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Fission studies of gold induced by (1665 MeV) π^- using a CR-39 detector

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第2期36卷 132-135页

作者： muhammad Ikram Shahzad zafar Yasin Gul Sher Physics Division PINSTECHP.O.NiloreIslamabadPakistan

The fission cross section and fission probability of 197Au, induced by （1665 MeV） π-, have been studied using CR-39 track detectors. A 4π-geometry was used to count track statistics. A beam of negative pions of 1665 MeV was produced at AGS of Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, and allowed to fall normally on the stack. Two detectors from the stack were scanned for fission fragment tracks after etching in 6N NaOH at 70 ℃. The statistics of fission fragment tracks in both detectors were obtained. It was found that there was a marked asymmetry of registered tracks with respect to the forward and backward hemispheres. This asymmetry could be partly accounted for on the basis of momentum transfer to the struck nucleus. On the basis of counting statistics fission cross section was measured, and fission probability was determined by dividing the fission cross section with the reaction cross section. The fission cross-section and fission probability were compared with the computed values using the caseade-exciton model code CEM95.

关键词： CR-39 fission cross section CEM95

CNN Based Features Extraction and Selection Using EPO Optimizer for Cotton Leaf Diseases Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 2779-2793页

作者： Mehwish zafar JaveriaAmin muhammad Sharif muhammad Almas Anjum Seifedine Kadry Jungeun Kim Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah Cantt47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science University ofWahWah Cantt47040Pakistan National University of Technology(NUTECH) Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Applied Data Science Noroff University CollegeKristiansandNorway Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon Department of Software Kongju National UniversityCheonan31080Korea

Worldwide cotton is the most profitable cash *** year the production of this crop suffers because of several *** an early stage,computerized methods are used for disease detection that may reduce the loss in the production of *** several methods are proposed for the detection of cotton diseases,however,still there are limitations because of low-quality images,size,shape,variations in orientation,and complex *** to these factors,there is a need for novel methods for features extraction/selection for the accurate cotton disease *** in this research,an optimized features fusion-based model is proposed,in which two pre-trained architectures called EfficientNet-b0 and Inception-v3 are utilized to extract features,each model extracts the feature vector of length N×*** that,the extracted features are serially concatenated having a feature vector lengthN×*** prominent features are selected usingEmperor PenguinOptimizer(EPO)*** method is evaluated on two publically available datasets,such as Kaggle cotton disease dataset-I,and Kaggle *** EPO method returns the feature vector of length 1×755,and 1×824 using dataset-I,and dataset-II,*** classification is performed using 5,7,and 10 folds *** Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA)classifier provides an accuracy of 98.9%on 5 fold,98.96%on 7 fold,and 99.07%on 10 fold using Kaggle cotton disease dataset-I while the Ensemble Subspace K Nearest Neighbor(KNN)provides 99.16%on 5 fold,98.99%on 7 fold,and 99.27%on 10 fold using Kaggle cotton-leaf-infection dataset-II.

关键词： Deep learning cotton disease detection features selection classification efficientnet-b0 inception-v3 quadratic discriminant analysis subspace KNN

Theoretical calculations of structural, electronic, and elastic properties of CdSe_(1-x)Te_x:A first principles study

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第7期25卷 324-330页

作者： M Shakil muhammad zafar Shabbir Ahmed muhammad Raza-ur-rehman Hashmi M A Choudhary T Iqbal Department of Physics Hafiz Hayat Campus University of Gujrat Simulation Laboratory Department of Physics the Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The plane wave pseudo-potential method was used to investigate the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of Cd Se_（1-x）Te_x in the zinc blende phase. It is observed that the electronic properties are improved considerably by using LDA ＋ U as compared to the LDA approach. The calculated lattice constants and bulk moduli are also comparable to the experimental results. The cohesive energies for pure Cd Se and Cd Te binary and their mixed alloys are calculated. The second-order elastic constants are also calculated by the Lagrangian theory of elasticity. The elastic properties show that the studied material has a ductile nature.

关键词： first principles calculations density functional theory II–VI semiconductors structural electronic and elastic properties

First-principles calculation of the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite RbXF3(X = Mn,V,Co,Fe)

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第11期25卷 486-491页

作者： muhammad Raza ur rehman Hashmi muhammad zafar M Shakil Atif Sattar Shabbir Ahmed S A Ahmad Simulation Laboratory Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan Department of Physics Hafiz Hayat Campus University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

First-principles calculations by means of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method using the generalized gradient approximation with correlation effect correction（GGA＋U） within the framework of spin polarized density functional theory（DFT＋U） are used to study the structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of cubic perovskite compounds RbXF3（X = Mn,V,Co,and Fe）.It is found that the calculated structural parameters,i.e.,lattice constant,bulk modulus,and its pressure derivative are in good agreement with the previous *** results reveal that the strong spin polarization of the 3d states of the X atoms is the origin of ferromagnetism in *** energies and the magnetic moments of RbXF3 have also been *** calculated electronic properties show the half-metallic nature of RbCoF3 and RbFeF3,making these materials suitable for spintronic applications.

