanism of injury most commonly observed was a gunshot wound,which was observed in 8 patients(61.5%),followed by a penetrating cutting tool injury(n=3;23.1%)and humerus fracture(n=2;15.4%).Conclusions:In radial nerve injuries,successful results can be achieved with tendon *** patients regained thumb abduction of up to approximately 60°.All the patients were able to bend the wrist,grip,and extend the fingers while in wrist flexion,neutral wrist and wrist extension *** the reason for the radial injury varied,the postoperative outcomes were good for all patients,and the rehabilitation period progressed successfully in patients who underwent tendon transfer repair within 90 days of injury.

关键词： Hand Tendon transfer Drop-hand syndrome Syrian civil war

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ALMOST CONVERGENCE AND DOUBLE SEQUENTIAL BAND MATRIX

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2014年第2期34卷 354-366页

作者： murat CANDAN Inoun University Faculty of Arts and Sciences

The class f of almost convergent sequences was introduced by G.G. Lorentz, using the idea of the Banach limits [A contribution to the theory of divergent sequences, Acta Math. 80（1948）, 167-190]. Let fo（B） and f（B） be the domain of the double sequential band matrix B（r, s） in the sequence spaces f0 and f. In this article, the β- and γ-duals of the space f（B） are determined. Additionally, we give some inclusion theorems concerning with the spaces f0（B） and f（β）. Moreover, the classes （f（B）： μ） and （μ： f（B）） of infinite matrices are characterized, and the characterizations of some other classes are also given as an application of those main results, where μ is an arbitrary sequence space.

关键词： Almost convergence matrix domain of a sequence space generalized differencematrix,β- and γ-duals and matrix transformations

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Drought analysis in Antakya-Kahramanmaras Graben,Turkey

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第6期7卷 741-754页

作者： murat KARABULUT Department of Geography Kahramanmaras Sütcu Imam University

The most parts of the Earth experience precipitation variability as a part of their normal climates over both short- and long-time periods. These variations of precipitation will have unpredictable and perhaps unexpectedly extreme consequences（such as drought and flood） with respect to frequency and intensity for many regions of the Earth. Because of high precipitation fluctuations, the Mediterranean region is also the areas of the world sensitive to precipitation changes which often involve frequent drought conditions in Turkey. In this study, drought conditions at annual, seasonal and monthly time scales over the period of 1975–2010 were examined for Antakya-Kahramanmara？ Graben which is located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Application of appropriate measures to analyze and monitor droughts is recognized as a major challenge to scientists involved in atmospheric studies. Standardized Precipitation Index（SPI） and cumulative deviation curve techniques were used to determine drought conditions. Results indicated that the study area presented a cyclic pattern of variations with alternating drier and wetter years. From analyses of annual, seasonal and monthly drought series it can be seen that precipitation characteristic of the area is changing. By the results, apparent wet and dry periods can be distinguished. This study also indicated that precipitation totals of winter, spring and summer seasons were slightly decreased during the study period. Drought frequency was increased especially for the northern part of the area in the last ten years. Drought periods were divided into 1982–1985, 1999–2002 and 2004–2008, respectively. According to our analyses, the time scale of 1999–2002 was the driest period in the most of the graben area. The study area, which covers agriculturally important fertile alluvial plains, will experience increasing pressure on its water resources because of its growing population and industry, ever-larger demands fo

关键词： climate variability drought standardized precipitation index Antakya Kahramanmara? Turkey

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