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Transition metal oxides as hole-transporting materials in organic semiconductor and hybrid perovskite based solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第4期60卷 472-489页

作者： Pingli Qin Qin He Dan Ouyang Guojia Fang Wallace C.H. choy Gang Li Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Hum Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China School of Science Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China College of Post and Telecommunications Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-struetures of the Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Organic polymer solar cells （OSCs） and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells （PSCs） have achieved notable progress over the past several years. A central topic in these fields is exploring electronically efficient, stable and effective hole-transporting layer （HTL） materials. The goal is to enhance hole-collection ability, reduce charge recombination, increase built-in voltage, and hence improve the performance as well as the device stability. Transition metal oxides （TMOs） semiconductors such as NiOx, CuOx, CrOx, MoOx, WO3, and V2O5, have been widely used as HTLs in OSCs. These TMOs are naturally adopted into PSC as HTLs and shows their importance. There are similarities, and also differences in applying TMOs in these two types of main solution processed solar cells. This concise review is on the recent developments of transition metal oxide HTL in OSCs and PSCs. The paper starts from the discussion of the cation valence and electronic structure of the transition metal oxide materials, followed by analyzing the structure-property relationships of these HTLs, which we attempt to give a systematic introduction about the influences of their cation valence, electronic structure, work ftmction and film property on device performance.

关键词： hole-transporting layer transition metal oxide perovskite solar cell organic solar cell

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Thermodynamic and kinetics of hydrogen photoproduction enhancement by concentrated sunlight with CO_(2) photoreduction by heterojunction photocatalysts

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第4期6卷 14-20页

作者： Ziyu Liu Teng Yi Chenxu Huang Kwang-Leong choy Chaozong Liu School of Medical Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityChina Centre for Materials Research University College LondonUK National Institude of Defense Science and Technology China Northwest Institute of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering China

For achieving water splitting into hydrogen under sunlight for practical applications,the high efficiencies of the photoreduction of CO_(2) over TiO_(2)/Fe3O4 photocatalysts combined with hydrogenation of water splitting over Pt/TiO_(2) were investigated by practical concentrated solar energy compared with Hg lamp and Xe *** on AI analysis on the influence factors,the key parameters for TOC concentration were photocatalysts,Na2CO3 concentration and radiation intensity while the key parameters for hydrogen production were photocatalysts,radiation intensity,and TOC ***,the mechanism of concentrated sunlight effects has been discussed from the view of thermodynamics and *** concentrated sunlight provides a simultaneous supply of sufficient electron–hole pairs and thermal *** to hydrogen and CO_(2) reduction are both enhanced in concentrated sunlight due to endothermal *** changes the internal electric field of p-n junction of in different possible ways,and thus composite photocatalysts with favorable formation of p-n junctions would enhance the charge separation by internal electric ***,photocatalysts are beneficial for providing more excited electrons at a time for achieving CO_(2) photoreduction at the surface region of the particles with higher density of radiation by concentrated solar ***,products from CO_(2) photoreduction,acting as sacrificial electron donors,improved hydrogen evolution in solar-mediated water splitting for prohibiting reverse reactions.

关键词： Concentrated sunlight Hydrogen evolution CO_(2)photoreduction p-n junction Thermodynamics and kinetics

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Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2178-2189页

作者： Sook Yan choy Krishna Murthy Nagendra Prasad Ta Yeong Wu Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Raghunandan Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan Chemical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Civil Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Advanced Engineering Platform School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia

Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing flesh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. Natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.

关键词： Chemical coagulant Commercialization Constraints Fruit waste Protein Turbidity reduction

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The Correlation Between Particle-Size Dispersity and Percolation Threshold of Brittle-Ductile Transition in Polymer Blends

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第1期36卷 18-24页

作者：李强郑文革漆宗能朱晓光 C.L.choy State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing 100080 PRC Department of Physics the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong

Percolation threshold of Brittle-Ductile (B-D) transition and its relation with the affecting varibles (such as particle-size dispersity, interphase adhesion)in polymer blends are *** Threshold (Φ_(sc)) which is equivalent to that of B-D transition and critical matrix ligament thickness (T_c) are first independently calculated and the correlated equation between Φ_(sc) and σ_g is also *** addition, a new type of master curve of S_1(G_0,toughness) with Φ_s (stress volume fraction) for polymer blends is proposed and the new parameter Φ_(so) (up-limited stress volume fraction) is also discussed. The results confirm that Φ_(sc) is not only related with σ_g,but also tightly related with the interphase adhesion.

