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MicroRNAs:a new ray of hope for diabetes mellitus

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Protein & Cell 2012年第10期3卷 726-738页

作者： munish Kumar Sayantan Nath Himanshu K prasad G D Sharma Yong Li Department of Biotechnology Assam UniversitySilchar 788011 India 2 Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam UniversitySilchar 788011 India 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of LouisvilleKY 40292USA

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases,thereby posing a major challenge to global *** by high levels of blood glucose(hyperglycemia),diabetes usually results from a loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas,leading to a deficiency of insulin(type 1 diabetes),or loss of insulin sensitivity(type 2 diabetes).Both types of diabetes have serious secondary complications,such as microvascular abnormalities,cardiovascular dysfunction,and kidney *** complex factors,such as genetic and environmental factors,are associated with the pathophysiology of *** the past two decades,the role of small,single-stranded noncoding microRNAs in various metabolic disorders,especially diabetes mellitus and its complications,has gained widespread attention in the scientific *** first as an endogenous regulator of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,these small RNAs post-transcriptionally suppress mRNA target *** this review,we discuss the potential roles of different microRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

关键词： diabetes diabetic complications dicer glucose insulin microRNA pancreas

A review on medicinal importance,pharmacological activity and bioanalytical aspects of beta-carboline alkaloid "Harmine"

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 660-664页

作者： K Patel M Gadewar R tripathi SK prasad Dinesh Kumar Patel G.L.A Institute of Pharmaceutical Research S.K.I.P.S Department of Pharmaceutics Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu University

Harmine,a beta-carboline alkaloid,is widely distributed in the plants,marine creatures,insects, mammalians as well as in human tissues and body *** was originally isolated from seeds of Peganum harmal in 1847 having a core indole structure and a pyridine *** has various types of pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial,antifungal,antitumor,cytotoxic, antiplasmodial,antioxidaant,antimutagenic,antigenotoxic and hallucinogenic *** acts on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and monoamine oxidase A or B receptor,enhances insulin sensitivity and also produces vasorelaxant *** prevents bone loss by suppressing *** current review gives an overview on pharmacological activity and analytical techniques of harmine,which may be useful for researcheres to explore the hidden potential of harmine and and will also help in developing new drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

关键词： Harmine Alkaloid Pharmacological activity Analytical technique Peganum harmala

Optimizing Tillage and Irrigation Requirements of Sorghum in Sorghum-Pigeonpea Intercrop in Hamelmalo Region of Eritrea

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第4期4卷 63-73页

作者： Tesfalem Weldeslassie Ramesh prasad tripathi Woldeselassie Ogbazghi Department of Land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is cultivated as monocrop in Eritrea. Efforts were made to grow sorghum-pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspp.) intercrop on the tillage, fertilizers and supplementary irrigations necessary for sorghum. Experiments were conducted in terraced fields at Hamelmalo during 2013-15 to evaluate growth and yield of sorghum-pigeonpea intercrop in split plot design with conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) in main plots and rainfed (I0), 50% of full irrigation (I1), 75% of full irrigation (I2) and 100% of full irrigation (I3) in subplots. All irrigations were stopped 15 days before sorghum maturity. Full irrigation was 60 mm applied at 50% depletion of available soil water in 1 m profile. Sorghum growth was faster than pigeonpea until 85 days from planting and pigeonpea growth accelerated only after sorghum harvesting. About 80% of sorghum roots were within 0.6 m profile but more than 75% of pigeonpea roots were below 0.60 m depth. This showed a weaker competition between the two crops for nutrients, water and light. Both grain and stover yields of sorghum were optimum in RT + I2 during the 2 years. Highest grain yield was 6900 kg·ha-1 in RT + I3 in 2013, which was at par with that in RT + I2. Mean residual soil moisture at sorghum harvesting was 74 mm·m-1, which decreased to 8 mm·m-1 by pigeonpea harvesting. Residual moisture was more in the irrigated than non-irrigated plots. Pigeonpea yields were optimum (1363 kg·ha-1) in RT + I3 and lowest (297 kg·ha-1) in ZT + I0. Average water use by sorghum-pigeonpea was 374 mm by sorghum harvesting and 438 mm by pigeonpea harvesting, producing total sorghum equivalent yield of 7475 kg·ha-1. This raised average water use efficiency from 12.6 kg·ha-1·mm-1 at sorghum harvesting to 17.1 kg