关键词： cubic metallic perovskite modulus correction linearized ferromagnetic augmented instance spheres

Mass Transfer of MHD Nanofluid in Presence of Chemical Reaction on A Permeable Rotating Disk with Convective Boundaries, Using Buongiorno’s Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第7期116卷 31-49页

作者： muhammad Shoaib Arif Yasir Nawaz Mairaj Bibi zafar Ali Department of Mathematics Air UniversityPAF Complex E-9Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Comsats UniversityPark Road Chak Shahzad CampusIslamabad44000Pakistan

This communiquéis opted to study the flow of nanofluid because of heated disk rotation subjected to the convective boundaries with chemical reaction of first *** Buongiorno’s model for nanofluids is used due to its wide range of applications and the rotating disk under investigation is *** magneto Reynolds parameter and boundary layer assumptions are carried out to formulate the *** system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow problem is converted into the set of ordinary differential equations by using particular relations known as Von Karman *** complicated set of coupled ordinary differential equations with complicated boundary conditions is set to solve by an analytical technique Homotopy Analysis Method(HAM).Whereby the results obtained by the aforementioned method are provided analytically and analyzed *** validation of the work is confirmed by providing comparison of previous works in tabular *** of chemical reaction parameter on mass transfer rate is also highlighted tabularly for its *** and Sherwood numbers calculated and compared to the like literature and found in good agreement.

关键词： Chemical reaction rotating disk nanoparticles velocity slip magnetic effect.

ChainApparel: A Trustworthy Blockchain and IoT-Based Traceability Framework for Apparel Industry 4.0

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1837-1854页

作者： muhammad Shakeel Faridi Saqib Ali Guojun Wang Salman Afsar Awan muhammad zafar Iqbal Department of Computer Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan School of Computer Science Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan

Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and *** stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product ***,these systems work in silos,and there is no intra-system communication,leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel ***,apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors;thus,they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final ***,the apparel manufacturing industry faces challenges with counterfeit products,making it difficult for consumers to determine the authenticity of the ***,in this paper,a trustworthy apparel product traceability framework called ChainApparel is developed using the Internet of Things(IoT)and blockchain to address these challenges of authenticity and traceability of apparel ***,multiple smart contracts are designed and developed for registration,process execution,audit,fault,and product traceability to authorize,validate,and trace every business transaction among the apparel ***,the real-time performance analysis of ChainApparel is carried out regarding transaction throughput and latency by deploying the compute nodes at different geographical locations using Hyperledger *** results conclude that ChainApparel accomplished significant performance under diverse workloads while ensuring complete traceability along the complex supply chain of the apparel ***,the ChainApparel framework helps make the apparel product more trustworthy and transparent in the market while safeguarding trust among the industry stakeholders.

关键词： Blockchain smart contracts hyperledger fabric Internet of Things traceability apparel industry 4.0

Energy Theft Detection in Smart Grids with Genetic Algorithm-Based Feature Selection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5431-5446页

作者： muhammad Umair zafar Saeed Faisal Saeed Hiba Ishtiaq muhammad Zubair Hala Abdel Hameed Faculty of Information Technology University of Central PunjabLahore54590Pakistan DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirmingham B47XGUK Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Fayoum University63514Egypt Khaybar Applied College Taibah UniversitySaudi Arabia

As big data,its technologies,and application continue to advance,the Smart Grid(SG)has become one of the most successful pervasive and fixed computing platforms that efficiently uses a data-driven approach and employs efficient information and communication technology(ICT)and cloud *** a result of the complicated architecture of cloud computing,the distinctive working of advanced metering infrastructures(AMI),and the use of sensitive data,it has become challenging tomake the SG *** of the SG are categorized into two main categories,Technical Losses(TLs)and Non-Technical Losses(NTLs).Hardware failure,communication issues,ohmic losses,and energy burnout during transmission and propagation of energy are ***’s are human-induced errors for malicious purposes such as attacking sensitive data and electricity theft,along with tampering with AMI for bill reduction by fraudulent *** research proposes a data-driven methodology based on principles of computational intelligence as well as big data analysis to identify fraudulent customers based on their load *** our proposed methodology,a hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine(GA-SVM)model has been used to extract the relevant subset of feature data from a large and unsupervised public smart grid project dataset in London,UK,for theft detection.A subset of 26 out of 71 features is obtained with a classification accuracy of 96.6%,compared to studies conducted on small and limited datasets.

关键词： Big data data analysis feature engineering genetic algorithm machine learning

Cascade-exciton model analysis of mass dependence of pion-induced fission

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第7期38卷 92-96页

作者： muhammad Ikram Shahzad zafar Yasin Warda Iram Shahida Jabeen Physics Division PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan Physics Department Islamia University Bahawalpur Pakistan Physics Department AJ&K University Muzaffarbad Pakistan

The cascade-exciton model has been used to observe the dependence of pion induced fission cross sections on the mass of the target. The analysis has been performed at energies 80 MeV, 100 MeV and 150 MeV for both the positive and negative pions. It has been shown that a single value of the ratio af/an can satisfactorily reproduce the experimental findings when compared with the available experimental data in the literature. The general trend of the fission cross sections with mass （fissility parameter） is seen to be low and slowly changing for the lighter nuclei, and it will steeply rise for the heavy nuclei.

关键词： cascade-exciton model pion-induced fission cross sections

Wild melon: a novel non-edible feedstock for bioenergy

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 405-411页

作者： Maria Ameen muhammad zafar Mushtaq Ahmad Anjuman Shaheen Ghulam Yaseen Biofuel Laboratory Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Environmental Science Female CampusInternational Islamic University Islamabad

In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.

关键词： Cucumis melo var. agrestis Wild melon seed oil (WMSO) Transesterification Bioenergy Characterization Fuel properties