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Yield Production and Energy Budget of Traditional Agricultural Crops in Garhwal Himalaya

Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第1期10卷 78-85页

作者： munesh kumar Department of Forestry HNB Garhwal University

The yield production and energy budget of agroecosystem was carried out at three different climatic regions, i.e., tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate in Garhwal Himalaya, India. The total human population was the highest （1 140） in tropical region, followed by 464 in temperate region, and 374 in sub-tropical region. Livestock population had also a similar trend with human population in each climatic region, which was 870, 290, and 188 in the tropical, temperate, and sub-tropical regions, respectively, in winter season, the crop production was the highest （2 332 kg hat yr-l） for Triticum aestivum in tropical region followed by 1 716 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 in sub-tropical region, and 1 473 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 in temperate region. The associated crops were Itordeurn vulgate, Brassica caml ＇stris, and Pisum sativa. However, in summer season, the most contributing crop was Oryza sativa, which had also the highest production in tropical region followed by sub-tropical region, and temperate region, i.e., 1 160, 1096, and 1 076 kg ha^-1 yr^-1, respectively. Other growing crops were Elusine coracana, Vigna mugo, Glycine soja, and Echnochlolafrumentaceae. Brassiea rugosa was the only crop grown in tropical region between the period of winter and summer season. The total root production of crops in each climatic region was the highest in tropical region （1 846.2 kg ha^-1 yr^-1）, followed by temperate region （1 841.5 kg ha^-1 yr^-1） and sub-tropical region （1442.5 kg ha^-1 yr^-1）. However, shoot components of crops were 20 241.5, 17 847.0, and 1 188.3 kg ha^-1 yr^-1, which recorded parallel to root in each climatic region. The root and shoot components of weed decreased with increasing altitudes, which were 105.39 and 1150.5 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 in tropical region, 94.55 and 1147.5 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 in sub-tropical region, and 73.33 and 871.5 kg ha^-1 yr^-1 in temperate region for root and shoot, respectively. In the energy inputs, the most contribution was of compost in each climatic region. Amo

关键词： energy budget agroecosystem production annual yield Garhwal Himalaya

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Above and below ground organic carbon stocks in a sub-tropical Pinus roxburghii Sargent forest of the Garhwal Himalayas

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第3期14卷 205-209页

作者： Mehraj A.SHEIKH Sanjay kumar munesh kumar Department of Forestry and Natural Resources H.N.B.Garhwal UniversitySrinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand 246174India

Accurate estimates of tree carbon, forest floor carbon and organic carbon in forest soils （SOC） are important in order to determine their contribution to global carbon （C） stocks. However, information about these carbon stocks is lacking. Some studies have investigated regional and continental scale patterns of carbon stocks in forest ecosystems; however, the changes in C storage in dif- ferent components （vegetation, forest floor and soil） as a function of elevation in forest ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, we estimate C stocks of vegetation, forest floor and soils of a Pinus roxburghii Sargent forest in the Garhwal Himalayas along a gradient to quantify changes in carbon stock due to differences in elevation at three sites. The biomass of the vegetation changes drastically with increasing elevation among the three sites. The above-ground biomass （AGB） and below-ground biomass （BGB） were highest at site I （184.46 and 46.386 t·ha^-1 respectively） at an elevation of 1300 m followed by site II （173.99 and 44.057 t·ha^-1 AGB and BGB respectively） at 1400 m and the lowest AGB and BGB were estimated at site III （161.72 and 41.301t·ha^-1） at 1500 m. The trend for SOC stock was similar to that of biomass. Our results suggest that carbon storage （in both soil and biomass） is nega- tively correlated with elevation.

关键词： biomass carbon organic carbon stock in soils sub-tropical region Himalayas

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Temporal Variations in Carbon Stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent Forests of Himachal Pradesh,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 959-966页

作者： Shipra SHAH Dharam Prakash SHARMA Nazir A.PALA Priyanka TRIPATHI munesh kumar Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry College of Forestry Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni Solan 173230 India Departments of Forestry Faculty of Horticulture UBKV Pundibari Cooch Behar 736165 India Department of Forestry and Natural Resources H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar-Garhwal Uttarakhand 249161 India

The present study was conducted in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh covering an area of about 57,158 ha. The aim was to estimate and assess the temporal change in carbon stock of the Chil Working Circle, in two forest ranges of the Division, Solan and Dharampur, over the period of 1956-2011. The inventory data of the working plans of Solan Forest Division from 1956-1957, 1984-1985 and 2002-2003 were used in the present study while field data for biomass estimation was collected for the year *** results showed a declining trend in carbon stock over 1956-1984 period, however, an increasing trend over 1984-2002 was observed, which showed a further increase for the period 2002-2011. These fluctuating trends in the forest carbon stock can be related to increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests and the subsequent introduction of a ban on green felling envisaging efficient forest management, both of which affect the forest carbon pool significantly.

