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Watershed management,groundwater recharge and drought resilience:An integrated approach to adapt to rainfall variability in northern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 663-683页

作者： Kifle Woldearegay Berhane Grum Rudi Hessel Frank van Steenbergen Luuk Fleskens Eyasu Yazew Lulseged Tamene Kindu Mekonnen Teklay Reda mulu haftu School of Earth Science Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia School of Civil Engineering Mekelle Institute of Technology-MekelleMekelle UniversityP.O.Box 3185MekelleEthiopia Soil Water and Land Use TeamWageningen Environmental ResearchP.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands MetaMeta Research Postelstraat 25211EA's-HertogenboschThe Netherlands Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 476700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box231MekelleEthiopia International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Addis AbabaEthiopia International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) Addis AbabaEthiopia Wukro Saint Mary College WukroTigrayEthiopia

Rainfall variability coupled with poor land and water management is contributing to food insecurity in many sub-Saharan African countries such as *** address such challenges,various efforts have been implemented in *** objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term impacts of different soil and water conservation and water harvesting interventions on groundwater and drought resilience of the Gule watershed,northern *** study involved:(i)documentation of the ap-proaches followed and the technologies implemented in Gule since the 1990s,(ii)monitoring the hy-drological effects of the interventions for ten years,and(iii)evaluation of the effects of the interventions on groundwater(level and quality),spring discharge and suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in *** showed that interventions were implemented at different stages and *** a result of the interventions,the watershed was transformed into a landscape resilient to rainfall variability:(a)dry shallow groundwater wells have become productive and the level of water in wells has raised,(b)the groundwater quality has improved,(c)SSC in high floods has reduced by up to 65%,(d)discharge of existing springs has increased by up to 73%and new springs have started to *** to improved water availability,irrigated land has increased from less than 3.5 ha before 2002 to 166 ha in *** have remained water-secure during an extreme drought in 2015/*** of watershed management practices has transformed the landscape to be resilient to rainfall variability in a semi-arid environment:a lesson for adaptation to climate variability and change in similar environments.

关键词： Climate change Green and blue water Landscape restoration Water harvesting

Local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret Kebele, Basona Worena district, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 381-393页

作者： Solomon Ayele Tadesse Solomon mulu Tafere Department of Natural Resources Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resource SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Forestry College of AgricultureWollo UniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia

Introduction:Growing Eucalyptus at a farm level in the form of woodlot has become popular among rural households in *** example,rural households mainly establish Eucalyptus woodlot as a component of livelihood improvement and diversification to meet household wood demand and generating cash ***,there is lack of information on the growth parmeters of Eucalyptus woodlot and the factors influencing the household decision on their establishment at the individual farmland *** objective of this study was to examine local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret *** hypothesized that local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret Kebele is affected by socioeconomic and cognitive ***:A structured questionnaire comprising closed-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=94 households to collect information on local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus *** households were randomly selected through a lottery system based on their house identification *** statistics,binary logit,and multiple linear regression were used to analyze and interpret the ***:The results revealed that about 92%of the respondents noted that growing Eucalyptus woodlot had positive impacts on the socioeconomic situation of the community considering that it contributes to economic benefits through the sale of wood products,such as poles,construction materials,and ***,only 8%of the respondents noted that the negative impacts of Eucalyptus woodlot were attributed to the decline in crop and forage production due to its allelopatic effect,and the reduction in ground water *** of the respondents(about 68%)preferred to grow Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret ***,most of the respon

关键词： Adverse impacts Binary logit regression Cognitive variables Eucalyptus Fuelwood Local communities Multiple linear regression Rural households Socioeconomic variables Woodlot

Development of a C3c-based ELISA method for the determination of anti-complementary potency of Bupleurum polysaccharides

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第4期5卷 316-322页

作者： mulu Wu Hong Li Yunyi Zhang Daofeng Chen Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Fudan University Department of Microbiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Department of Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy Fudan University

