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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Poultry Farmers on Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Kitwe, Zambia: Implications on Antimicrobial Stewardship

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 60-81页

作者： Samuel Chilawa Steward Mudenda Victor Daka Misheck Chileshe Scott Matafwali Billy Chabalenge Prudence Mpundu Webrod Mufwambi shafiq Mohamed Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Mary Begg Health Services Ndola Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Health Sciences Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Lusaka Zambia Remedium Pharmaceuticals Limited Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: The inappropriate antimicrobial usage (AMU) in chicken production has led to an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Zambia, there is little information documented regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practices of poultry farmers on AMU and AMR. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding AMU and AMR among poultry farmers in Kitwe, Zambia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 106 poultry farmers from November to December 2021 using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Overall, of the 106 participants, 90.6% knew what antimicrobials were, but only 29.2% were aware of AMR. The study showed that 46.2% of the participants had low knowledge, 71.7% had negative attitudes, and 61.3% had poor practices regarding AMR. The prevalence of antibiotic use in poultry production was 83%. The most used antimicrobials were tetracycline (84%) and gentamicin (35.2%). The commonly reported reason for the use of antimicrobials was for the treatment (93.2%) and prevention (89.8%) of diseases. Further, 76.9% of the administered antimicrobials were usually done without veterinarian consultation or prescription. Conclusion: The study shows that there was high AMU in poultry farms in Kitwe. However, there was low knowledge, negative attitude, and poor practices towards AMU and AMR. Therefore, there is a need for educational and sensitisation programmes regarding AMU and AMR among poultry farmers in Kitwe, Zambia. Alongside this, antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance systems should be strengthened in the livestock production sector. This will ensure food safety and public health.

关键词： Antibiotics Antimicrobials Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship Attitudes Knowledge Livestock Poultry Farmers Practices

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Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第8期14卷 271-328页

作者： Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Victor Daka Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Kyembe Ignitius Salachi shafiq Mohamed Webrod Mufwambi Maisa Kasanga Scott Kaba Matafwali Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services St James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that has escalated due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the environment. Developing and implementing strategies to reduce and combat AMR is critical. Purpose: This study aimed to highlight some global strategies that can be implemented to address AMR using a One Health approach. Methods: This study employed a narrative review design that included studies published from January 2002 to July 2023. The study searched for literature on AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in PubMed and Google Scholar using the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: This study reveals that AMR remains a significant global public health problem. Its severity has been markedly exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the broader ecological environment. Several strategies have been developed to address AMR, including the Global Action Plan (GAP), National Action Plans (NAPs), AMS programs, and implementation of the AWaRe classification of antimicrobials. These strategies also involve strengthening surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance, encouraging the development of new antimicrobials, and enhancing regulations around antimicrobial prescribing, dispensing, and usage. Additional measures include promoting global partnerships, combating substandard and falsified antimicrobials, advocating for vaccinations, sanitation, hygiene and biosecurity, as well as exploring alternatives to antimicrobials. However, the implementation of these strategies faces various challenges. These challenges include low awareness and knowledge of AMR, a shortage of human resources and capacity building for AMR and AMS, in adequate funding for AMR and AMS initiatives, limited laboratory capacities for surveillance, behavioural change issues, and ineffective leadership and multidisciplinary teams. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study established that AMR is prevale

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship AWaRe Classification One Health Approach One Health Perspective Strategies Surveillance

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Towards Sustainable Living:From COP21 to COP26 and Beyond

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Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research 2022年第1期5卷 26-27页

作者： Nasir shafiq Department of Civil Engineering University Technology PETRONASMalaysia

The publication of the Brundtland report in 1987 set the new agenda for world business when it presented the universally recognized definition of sustainable development that fulfills the present demands without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs[1].Since then,sustainability has been much debated at all forums,and various studies show that we are overstressing our mother planet by stretching the limits of our *** the lifestyle does not change,the planet’s life will be at the most significant disaster *** publication of the Brundtland report brought the word sustainability into the political arena at the world level that,is considered a core pillar in economic *** year United Nations host a Climate Change Conference or simply *** every COP,the world leaders present the recent progress and the future pledges to meet the UN agenda on sustainability.