关键词： Residual Soil Moisture Sorghum-Pigeonpea Intercrop Supplementary Irrigation Water Use Efficiency

Irrigation and Nitrogen Requirements of Wheat under Shallow Water Table Conditions of Asmara, Eritrea

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第4期4卷 80-87页

作者： Fekadu Tesfamichael Ramesh prasad tripathi Mehreteab Tesfai Department of land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Wheat (Triticum astivum L.) is traditionally rainfed in Eritrea. Yields are low because of poor soil management and low water and nutrient inputs. A field experiment was conducted in Akria farm, located in the outskirts of Asmara. The soil was clay loam associated with non-saline shallow water tables fluctuating from 0.4 to 1.2 m depths during the crop season. Wheat variety Wedel Nile was planted in split plot design with four levels of supplementary irrigations (SI) viz. I1 (rainfed, 0 SI), I2 (1/3 of full SI), I3 (2/3 of full SI), and I4 (full SI) in main plots and three levels of nitrogen viz. N1 (18 kg N haǃ), N2 (50 kg N haǃ), and N3 (100 kg N haǃ) as sub-plots in three replications. Full SI refers to amount of water necessary to replenish soil moisture deficit in the root zone from field capacity to 50% depletion of the available soil moisture. Groundwater table was constant around 0.4 m depth for 32 days from planting and declined slowly thereafter. Wetness around 0.3 m depth was thus near field capacity until second week of December and reduced thereafter with declining water table. Average soil moisture depletion was 94 mm under rainfed and 64 mm under full irrigation. No symptoms of wilting were observed in any of the treatments due to shallow water tables. Upward flux from the water table was 4.6 mm·d-1 until 30 days from planting, which declined to 0.2 mm·d-1 when the water table declined below 0.9 m depth. Optimum yield of wheat (5603 kg·ha-1) was obtained by application of 58 mm irrigation (I3) and 100 kg·ha-1 nitrogen (N3). Total water use for optimum yield of wheat was 382 mm and water use efficiency was 14.7 kg·ha-1·mm-1. Contribution from water table to the evapotranspiration requirements of wheat was highest (61%) under rainfed (I1

关键词： Evapotranspiration Nitrogen Supplementary Irrigation Water Table Contribution Water Table Wheat

Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty:Is learning curve a myth?

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Journal of Otology 2018年第3期13卷 101-104页

作者： Amit Saini munish Saroch Gaveshna Gargi Dept of Otolaryngology Dr Rajender Prasad Govt Medical College Dept of Medicine Dr Rajender Prasad Govt Medical College

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty in the hand of young beginner surgeons who had just completed the residency ***: In a three year period(August 2012 to August 2015), 44 ears in 42 patients were operated upon by a beginner surgeon through the transcanal endoscopic approach in a subdistrict level hospital located in the north western ranges of the Himalayan ***: Of the 42 patient, 19 were male and 23 female. The mean age was 26.23 years(range: 15 e47 years). In 40 ears, complete perforation closure was achieved at six months(success rate: 90.9%). The mean air conduction PTA preoperatively was 40.84 dB HL and improved to 28.06 dB HL postoperatively(p <.001). The mean AB gap preoperatively was 22.40 dB, which improved to 9.1 dB postoperatively(p <.001).Conclusion: Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty is safe and reliable even in young beginners' *** can consider endoscopic approach early in their careers without the fear of learning curve. The cost of endoscopic equipment is about one tenth as compared to open approach under a operating microscope, and an added advantage.