关键词： Carbon stock Temporal change Climatechange Forest inventory

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Specific gravity of some woody species in the Srinagar Valley of the Garhwal Himalayas, India

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第1期15卷 85-88页

作者： Animesh KANAWJIA munesh kumar Mehraj A. SHEIKH Department of Forestry and Natural Resources HNB Garhwal University (A Central University)

In this study, we investigated the specific gravity of wood samples collected from a total of 31 woody spe- cies, consisting of 20 trees, 10 shrubs and one species of bamboo from sub-tropical regions of Garhwal Himalayas, In- dia. Results show that among these woody species, the specific gravity of trees ranged from 0.34 for Erythrina suberosa to 0.83 for Albizia procera. For shrub species the specific gravity of Ricinus communis was 0.39 and that of Dodonaea viscosa 0.93. The average specific gravity of trees was 0.58 and of shrubs 0.66.

关键词： specific gravity trees shrubs sub-tropical Garhwal Himalayas

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Wood specific gravity of some tree species in the Garhwal Himalayas, India

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第3期13卷 225-230页

作者： Mehraj A.SHEIKH munesh kumar Jahangeer A.BHAT Department of Forestry and Natural Resources HNB Garhwal University (A Central University)Srinagar Garhwal Uttarakhand India

Estimation of terrestrial biomass depends critically on reliable information about wood specific gravity of forest trees. In recent years, wood specific gravity has become more important when exploring the universality of functional traits of plants and estimating their global carbon stocks. To estimate their specific gravity, wood samples were collected from a total of 34 tree species, 30 from lower elevations and 4 from upper elevations in the Garhwal Himalayas, India. The results show that the average wood specific gravity was 0.631 （ranging between 0.275 ± 0.01 and 0.845 ± 0.03） for the species at lower elevations and 0.727 （ranging between 0.628 ± 0.02 and 0.865 ± 0.02） for the upper elevations. The average wood specific gravity for the upper elevation species was 9.6% greater than that for the species at lower elevations. Aegle marmelos among the lower elevation species and Quercus leucotrichophora among the upper elevation species had the highest wood specific gravity, which were 0.845 ± 0.03 and 0.865 ± 0.02, respectively.

关键词： specific gravity biomass elevation

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Forest structure, diversity and regeneration in unburnt and burnt Anogeissus latifolia forests in Garhwal Himalayas

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第4期14卷 268-275页

作者： munesh kumar Jahangeer A. BHAT G. S. RAJWAR Department of Forestry and Natural Resources HNB Garhwal University Department of Botany Government Post Graduate College

The present study was carried out at two different gradients of unbumt and burnt Anogeissus latifolia forest sites in the Garhwal region, India. At each gradient, the unburnt and burnt forest sites were further categorized into three different elevations, i.e., lower （700 m）, middle （850 m） and upper （1000 m）. At each elevation, the density of trees, saplings and seedlings was higher at the unburnt sites except for trees at the upper elevation which was higher at the burnt sites. The total basal area of each layer of for- est was also higher at the unburnt sites. The study revealed that the lower number of saplings and seedlings at the burnt forest sites might be due to the effect of fire. Most trees in the lower dbh classes were affected by forest fire at the burnt sites which reduced the total density and total basal area of the trees compared to the unburnt sites. The diversity of trees increased with increasing elevation. However, the diversity of saplings and seedlings reduced with increasing elevation.

