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Calibration of local magnitude scale for Hindukush continental subduction zone

Earthquake Science 2021年第2期34卷 114-122页

作者： Muhammad N.Mushtaq muhammd tahir muhammd t.iqbal muhammd A.Shah Saleem iqbal talat.iqbal Center for Earthquake Studies Islamabad 46000Pakistan

Hindukush is an active subduction zone where at least one earthquake occurs on daily *** seismic hazard studies,it is important to develop a local magnitude scale using the data of local seismic *** have computed local magnitude scale for Hindukush earthquakes using data from local network belonging to Center for Earthquake Studies(CES)for a period of three years,i.e.2015–2017.A total of 26,365 seismic records pertaining to 2,683 earthquakes with magnitude 2.0 and greater,was used with hypocentral distance less than 600 *** scale developed by using this data comes to be M_(L)=logA+0.929logr+*** magnitude determined through formulated relation was compared with that of standard relation for Southern California and relation developed by the same authors for local network for Northern *** was observed that Hindukush region has high attenuation as compared to that of Southern California and Northern Punjab which implies that Hindukush is tectonically more disturbed as compared to the said regions,hence,seismically more active as *** have calculated station correction factors for our *** correction factors do not show any pattern which probably owes to the geological and tectonic complexity of this *** deviation and variance of magnitude residuals for CES network determined using Hutton and Boore scale and scale developed in this study were compared,it showed that a variance reduction of 44.1%was *** of magnitude residuals for different distance ranges was almost zero which showed that our magnitude scale was stable for all distances up to 600 *** developed magnitude scale will help in homogenization of earthquake *** has been observed that b-value of CES catalog decreases when magnitude is calculated by using newly developed magnitude scale.

关键词： local magnitude scale attenuation station correction factor hazard studies for Hindu Kush region

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Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Leflunomide： Application to in vitro Drug Metal Interactions

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第9期29卷 1933-1938页

作者： Sultana, Najma Muhammad, Saeed Arayne Khan, Moona Mehboob Nawaz, muhammd United Biotechnologies Karachi 75290 Pakistan Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi Pakistan Department of Chemistry College of Science UAE University A1-Ain P.O. Box 17551 UAE

Leflunomide is a leading drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. the principle aim of this study was to develop and validate an RP-HPLC method for the determination of leflunomide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using diclofenac sodium as an internal standard. For this purpose, chromatography was accomplished on a Purospher Start, C18 （5 μm, 12.5 cm×0.46 cm） column at ambient temperature. Methanol ： water （80 ： 20, V/V） solvent system was selected as mobile phase, the pH of which was adjusted to 3.4 by ortho-phosphoric acid and de- livered at a flow rate of 1.2 mLomin-1. Seperation of leflunomide and diclofenac sodium was carried out on a Purospher Start, C18 equipped with a UV-visible detector at 248 nm. the suitability of the method for the quantita- tive determination of the drugs is proven by validation in accordance with the requirements laid down by the Inter- national Conference on Harmonization （ICH） guidelines. the method was accurate （99.55%--100.03%）, specific, linear （R2〉0.999） and precise （intra-day precision 0.023%--0.93% and inter-day precision 0.26%--0.944%） in the range of 0.5--20 μg·mL^-1. the minimum limit of detection and quantification in pharmaceutical formulation were 0.05 and 0.15 μ***^-1, respectively. thus the proposed method is simple, accurate, reproducible and suitable for the routine analysis of leflunomide in pharmaceutical formulations and was applied to study in vitro drug-metal interactions.

关键词： leflunomide liquid chromatography analytical method in vitro interaction metal

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四川大豆荚腐病菌分离鉴定及F. graminearum致病相关基因挖掘

四川大豆荚腐病菌分离鉴定及F. graminearum致病相关基因挖掘

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作者： muhammd Naeem 四川农业大学

学位级别：硕士

大豆是世界重要的粮油经济作物,富含多种营养和植物蛋白。然而,大豆生产过程中常遭遇各种生物与非生物因素的影响,导致产量降低、品质下降,难以满足中国对大豆籽粒及大豆加工品的需求。间套作是世界公认的集约可持续农业栽培方式,具有... 详细信息