关键词： Endoscopic transcanal Myringoplasty Learning curve Beginner

Rice Production Prospects in Eritrea

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第17期7卷 1429-1434页

作者： Ramesh prasad tripathi Woldeselassie Ogbazghi Semere Amlesom Department of Land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Rice is not cultivated in Eritrea because of its high water requirements and arid to semiarid conditions. However, most agricultural watersheds in Eritrea are associated with >80% non-agricultural lands, which produce significant runoff that can be diverted for use by rice crop. Experiments were conducted at Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea, using four NERICA rice varieties viz. N1, N4, N10 and N11 under rainfed (Io) and limited supplementary irrigations (I) in 3 replications. Results showed that plants were taller under limited irrigations than rainfed. Among the 4 varieties, N11 was most affected by water stress in which plant height was 0.72 m under rainfed and 0.89 m under limited irrigations. Effective tillers were highest (6) in N11 under limited irrigations and lowest (2) in N10 under rainfed. Panicles were shorter (0.20 m) in N10 and longer (0.23 - 0.24 m) in N1 and N11. Irrigations delayed maturity by 6 - 15 days. Water use by N11 was higher both under limited irrigations (987 mm) and rainfed (477 mm) and lower by N10 under rainfed (457 mm). Root growth in all the varieties was better under irrigations (I) than rainfed (Io). Roots were limited to 0.7 m depth under rainfed (Io) but grew down to 0.8 m in N1, N4 and N11 under limited irrigations (I). Roots in N10 were limited to 0.5 m depth under Io and 0.7 m under I. More than 63% roots in N10 were in 0 - 0.1 m layer under rainfed as against less than 55% under limited irrigations. In lower layers, roots under Io were more in N4 than others, which is a beneficial trait for better performance under semiarid environments. Roots in N11 were better and uniformly distributed in lower layers under irrigated conditions. Rooting patterns and grain yields showed that N11 was most responsive to irrigations but susceptible to water stress and N4 was best under rainfed followed by N10. N4 was next to N11 under irrigated conditions.

关键词： Irrigated and Rainfed Rice NERICA Rice Eritrea Root Growth Water Use Yield

Community Structure, Diversity, Biomass and Net Production in a Rehabilitated Subtropical Forest in North India

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Open Journal of Forestry 2011年第2期1卷 11-26页

作者： Bajrang Singh Karunakar prasad tripathi Kripal Singh 不详

Gangetic alluvial plain in north India constitutes significant proportions of barren sodic lands. A representative site, where afforestation was carried out during 1960s to rehabilitate the site under forest ecosystem, was selected to assess the restoration success. Three stands (S1, S2, and S3) were selected in a semi-natural subtropical forest at Banthra, Lucknow (26°45’ N, 80°53’ E) on the basis of different vegetation morphology and basal area gradient. Species composition and their growth forms were studied in overstory, understory and ground layer vegetation, in which dominants were assorted. Among the dominants few species were common in the three stands as also in different strata, which perhaps indicate their natural regeneration. Classification of individuals among the different size classes indicated ‘L’ shape distribution in which most of the individuals remained confined in younger groups. Biomass increased from the stand S1 to S3 stand in overstory, and vise versa for understory. Stand S2 consisted of predominance of ground layer biomass over the other stands. Biomass allocation in different plant components differed significantly between the overstory and understory for aerial woody components (stem and branch). Annual litter fall did not differ significantly among the stands, where as fine root biomass (up to 45 cm soil depth) decreased from S1 to S3 stands. Rainy and summer seasons contributed to two-third proportion of total annual fine root production. The state of this rehabilitated forest when compared with the degraded and reference forest of the region indicated that structural complexity, biomass and production levels have been achieved to 70% of the reference forest site even after having a different species composition.