关键词： planet stretching disaster

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坚果包装

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设计 2015年第12期28卷 29-29页

作者： Yvette muhammad.shafiq Mokhtar Baharudin

印尼设计师设计的这款坚果包装能够从包装上绘制的胡子款式来区分内部包装的坚果品种，不同的颜色则代表着内含坚果的颜色。这款截面为梯形的坚果包装还有另一个妙处，就是可以通过不同的折叠方式，改变坚果的取用方法，由“井口”状改... 详细信息

印尼设计师设计的这款坚果包装能够从包装上绘制的胡子款式来区分内部包装的坚果品种，不同的颜色则代表着内含坚果的颜色。这款截面为梯形的坚果包装还有另一个妙处，就是可以通过不同的折叠方式，改变坚果的取用方法，由“井口”状改变成“敞口碗”状，方便聚会时大家分享；另外还有一种折叠方式，类似船型，左右分别各有一个开口，可以随时随地与身边人分享零食。该包装设计还采用了环保PP材质。

关键词：包装设计坚果折叠方式取用方法设计师颜色

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Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns in Adult Patients According to the WHO AWaRe Classification: A Multi-Facility Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Healthcare Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第10期13卷 379-392页

作者： Steward Mudenda Mary Chomba Billy Chabalenge Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo Michelo Banda Victor Daka Annie Zulu Abraham Mukesela Maxwell Kasonde Peter Lukonde Enock Chikatula Lloyd Matowe Ronald Kampamba Mutati Tyson Lungwani Muungo Tobela Mudenda shafiq Mohamed Scott Matafwali Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Bell Pharmacy Kabulonga Centro Mall Lusaka Zambia Ministry of Health Headquarters Ndeke House Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia Faculty of Pharmacy School of Pharmacy Eden University Lusaka Zambia Department of Pathology Ndola Teaching Hospital Ndola Zambia Remedium Pharmaceuticals Limited Lusaka Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK

Introduction: Indiscriminate prescribing and using of antibiotics have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To reduce this problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the “Access”, “Watch”, and “Reserve” (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics that promotes antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). In Zambia, there are gaps in practice regarding prescribing of antibiotics based on the AWaRe protocol. This study assessed antibiotic prescribing patterns in adult in-patients in selected primary healthcare hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using 388 patient medical files from September 2021 to November 2021, five primary healthcare hospitals namely;Chawama, Matero, Chilenje, Kanyama, and Chipata. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Results: Of the selected medical files, 52.3% (n = 203) were for male patients. Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic use was 82.5% (n = 320) which was higher than the WHO recommendation of a less than 30% threshold. The most prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone (20.3%), a Watch group antibiotic, followed by metronidazole (17.8%) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (16.3%), both belonging to the Access group. Furthermore, of the total antibiotics prescribed, 41.9% were prescribed without adhering to the standard treatment guidelines. Conclusion: This study found a high prescription of antibiotics (82.5%) that can be linked to non-adherence to the standard treatment guidelines in primary healthcare hospitals. The most prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone which belongs to the Watch group, raising a lot of concerns. There is a need for rational prescribing of antibiotics and implementation of AMS programs in healthcare facilities in Zambia, and this may promote surveillance of irrational prescribing and help reduce AMR in the future.

关键词： Antibiotic Prescribing Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship AWaRe Classification Prescribing Patterns Primary Healthcare Surveillance Zambia

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典型山西黄土高原区土壤有机质的空间异质性及空间插值预测

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山西农业科学 2023年第7期51卷 785-792页

作者：张小美高春瑞闫晓斌杨莎乔星星王超杨武德 Fahad shafiq 冯美臣李广信山西农业大学农学院山西太谷030801 拉合尔政府学院大学植物学系巴基斯坦旁遮普省54000

农田土壤有机碳库储量是评估其固碳减排潜力的重要依据,而土壤有机碳(SOC)周转受到气候(温度和降水)、地形(坡度和高程)等环境变量的影响。为了明确环境变量因子对SOC的影响及实现SOC的空间插值预测,为理解小尺度SOC的空间异质性及精确... 详细信息

农田土壤有机碳库储量是评估其固碳减排潜力的重要依据,而土壤有机碳(SOC)周转受到气候(温度和降水)、地形(坡度和高程)等环境变量的影响。为了明确环境变量因子对SOC的影响及实现SOC的空间插值预测,为理解小尺度SOC的空间异质性及精确制图提供一定理论和实践参考,研究利用反距离加权法(IDW)、径向基函数法(RBF)、普通克里格插值(OK)、多元线性回归(MLR)、回归克里格法(RK)、回归反距离加权法(MIDW)、回归径向基函数法(MRBF)等7种插值方法,探寻地形因子和气候因子与SOC的关系,并选出能更好预测SOC空间分布的空间插值模型。结果表明,SOC含量与高程(-0.255^(**))、温度(-0.246^(**))、坡度(-0.214^(**))及降水量(-0.085^(*))均呈显著负相关关系,其中高程与SOC的关系最为密切。对比不同插值模型的预测表现可知,MLR的均方根误差为0.083,小于OK、RBF、IDW、RK、MRBF、MIDW的均方根误差;MRBF的平均绝对误差为2.506,小于OK、RBF、IDW、MLR、RK、MIDW的平均绝对误差;MRBF的皮尔逊相关系数为0.674,大于OK、RBF、IDW、MLR、RK、MIDW的皮尔逊相关系数,因此,基于MRBF方法的SOC预测效果最好。