大豆是世界重要的粮油经济作物,富含多种营养和植物蛋白。然而,大豆生产过程中常遭遇各种生物与非生物因素的影响,导致产量降低、品质下降,难以满足中国对大豆籽粒及大豆加工品的需求。间套作是世界公认的集约可持续农业栽培方式,具有充分利用光热资源、提高耕地利用率等作用。最近,西南地区创新研制的玉米-大豆带状复合种植技术因其增产效果显著,能够改善土壤理化性质和微生物群落,改善农田生态环境等优势,在我国西北、黄淮海等区域广泛推广应用。然而,在西南地区,寡日照、低温、多雨等典型气候特征,导致多种大豆病害发生普遍,特别是大豆收获前期和收获期的连续低温降雨容易加重大豆荚腐病的发生,严重威胁套作大豆产量和品质提升。镰孢菌Fusarium可引起大豆苗枯、根茎腐、种荚腐等多种病害,是大豆生产中的重要病原物。课题组前期研究了大豆种腐病镰孢菌种群多样性,鉴于种荚是种子的保护屏障,进一步分析大豆荚腐病病原菌种群及其致病性,对于深入探究大豆荚腐和种腐的病原菌相互关系及发病机制具有重要意义。此外,禾谷镰孢菌***是带状套作栽培下玉米和大豆两种作物的重要致病菌,与大豆互作中禾谷镰孢菌***的侵染致病机制尚不清楚。本论文以带状套作下大豆荚腐病相关镰孢菌及重要致病禾谷镰孢菌为研究对象,研究结果如下:(1)研究了带状套作大豆荚腐病相关镰孢菌的种群多样性及致病性。通过对四川主要带状套作大豆种植区大豆荚腐病病样的采集,镰孢菌的组织分离与纯化,基于培养性状、形态特征并结合EF1-α和RPB2基因序列的分子分析,结果表明,分离获得的83株镰孢菌菌株被鉴定为藤仓镰孢菌***、禾谷镰孢菌***、层生镰孢菌***和两个木贼镰孢菌复合种***-equiseti species complex(FIESC)。接种套作大豆品种南豆12种子进行致病性测定,结果表明,5种分离获得的荚腐病相关镰孢菌均可以引起南豆12种子发病,其中以藤仓镰孢菌***接种后病情指数最高,种子发芽率、根长和种子鲜重显著降低,木贼镰孢菌***的致病力次之,禾谷镰孢菌、层生镰孢菌及***的致病力较弱。此外,研究还发现,荚腐病致病镰孢菌的种群多样性与大豆品种和种植区域存在一定的关系。本研究结果对于大豆荚腐病抗病育种及病害防治具有重要的参考价值。(2)禾谷镰孢菌***是带状套作栽培下玉米茎腐病和穗腐病以及大豆根腐病、种荚腐病的共有致病菌,关于该菌与玉米的互作机制前人已开展研究,但禾谷镰孢菌***与大豆的互作机制尚待解析。本论文采用大豆致病禾谷镰孢菌刺伤接种大豆黄花苗下胚轴后12、24和48 h后,基于RNA-seq测序技术,研究了在大豆侵染致病过程中禾谷镰孢菌***的关键致病基因及其信号调控通路。结果表明,通过GO和KEGG注释分析,与***参照基因相比,接种后不同时间共筛选获得2313个差异表达基因,其中128个差异基因在三个接种时间点均存在差异,但接种后24 h筛选获得差异表达基因最多。分析上调和下调差异表达基因发现,在禾谷镰孢菌侵染南豆12过程中,下调差异基因(1156/2313)显著高于上调差异表达基因(589/2313)。研究发现,这些差异表达基因主要富集在过氧化物酶体peroxisome,核糖体ribosome和碳代谢等信号通路,表明这些信号通路在禾谷镰孢菌侵染致病、生殖和碳素利用方面起了重要作用。研究为深入探究禾谷镰孢菌***与不同寄主互作机制提供了一定的理论基础。综上所述,本论文明确了引起四川套作大豆荚腐病的5个镰孢菌种,不同大豆品种及栽培区荚腐病致病镰孢菌种群存在差异,以藤仓镰孢***为优势强致病力种,严重影响大豆产量和品质。另外,作为带状套作两种作物的共有致病菌,论文研究筛选到了参与禾谷镰孢菌***在侵染大豆过程中的关键基因及其信号通路,为禾谷镰孢菌与不同寄主互作机制的深入研究奠定了一定理论基础。总之,论文研究结果为玉米大豆带状套作下大豆镰孢菌相关病害的抗性育种和防治研究提供了一定的参考。