关键词： Diversity Community Structure Concentration of Dominance Biomass Production Litter Fine Root

Runoff Harvesting and Storage for Rice Crop at Hamelmalo, Semiarid Region of Eritrea

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2016年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Ramesh prasad tripathi Woldeselassie Ogbazghi Semere Amlsom Simon Measho Department of Land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural College Keren Eritrea

Rice is staple food in Eritrea but it is not cultivated in the country due to semiarid conditions. However, possibilities exist for growing rice using runoff produced from nonagricultural hilly lands, which occupy >50% - 80% area of all agricultural watersheds in Eritrea. Study was undertaken in 6 ha watershed at Hamelmalo to design and develop waterway for safe harvesting of runoff from 5.5 ha catchment into a pond for facilitating runoff farming of rice in 0.5 ha field at the outlet end receiving recurrent floods. Slope of the catchment ranged from 1% to 6%. The waterway was designed to intercept and carry runoff from two major drains in nonagricultural land together and delivering into a pond made adjacent to rice field. The waterway was about 323 m long with 3 m top width, 1.5 m bottom width and 0.3 - 0.8 m depth from surface. The pond was 60 m long, 9 m wide and 1 m deep with 1.5 m high earthen dam towards rice field using soil excavated from the pond. Embankment on the remaining sides was mango orchard land slopping towards pond. The dam base width was 4 m, top width was 2.5 m and height was 1.5 m from the ground surface. Two spill ways were provided in the dam at ends at the ground level to facilitate release of runoff from the pond for irrigation. Gross capacity of pond was >1000 m3. Combined effect of river water, percolation from pond and wetter rice field raised groundwater table from 3.25 m depth in June to 1.4 m by mid-crop season. This resulted in soil wetness exceeding field capacity below 0.7 m depth and greener crop. Rice yields exceeding 2000 kg·ha-1 were harvested under runoff farming conditions. Soil puddling was more conducive to rice crop than compaction under available soil and water resources.

关键词： Compaction Pond Puddling Rice Runoff Farming Waterway

Effect of Puddling and Compaction on Water Requirements of Rice at Hamelmalo, Eritrea

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2016年第2期5卷 27-37页

作者： Bahlbi Goitom Ramesh prasad tripathi Woldeselassie Ogbazghi Tesfalem Weldeslassie Department of Land Resources and Environment Hamelmalo Agricultural Colleg Keren Eritrea

Eritrean farmers can cultivate rice by harvesting runoff from >82% available non-agricultural land in agricultural watersheds for crop use and reducing percolation through optimization of tillage. Experiments were conducted with NERICA rice, N11, to optimize irrigation requirements and puddling and compaction to reduce percolation. Experimental field was adjacent to Anseba River at downstream end of the watershed and a pond on the upstream to intercept runoff. Irrigation treatments were runoff farming with maximum runoff application depth of 10 mm (I1), and 50 mm irrigation two (I2), five (I3), and seven (I4) days after disappearance of ponded water in main plots and puddling by one (T1), two (T2) and three (T3) passes of puddler and compaction by three (T4), four (T5) and five (T6) passes of 600 kg roller in sub plots in 3 replications. Soil profile was loam in the surface 0.45 m and coarse sandy loam below forming porous belt. Soil submergence was difficult to maintain, but water table was developed in soil profile due to inflow of seepage from the river and pond. Depth to the water table was within 1.5 ± 0.1 m for >2 months and receded down to 1.7 m by crop maturity. Soil wetness was near field capacity around 0.7 m depth and increased below due to natural sub-irrigation from the water table. Rice roots penetrated 0.8 m in the puddled plots and 0.7 m in the compacted plots. Residual soil moisture of 135 - 146 mm·m-1 after rice harvesting provides opportunity for planting rapeseed mustered following rice. Puddling was superior to compaction in loam soil. Puddling twice and irrigation 50 mm 7 days after ponded water vanished from surface was sufficient for optimum rice grain yield of 4346 kg·ha-1 and straw yield of 4458 kg·ha-1. Optimum puddling and irrigation schedules reduced crop duration by 6 days without significantly a

关键词： Compaction Irrigation NERICA Rice Puddling Runoff Farming Water Table