关键词： Brittle-Duetile transition percolation threshold particle-size dispersity interphase adhesion polymer blends.

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Two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers for high efficiency bulk-heterojunction solar cell application:Band gap and energy level engineering

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第4期54卷 685-694页

作者： DUAN ChunHui WANG ChuanDao LIU ShengJian HUANG Fei choy C.H.Wallace CAO Yong Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

Three two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers PFSDCN,PFSDTA and PFSDCNIO,which consist of alternating fluorene and triphenylamine main chain,and different pendant acceptor groups (malononitrile,1,3-diethtyl-2-thiobarbituric acid and 2-(1,2-dihydro-1-oxoinden-3-ylidene)malononitrile) with thiophene as π-bridge,have been designed,synthesized and *** structure-property relationships of the two-dimensional like conjugated copolymers were systematically *** absorption spectra,band gaps,and energy levels of the polymers were effectively tuned by simply attaching different acceptor *** the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptors increased,the band gaps of the polymers were narrowed from 2.05 to 1.61 eV;meanwhile,the LUMO energy levels of the polymers decreased from -3.27 to -3.75 eV,whereas their relatively deep HOMO energy levels of ～-5.35 eV were *** solar cells were fabricated and characterized by using the three polymers as donor materials and the highest power conversion efficiency of 2.87% was achieved for the device based on PFSDTA:(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester blend.

关键词： conjugated polymers two-dimensional like polymers band gaps bulk-heterojunction solar cells

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Quantitative characterization of toughening mechanisms of rubber modified polymers

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Science China Chemistry 1997年第2期40卷 146-151页

作者：朱晓光漆宗能徐虎李刚蔡忠龙 C.L.choy Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong

The volume changes of rubber modified polymers under creep at room temperature were successfully used to characterize the toughening mechanisms of blends with brittle polymer matrices such as high impact *** approach cannot be applied to pseudo-ductile polymers such as polypropylene and polyamide,because they are ductile when stretched at low speed at room *** on the time-temperature equivalence princi ple,the volume change at low temperature is proposed to characterize quantitatively the toughening mechanisms of polymer blends with ductile matrices,which is illustrated by applying this approach to rubber modified polypropylene

关键词： pseudo-ductile polymer brittle-ductile transition time-temperature equivalence micro-damage toughening mechanisms

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Monolayer Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Metal-Free Catalyst with Enhanced Performance in Photo- and Electro-Catalysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第3期14卷 308-321页

作者： Huiyan Piao Goeun Choi Xiaoyan Jin Seong‑Ju Hwang Young Jae Song Sung‑Pyo Cho Jin‑Ho choy Intelligent Nanohybrid Materials Laboratory(INML) Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering(ITREN)Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea College of Science and Technology Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 440‑746Republic of Korea Department of Nano Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 440‑746Republic of Korea National Center for Inter‑University Research Facilities(NCIRF) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Graphene Research Center Advanced Institute of Convergence TechnologySuwon 16229Republic of Korea Department of Pre‑Medical Course College of MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative(WRHI) Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama 226‑8503Japan

The exfoliation of bulk graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))into monolayer has been intensively studied to induce maximum sur-face area for fundamental studies,but ended in failure to realize chemi-cally and physically well-defined monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)mostly due to the difficulty in reducing the layer thickness down to an atomic *** has,therefore,remained as a challenging issue in two-dimensional(2D)chemistry and physics *** this study,an“atomic monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)with perfect two-dimensional limit”was successfully prepared by the chemically well-defined two-step *** atomically resolved monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)was also confirmed by spectroscopic and micro-scopic *** addition,the experimental Cs-HRTEM image was collected,for the first time,which was in excellent agreement with the theoretically simulated;the evidence of monolayer of g-C_(3)N_(4)in the perfect 2D limit becomes now clear from the HRTEM image of orderly hexagonal symmetry with a cavity formed by encirclement of three adjacent heptazine *** to bulk g-C_(3)N_(4),the present g-C_(3)N_(4)monolayer showed significantly higher photocatalytic gen-eration of H2O2 and H2,and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction *** addition,its photocatalytic efficiency for H2O2 production was found to be the best for any known g-C_(3)N_(4)nanomaterials,underscoring the remarkable advantage of monolayer formation in optimizing the catalyst performance of g-C_(3)N_(4).