关键词：大豆荚腐病玉米-大豆带状套作镰孢菌禾谷镰孢菌致病性致病基因

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Current Status of Reproductive Management in Buffalo in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

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Open Journal of Forestry 2013年第4期3卷 1-3页

作者： Muhammad Yusuf Sudirman Baco muhammd Nasir Karim Department of Animal Production Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar Indonesia

the aim of this study was to know the application of reproductive management of buffalos in West Sulawesi Province. this study was conducted during a period from July to August 2012 in three different sub-districts;Mehalaan, Messawa, and Nosu. Purposive sampling was used to choose the location where the study was taking place with consideration that those sub-districts have different population of buffalos ranging from highest to smallest. Data collection both primary and secondary data was done through observation and interview to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. the results of this study showed that mating system of buffalos in this area were two different methods;natural mating without any help and natural mating with the help of the farmers, while artificial insemination (AI) method for mating the buffalos did not apply yet. A total of 85% farmers/respondent did mating system for the buffalos with the help of the farmers, while the remaining 15% of the farmers did mating system without any help. this study also showed that most of the farmers had good knowledge about estrus (98.3%) and the remaining 1.7% farmers had poor knowledge about estrus. Most of them were capable to identify buffalos in estrus by observing their behavior.

关键词： Buffalo Reproductive Management Mating System

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Current Status of Reproductive Management in Bali Cows in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

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Open Journal of Forestry 2013年第4期3卷 4-6页

作者： Sudirman Baco Muhammad Yusuf Basit Wello muhammd Hatta Department of Animal Production Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University Makassar Indonesia

the objective of this study was to elucidate the current status of reproductive management of Bali beef cows in south Sulawesi Province,Indonesia. this study was conducted in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used to choose the location where the study was taking place with consideration that this region has potential place for Bali cows. Data collection both primary and secondary data was done through observation and interview to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. the results of this study showed that reproductive management applied to Bali cows in this region was very low. However, knowledge of the farmers regarding reproductive management such as estrus and its signs were much better, although the time of insemination to the estrous cows sometimes was too late. Mating system of Bali cows in this area were two different methods;natural mating and artificial insemination (AI). to adopt AI technology, the farmers should follow the standard operation of this technology. this study also showed that most of the farmers had good knowledge about estrus synchronization;however, they are still having difficulty to obtain or to access this technology, especially the price of the hormones used for estrus synchronization.

关键词： Bali Cows Reproductive Management Estrus Mating System

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纤维素均相接枝甲基丙烯酸丁酯制备吸油树脂的研究

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石油化工 2011年第11期40卷 1236-1241页

作者：开比努尔.艾尔肯哈丽丹.买买提吐尔洪.买买提新疆大学化学化工学院新疆乌鲁木齐830046

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)为溶剂溶解纤维素(棉浆粕),在纤维素/[Bmim]Cl均相溶液中,以(NH4)2S2O8为引发剂、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用自由基聚合法制备了纤维素/BMA接枝共... 详细信息

以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)为溶剂溶解纤维素(棉浆粕),在纤维素/[Bmim]Cl均相溶液中,以(NH4)2S2O8为引发剂、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用自由基聚合法制备了纤维素/BMA接枝共聚物;采用FtIR,SEM,XRD,tG等手段对产物的结构和性能进行了表征;考察了聚合温度、时间以及(NH4)2S2O8、BMA、MBA的用量对接枝效果的影响。表征结果显示,纤维素/BMA接枝共聚物形态呈非晶态的粒状,结晶度明显降低、热稳定性相对提高。实验结果表明,纤维素/BMA接枝共聚物的最佳合成条件为:m(纤维素)∶m((NH4)2 S2 O8)∶m(BMA)∶m(MBA)=1.0∶0.1∶4.0∶0.1,65℃,2 h。在此条件下,接枝率可达94.5%,制备的纤维素/BMA接枝共聚物对水中二氯甲烷的吸收率达到了24.6 g/g。

关键词： 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体棉浆粕纤维素甲基丙烯酸丁酯均相接枝聚合接枝共聚物

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