关键词： Anogeissus latifolia unburnt and burnt forest elevational gradient diversity regeneration

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The effects of disturbance on forest structure and diversity at different altitudes in Garhwal Himalaya

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生态学杂志 2009年第3期28卷 424-432页

作者： munesh kumar Chandra Mohan SHARMA Govind Singh RA JWAR Department of Forestry Henwati Nandan BahugunaGarhwal University Department of Botany Henwati Nandan BahugunaGarhwal University Department of Botany Government Post Graduate College

The effects of disturbance on forest structure and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the temperate,sub-tropical,and tropical regions of Garhwal Himalaya were *** region was further categorized into undisturbed(UD),mildly disturbed(MD),and highly disturbed(HD)sites on the basis of magnitude of disturbance in these *** UD sites of temperate,sub-tropical and tropical regions,Quercus leucotrichophora,Anogeissus latifolia and Holoptelea integrifolia were the dominant tree species *** highest values of tree density(1028 ind·hm-2)and total basal cover at breast height(31.70 m2 ·hm-2)were recorded for UD site of temperate region,whereas maximum species diversity(3.128)and equitability(14.09)values were observed for HD site of tropical *** structure and composition of the forests were greatly affected by the degree of disturbance.

关键词：植物多样性生物结构森林生态系统

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Carbon stock of trees along an elevational gradient in temperate forests of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第2期15卷 137-143页

作者： Jahangeer A. BHAT Kaiser IQBAL munesh kumar A. K. NEGI N. P. TODARIA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal)Uttarakhand 249161 India

The estimation of carbon density of high altitude forests was carried out at five different sites along an elevational gradient from 1550 m to 3550 m in a part of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, which is one of the largest protected areas of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Among the study sites the above ground biomass density （AGBD） ranged from 202.72 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 5） to 718.75 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 1） and below ground biomass density （BGBD） from 61.00 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 5） to 203.04 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 1）. The total biomass density （TBD） also followed similar trend, where the lowest value （263.73 Mg·ha^-1） was observed at Site 5 and the highest （921.79 Mg·ha^-1） at Site 1. The total carbon density （TCD） ranged from 131.86 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 5） to 460.89 Mg·ha^-1 （Site 1）, which indicates that the carbon density of forests reduces with increasing elevation.

关键词： carbon density Himalaya elevation sanctuary

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Effect of leaf and bark aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia on growth performance of Vigna unguiculata

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 432-434页

作者： Jahangeer A. Bhat munesh kumar Bhupendra Singh Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of leaf and bark aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia tree on Vigna unguiculata traditional crop to understand the suitability of treecrop combination in agricultural fields. Different concentrations of leaf (1%, 3% and 5%) and bark (1%, 3% and 5%) aqueous extract of A. latifolia were used to study radicle and plumule growth of Vigna unguiculata. The leaf and bark aqueous extract have shown minimum allelopathic effect on V. unguiculata and suppressed/stimulated radicle and plumule growth under different concentrations. The wide distribution of Anogeissus latifolia in a subtropical region of Garhwal Himalaya, provides good fodder fuel wood and timber to the villagers. Therefore introducing Anogeissus latifolia in agricultural field and maintaining the existed trees at boundaries of agricultural fields can be useful to the villagers requirements for the villages and wherever the possible allopathic effect exit can be minimized by lopping the branches of trees and use of naturally flecked off bark for fuel wood purposes.

关键词： Aqueous Extract Bark Leaf Radicle and Plumule Growth

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Regeneration status of a sub-tropical Anogeissus latifolia forest in Garhwal Himalaya,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 439-444,522页

作者： munesh kumar Mukesh Joshi N.P.Todaria Department of Forestry HNB Garhwal University

The present study deals with the regeneration status of a sub- tropical forest located between 950-1100 m above sea level in Garhwal Himalaya. The vegetation was quantitatively analyzed on four different aspects i.e., east, west, north and south. Results of the study indicated that across the aspects, Anogeissus latifolia was dominant in tree, sapling and seedling layers in all the aspects, except north aspect where Pinus roxburghii and Terminalia tomentosa were dominant in tree and seedling layers, respectively. The highest tree layer density （380 ***^-1） was recorded on south aspect and lowest （260 ***^-1） on west aspect. In shrub layer, highest density was on east aspect （1790 ***-1） and lowest on west aspect （970 ***）. Tree and shrub layer diversity ranged between 0.846 to 1.710 and 1.943 to 2.847, respectively. The relative lopping intensity （%） was higher in Anogeissus latifolia （45%- 57% as compared to 4%-33% in other species） which is the most important tree species on all aspects, except north aspect. The present study also reveals that if the current rate of exploitation continues, the species like Anogeissus latifolia may be replaced by other species and drastic changes may occur in species composition and regeneration of the forest. The anthropogenic pressure, aspect and soil nutrients have caused changes in regeneration status and species composition of forests.

关键词： Anogeissus latifolia Garhwal Himalaya tropical regeneration

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