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride Monolayer Atomic image Electro-and photo-catalysis

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Study on International Standard Multilingual Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2010年第2期16卷 176-179页

作者：王奎刘路李蔚史大卓曾文颖朱勉生 Angles Michel Attali Jean-Raymond Pedro choy Joao choy WU Chi-haur 翟扶汉 Ramon Maria Calduch 钟清 Translation Department World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ISN French Editorial Board(Paris) ISN Portuguese Editorial Board(Lisbon) ISN Spanish Editorial Board(Madrid)

The International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese medicine（ISN） was released in 2007,a nomenclature list consisting of 6 500 Chinese medical *** was the culmination of several years of collaborative diligent work of over 200 specialists who represent Chinese medicine in 68 *** overall goal for devising standard English nomenclature for Chinese medicine is to develop a practical international standard nomenclature for Chinese medical basic terms,to make it compatible with contemporary research and educational standards in the globalized health care *** this article,provided is an overview of principles and methods for the multilingual translations,the processes behind the particular content of the Chinese-English ISN and an introduction to the ongoing new projects,*** multilingual versions of ISN（International Standards of Chinese-Spanish,Chinese-French and Chinese-Portuguese Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine）.

关键词： international standard nomenclature (ISN) Chinese medicine translating principles translating methods multilingual standards

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Synergistic Multilayer Adsorption for Low Concentration Dyestuffs by Biomass

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012年第3期20卷 560-566页

作者： Keith Kim Hung choy Gordon Mckay Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Due to the high cost of adsorbents and their thermal regeneration in recent years, much research has fo- cused on the search for cheaper adsorbents for treating wastewater from textile industry. The single component ad-sorption of an acidic dye, Acid Yellow 117, and a basic dye, Methylene Blue, onto several adsoroents-bamooo, waste wood, bamboo char, waste wood char, bamboo activated carbon, wood activated carbon and active carbon F400 were conducted. Based on a Langmuir analysis, the monolayer adsorption capacities were determined. Three of the adsorbents were selected for binary layer adsorption to check the multilayer concept and the potential application for better adsorbent usage. The two cheapest adsorbents, bamboo and wood are compared with the commer-cial activated carbon F400, and all three systems were successful.

关键词： multilayer adsorption biomass dyestuffs

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Negative permittivity derived from inductive characteristic in the percolating Cu/EP metacomposites

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第11期35卷 2463-2469页

作者： Kai Sun Jiahao Xin Yaping Li Zhongyang Wang Qing Hou Xiaofeng Li Xinfeng Wu Runhua Fan Kwang Leong choy College of Ocean Science and Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai201306China Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Shandong UniversityJinan250061China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore Department of Chemistry University College LondonLondonWC1H 0AJUK UCL Institute for Materials Discovery University College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK

Recently,increasing attention has been concentrated on negative permittivity with the development of the emerging metamaterials composed of periodic array ***,taking facile preparation into consideration,it is important to achieve negative permittivity behavior based on materials'intrinsic properties rather than their artificially periodic *** this paper,we proposed to fabricate the percolating composites with copper dispersed in epoxy(EP)resin by a polymerization method to realize the negative permittivity *** Cu content in the composites reached to 80 wt%,the conductivity abruptly went up by three orders of magnitudes,suggesting a percolation *** the percolation threshold,the conductivity spectra conform to Jonscher's power law;when the Cu/EP composites reached to percolating state,the conductivity gradually reduced in high frequency region due to the skin *** is indicated that the conductive mechanism changed from hopping conduction to electron *** addition,the permittivity did not increase monotonously with the increase of Cu content in the vicinity of percolation threshold,due to the presence of leakage ***,the negative permittivity conforming to Drude model was observed above the percolation *** investigation revealed that there was a constitutive relationship between the permittivity and the *** conductive fillers are slightly above the percolation threshold,the inductive characteristic derived from conductive percolating network leads to the negative *** epsilon-negative materials can potentially be applied in novel electrical devices,such as high-power microwave filters,stacked capacitors,negative capacitance field effect transistors and coil-free *** addition,the design strategy based on percolating composites provides an approach to epsilon-negative materials.

关键词： Negative permittivity Epsilon-negative materials Percolating composites Metacomposites Metamaterials

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