关键词：土壤有机碳影响因素空间分析插值方法地形数字土壤制图

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Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Africa, Associated Factors and Coping Mechanisms: A Systematic Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 518-532页

作者： Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Scott Matafwali Victor Daka Misheck Chileshe Webrod Mufwambi Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Josephine Chali Mukuka Chomba Michelo Banda Racheal Mwaweza Ronald Kampamba Mutati Tyson Lungwani Muungo John Balidawa Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo James Mwanza Maisa Kasanga shafiq Mohamed Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia MaryBegg Health Services Ndola Zambia Faculty of Paediatrics and Child Health Lusaka College of Nursing Lusaka Zambia Unicaf University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Remedium Pharmaceuticals limited Salama Park Lusaka Zambia

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem that has caused harm to the mental health of healthcare workers. In Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has led healthcare workers to experience mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia and burnout. This study aimed to review published studies on the effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers, associated factors and coping strategies that have been employed in Africa. Methods: This was a systematic review that was conducted through searching databases including;PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. The study included published literature from January 2020 to May 2022 that met the inclusion criteria. The selection of articles was conducted following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 39 articles were retrieved, of which only 18 met the inclusion criteria and were used in this study. Our review revealed that healthcare workers experienced mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress and burnout that were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Coping strategies such as religious practices, support from family members and colleagues and avoiding listening to social media about COVID-19 were used to minimize mental health problems. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused increased mental health disorders among healthcare workers in Africa. Identification of factors associated with mental health problems is cardinal in developing coping mechanisms against the psychological impact of COVID-19. Therefore, there is a need for governments to develop and implement strategies for protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Africa Coping Mechanisms COVID-19 Factors Healthcare Workers Mental Health Pandemic Psychological Impact

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Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG) is a Reliable Biomarker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第11期8卷 124-136页

作者： Sania Hossain Suraya Sultana Khan Md. Shahariar Zaman Sabrina shafiq A. K. M. Shahidur Rahman Shah Md. Zakir Hossain Saiful Islam Mahammod Selim Uddin Md. Omar Faroque Sheuly Ferdoushi Debatosh Paul Md. Quddusur Rahman Department of Cytopathology National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) Dhaka Bangladesh Laboratory Services Division Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Laboratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Nephrology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Medicine Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) Mymensingh Bangladesh

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of NAFLD in later life. This cross sectional study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a possible biomarker of NAFLD. The study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 124 subjects were taken as study population following selection criteria. Among them 62 were diagnosed patients of NAFLD and 62 were healthy subjects as control group. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and serum triglyceride was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method, while TyG index was calculated accordingly. The mean age was 39.5 ± 11.27 years in NAFLD patients and 37.10 ± 12.28 years in control subjects with male female ratio 1:1.7 and 1:1.8 respectively. Major portion of NAFLD patients (62.9%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The mean fasting plasma glucose level was 5.73 ± 1.47 mmol/L in NAFLD patients and 5.27 ± 0.69 mmol/L in control group (p < 0.027). The mean serum triglyceride level was 237.19 ± 96.47 mg/dl in NAFLD patients and 117.32 ± 53.07 mg/dl in control group (p < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) was 9.36 ± 0.47 in NAFLD group and 8.53 ± 0.42 in control group. TyG index was significantly higher in NAFLD patients in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, cut off value of TyG index was 8.85 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 79%. As a fast and effective method, TyG index can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict NAFLD.

关键词： Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Plasma Glucose Serum Triglyceride Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG)

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Correction to:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‑Recruiting Nanofiber Bandages Promote Multifunctional Skin Regeneration via Improved Angiogenesis and Immunomodulation

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第2期5卷 694-694页

作者： Yi Chen Zhengchao Yuan Weiyan Sun muhammad.shafiq Jun Zhu Jiafei Chen Hai Tang Ling Hu Weikang Lin Yanxi Zeng Long Wang Lei Zhang Yunlang She Hui Zheng Guofang Zhao Dong Xie Xiumei Mo Chang Chen Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation Shanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‑Biomaterials and Regenerative MedicineCollege of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Center for Life Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGraduate SchoolKyushu UniversityFukuoka 819‑0395Japan Department of Cardiology Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central Punjab(UCP)Lahore 54000Pakistan Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hwa Mei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000China Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000China

Correction to:Advanced Fiber Materials https://***/10.1007/s42765-022-00226-8 In this article the author name muhammad.shafiq was incorrectly written as shafiq *** original article has been corrected.

关键词： Skin Regeneration Vascular

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