Traditionally, determination of inhibitory potency of complement inhibitors is performed by the hemolytic assay. However, this assay is not applicable to the lectin pathway, thus impeding the understanding of complement inhibitors against the overall function of the complement system. The main objective of our study was to develop a specific enzyme-linked immunosoihent assay (ELISA) as an alternative method to assess the anti-complement activity, particularly against the lectin pathway. By using respective coating substrates against different activation pathways, followed by capturing the stable C3c fragments, our ELBA method can be used to screen complement inhibitors against the classical pathway and the lectin pathway. The inhibitory effect of sununin on the classical pathway, as measured by our hemolytic assay is consistent with previous reports. Further assessment of suramin and Bupleurum polysaccharides against the lectin pathway showed a good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of the lectin pathway IC5is between *** var, purviPliam polysaccharides (1.055 ingtmE) and Buplcurann chinense polysaccharides (0.98 ing/mL) showed that similar to the classical and alterative pathway, these two Bupleurum polysaccharides had comparable anti complementary properties against the lectin pathway. The results demonstrate that the described EIASA assay can compensate for he shortcomings of the hemolytic assay in lectin pathway. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： ELISA Complement C3c Suramin Bupleurum smithti var. parvifolium Bupleurum chinense Polysaccharides

Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Air Pollution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2020年第2期2卷 19-25页

作者： mulu Fikeraddis Lake Endeshaw Department of Physics Worabe UniversityWorabeEthiopia

In this paper we access the effects of two atmospheric variables (temperatureand relative humidity) on two important pollutants in the atmosphere(Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO)) by using one year(2016) data of Addis Ababa. Temperature has impact on atmosphericmixing and cause for the reduction of NOx as temperature *** are positive correlation between temperature and CO concentrationfrom January to April with (R^2 = 0.69), negative correlation from Mayto August with (R2 = 0.92) and no correlation for the remaining *** and CO have moderate positive and negative correlation with relativehumidity during the months January-April (R^2 = 0.294 for NOx and R^2 =0291 for CO) and in the months May-August are R2 = 0.97 and R2 = 0.15for NOx and CO respectively. But there are no clear correlation betweenthe NOx and CO with relative humidity from *** concentrations during wet season was almost about twice that of thedry season, but no such difference was observed in the case of CO. Theseasonal average air temperature in wet season is relatively lower than dryseason. NOx exhibited positive and CO negative seasonal correlations withrelative humidity.

关键词： Atmospheric pollutants Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides Relative humidity Temperature

A tale of duality:Community perceptions towards the ecotourism impacts on Simien Mountains National Park,Ethiopia

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 453-464页

作者： Tewodros ABUHAY Endalkachew TESHOME Gashaw mulu Department of Political Science and Governance Studies University of GondarGondar196Ethiopia Department of Development and Environmental Management Studies University of GondarGondar196Ethiopia Department of Tourism and Hotel Management University of GondarGondar196Ethiopia

This study aims to analyze how park households perceive the economic,sociocultural,and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Simien Mountain National Park(SMNP),*** combined qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection.A sequentially embedded mixed design that gives priority to quantitative data was *** also employed a multistage sampling technique to select respondents from three districts or woredas,namely Debark,Janamora,and Beyeda ***,397 participants were involved in the study from a random selection of three villages from each district or *** were gathered using a survey questionnaire,interviews,and focus group *** were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods,including means,standard deviations,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and logistic regression *** findings from a logistic regression analysis revealed that ecotourism participation had a significant relationship with gender(B=1.850,P=0.023),level of education(B=0.238,P=0.032),geographical location(B=0.420,P=0.041),and occupation(B=0.920,P=0.019).This investigation suggested that males and individuals with a higher educational background are more likely to possess optimistic perspectives concerning the impacts of ***,individuals residing in districts relatively near ecotourism destinations,those engaged in tourism-related work,and younger participants were recognized as having optimistic viewpoints regarding the impacts of *** conclusion,the study highlighted the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to maximize ecotourism’s benefits and minimize negative effects in *** achieve this,it is recommended that the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Agency,the Ministry of Tourism,and local government should work together to develop sustainable tourism plans that enhance local livelihoods and park *** should focus on increasing the participation of females and individ

关键词： Ecotourism Perception of ecotourism impacts Ecotourism participation Protected area resident World heritage site Semien Mountains National Park(SMNP)Ethiopia

Knowledge and associated factors of healthcare workers on measles vaccine and cold chain management at health institutions in Gondar,Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第1期16卷 26-32页

作者： Aschalew Gelaw Yeshambel Belyhun Yitayih Wondimeneh Mehretie Kokeb Mulat Dagnew Azanaw Amare Mesert mulu Martha Alemayehu Baye Gelaw Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences University of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Pediatrics and Child Health School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Objective:To assess the knowledge of healthcare workers on the measles vaccine and its cold chain ***:An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30,2022 in Gondar City Administration public health institutions among 165 healthcare *** were collected using a structured *** addition,an on-spot observation checklist was used to assess the availability,status and management of the cold chain.A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between the outcome and predictor *** and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95%confidence ***:Overall,87(52.7%;95%CI 44.8%-60.5%)of the healthcare workers had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding the measles vaccine and its cold chain *** hundred thirty-six(82.4%)healthcare workers correctly mentioned the recommended range of temperature(2-8℃)for measles vaccine *** workers aged 18-29 years(P=0.001)and 30-44 years(P=0.014)were observed as determinants of unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain *** hundred and five(63.6%)of the healthcare workers did not correctly mention the type of measles vaccine used in routine *** than one-third(36.4%)of the healthcare workers perceived that the measles vaccine is not safe and could cause ***:More than half of the healthcare workers in the study area had unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain *** is necessary to provide technical support and in-service training for healthcare workers to ensure optimal immunization effectiveness.

关键词： Measles vaccine Healthcare workers Cold chain Gondar

Time to recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors among pediatric patients admitted in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,South West Ethiopia,2022

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第3期11卷 343-353页

作者： Belete Fenta Kebede Aynalem Yetwale Hiwot Tsegaw Biyazin Tesfa Yalemtsehay Dagnaw Genie Nigatu Dessalegn mulu Department of Midwifery College of Medicine and Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre Markos 269Ethiopia Department of Midwifery Woldiya UniversityWoldiyaEthiopia School of Midwifery Institute of HealthJimma UniversityJimma 378Ethiopia Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing Debre Markos UniversityDebre Markos 269Ethiopia Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing Injibara UniversityInjibaraEthiopia

Objective:Despite trials and programs for the prevention of childhood mortality due to pneumonia,Ethiopia is among the top five countries with the highest number of deaths due to *** the prevalence of pneumonia has increased in the abovementioned trials,little is known about the recovery time from severe pneumonia and its predictors in the study ***,this study aimed to assess the time to recovery from severe pneumonia and its predictors among pediatric patients admitted to Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,Ethiopia,in ***:A total of 591 children admitted for severe pneumonia were selected using simple random *** were entered into Epi-data version 4.***.2.1 and expor ted to STATA version 14 for analysis,and the assumptions of Cox propor tional hazard models and goodness of fit were assessed through Shoenfeld residual and Cox-Snell residual,*** and multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify the predictors of mor ***:This study revealed that 91.54%(95%confidence interval[CI]:89.00–93.53)of participants recovered with an incidence rate of 24.10(95%CI:22.15–26.21)per 100 person-day–*** hmedian recovery time of children was 4 days(95%CI:2–6).Children who were not exclusively breastfed(AHR=1.3;95%CI:1.03–1.66),who had a history of inability to suck/feed(AHR=0.81;95%CI:0.65–0.99)were independent predictors of the time to ***:Children with severe pneumonia who had not exclusively breastfed and who had a history of inability to suck/feed were independent predictors of time to ***,all stakeholders and concerned health care providers should focus more on early diagnosis and management and hasten early recovery based on the identified factors.

关键词： Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital pediatric patients predictors severe pneumonia Southwest Ethiopia time to recovery

Paediatric Surgical Outreach to Papua New Guinea: Initial Experience

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2018年第9期9卷 697-702页

作者： R. Rai Jack mulu A. S. Jacobsen Department of Paediatric Surgery K K Women’s & Children’s Hospital Singapore Paediatric Surgical Unit Port Moresby General Hospital Korobosea Papua New Guinea

This is a report of our early experience in establishing a Paediatric surgical outreach program to Papua New Guinea (PNG) to build capacity and improve care. A Paediatric surgical outreach mission was initiated about 4 years ago in collaboration with Singhealth and PNG along with the multidisciplinary team of health care professionals from Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Urology, Plastics and Anaesthesia. On each mission trip of 4 - 7 days duration, Singhealth doctors supervise or perform surgeries for complex cases, conduct patient consultations and give lectures to impart knowledge and transfer skills to the local health care community in PNG. In addition, a 6 - 12 months training program in Singapore for PNG doctors has been started. For complex cases which cannot be managed in PNG, there is provision for transfer of patients to Singapore under KKROK fund for further treatment. So far 4 mission trips have been conducted in past 4 years for paediatric surgical unit in Port Moresby General Hospital of PNG focussing on teaching and training of local Paediatric surgeons. Based on evaluation of the Singhealth medical team, there is severe shortage of medical manpower, surgical skill and specialised expertise. Due to lack of intensive care facility, adequate medications and proper medical equipment in the hospital, there are many conditions being left untreated causing high morbidity and mortality among infants and neonates. Such humanitarian work inspires Singhealth towards its global health mission of promoting health equity in responding to the medical needs of PNG through training and leveraging on strength through partnership. In addition, our doctors gain invaluable learning from the exposure, hone their skill as they treat a diversity of cases and are innovative in their treatment options by working in an environment with limited resources.

关键词： Paediatric Surgery Outreach Papua New Guinae

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae over 6 years at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第7期3卷 536-541页

作者： Belay Anagaw Mucheye Gezachew Fantahun Biadgelgene Berhanu Anagaw Tariku Geleshe Birke Taddese Birhanu Getie Mengistu Endris Andargachew mulu Chandrashekhar Unakal Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of GondarEthiopia Department of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar Ethiopia Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine University of LeipzigGermany Science Faculty Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Teaching Hospital Laboratory Bacteriology Section University of GondarEthiopia Institute of Virology Faculty of Medicine University of LeipzigGermany

Objective:To assess the magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates from various clinical ***:A record based on retrospectivestudy was conducted at Gondar University Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to January *** patients who visited Gondar University Hospital and provided clinical specimens(body fluids,discharge,swab and blood)for routine bacteriological culturing and antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting were taken for *** specimens were processed for bacterial culture accordingto the standard *** susceptibility test for isolated organisms was doneusing agar disk diffusion *** data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version16 ***:One hundred and fifty threeStreptococcus pneumoniaewere isolated frompatients who visited Gondar University Teaching Hospital bacteriology laboratory for *** of the pneumococcal isolates were from inpatients[111(72.5%)],and 74(48.4%)were frombody *** of the total isolates,93(61%)were found to be resistant to at least one antibioticused for susceptibility *** eight(43.2%)of the isolates were multi-drug resistant(resistantto two or more drugs).The resistance rate noted for both ciprofloxacin 17(11.1%)and ceftriaxone15(9.8%)were ***:High proportions of the isolates tend to be increasinglyresistant to the commonly prescribed *** recommended drug of choice like ciprofloxacinand ceftriaxone were found to be less susceptible in the study *** on the findings,wetherefore recommend that antimicrobial agents should be inspected for acceptable activity beforethey are prescribed and administered *** study with a better design and surveyof antimicrobial susceptibility at large scale shoule be performed to draw advanced information.

关键词： Streptococcus pneumoniae Antimicrobial agents Susceptibility patterns Gondar Ethiopia