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Improved-Equalized Cluster Head Election Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 845-858页

作者： muhammad Shahzeb Ali Ali Alqahtani Ansar Munir Shah Adel Rajab Mahmood Ul Hassan Asadullah Shaikh Khairan Rajab Basit shahzad Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan5932Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Engineering National University of Modern LanguagesIslamabad44000Pakistan

Throughout the use of the small battery-operated sensor nodes encou-rage us to develop an energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).The development of an energy-efficient routing protocol is a mainly adopted technique to enhance the lifetime of *** routing protocols are available,but the issue is still *** is one of the most important techniques in the existing routing *** the clustering-based model,the important thing is the selection of the cluster *** this paper,we have proposed a scheme that uses the bubble sort algorithm for cluster head selection by considering the remaining energy and the distance of the nodes in each ***,the bubble sort algorithm chose the two nodes with the maximum remaining energy in the cluster and chose a cluster head with a small *** proposed scheme performs hierarchal routing and direct routing with some energy *** simulation will be performed in MATLAB to justify its performance and results and compared with the ECHERP model to justify its ***,the simulations will be performed in two scenarios,gate-way-based and without gateway to achieve more energy-efficient results.

关键词： Bubble sort algorithm gateway energy thresholds wireless sensor networks

Vanillin cross-linked hydrogel membranes interfacial reinforced by carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced antibacterial activity and mechanical properties

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第4期34卷 164-171页

作者： Umer shahzad Malik Qixiang Duan muhammad Bilal K.Niazi Zaib Jahan Usman Liaqat Farooq Sher Yanchang Gan Honghao Hou School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Engineering School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUnited Kingdom

Biopolymer based hydrogels are highly adaptable, compatible and have shown great potential in biological tissues in biomedical applications. However, the development of bio-based hydrogels with high strength and effective antibacterial activity remains challenging. Herein, a series of vanillin-cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel interfacially reinforced by g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheet carrying starch-caped Ag NPs were prepared for wound healing applications. The study aimed to enhance the strength, sustainability and control release ability of the fabricated membranes. Starch-caped silver nanoparticles were incorporated to enhance the anti-bacterial activities The fabricated membranes were assessed using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, mechanical testing, Gel fraction and porosity alongside traditional biomedical tests i.e., swelling percentage, moisture retention ability, water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability, anti-bacterial activity and drug-release of the fabricated membranes. The mechanical strength reached as high as 25.9 ± 0.24 MPa for the best optimized sample. The moisture retention lied between 87%–89%, gel fraction 80%–85%, and water vapor transmission up to 104 ± 1.9g m^(-2)h^(-1)showing great properties of the fabricated membrane. Swelling percentage surged to 225% for blood while porosity fluctuated between 44% ± 2.1% and 52.5% ± 2.3%. Oxygen permeability reached up to 8.02 mg/L showing the breathable nature of fabricated membranes. The nanocomposite membrane shown excellent antibacterial activity for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with a maximum zone of inhibition 30 ± 0.25 mm and 36.23 ± 0.23 mm respectively. Furthermore, nanoparticles maintained sustainable release following non-fickian diffusion. The fabricated membrane demonstrated the application of inorganic filler to enhance the strength of biopolymer hydrogel with superior *** results envisage the potential of synthesized m

关键词： Green synthesis Sustainable membranes Starch capped silver nanoparticles g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets Wound dressing Antibacterial

Formation Mechanism and Template-free Synthesis of Hierarchical m-ZrO_2 Nanorods by Hydrothermal Method

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2015年第6期30卷 1163-1166页

作者： shahzad Ahmad khan 傅正义 muhammad ASIF WANG Weimin WANG Hao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

Here, a new idea was proposed for template-free synthesis of hierarchical m-ZrO2 nanorods and ