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Tree ring derived summer temperature variability over the past millennium in the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1026-1036页

作者： Fayaz ASAD Haifeng ZHU Tabassum YASEEN Ru HUANG mukund palat rao Department of Botany Bacha Khan University CharsaddaKhyber Dakhtun Khaw 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences CAS-HECIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals Barcelona 08193Spain Department of Plant Science University of California Davis(UC Davis)95616CaliforniaUSA Tree Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityNY 10964USA

Long-term high resolution climate proxies are essential for understanding climate variability particularly,in regions such as the western Himalayas of northern Pakistan,where few long-term climate records are *** standard dendrochronological methods,an 1132-year(882 to 2013 C.E.)tree-ring chronology of Juniperus excelsa *** was established from the western Himalayas,northern Pakistan(WHNP).Tree growth was negatively and significantly(r=-0.65)correlated with the growing season(June-July)mean temperature,and positively and weakly(r=0.22)associated with *** inverse relationship of tree radial growth with temperature and positive association with precipitation demonstrated that forest growth is sensitive to high temperature related *** a reliable STD chronology and robust reconstruction model,a 928-year(1086 to 2013 C.E.)mean temperature reconstruction was developed for the WHNP using the substantial negative correlation between the summer temperature and standard tree ring-width *** to statistical validation,the reconstruction accounted for 41.6% of the climatic variation for the period of 1956-2013 *** *** extreme-warm periods occurred in 1093 C.E.(29.42℃)and extreme cold periods in 1088 C.E.(26.99℃)observed during the past 928 *** reconstruction's multi-taper method(MTM)spectral analysis reveals significant(p<0.05)2-3-year and 63.8-year *** the 2-3-year cycle occurred within the range of ENSO variation,which indicates that ENSO had an impact on the regional temperature in our studied area.

关键词： tree rings Juniperus excelsa dendrochronology reconstruction western Himalaya

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Artificial intelligence in endoscopy: More than what meets the eye in screening colonoscopy and endosonographic evaluation of pancreatic lesions

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第3期3卷 16-30页

作者： Harshavardhan rao B Judy A Trieu Priya Nair Gilad Gressel mukund Venu Rama P Venu Department of Gastroenterology Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesKochi 682041KeralaIndia Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology Loyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIL 60153United States Center for Cyber Security Systems and Networks Amrita VishwavidyapeethamKollam 690546KeralaIndia

Artificial intelligence(AI)-based tools have ushered in a new era of innovation in the field of gastrointestinal(GI)*** vast improvements in endoscopic techniques and equipment,diagnostic endoscopy remains heavily operator-dependent,in particular,colonoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS).Recent reports have shown that as much as 25%of colonic adenomas may be missed at *** can result in an increased incidence of interval colon ***,EUS has been shown to have high inter-observer variability,overlap in diagnoses with a relatively low specificity for pancreatic *** understanding of Machine-learning(ML)techniques in AI have evolved over the last decade and its application in AI–based tools for endoscopic detection and diagnosis is being actively investigated at several *** is an aspect of AI that is based on neural networks,and is widely used for image classification,object detection,and semantic segmentation which are key functional aspects of AI-related computer aided diagnostic *** this review,current status and limitations of ML,specifically for adenoma detection and endosonographic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,will be summarized from existing *** will help to better understand its role as viewed through the prism of real world application in the field of GI endoscopy.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Artificial Machine Colonoscopy Polyp Endosonography Pancreas

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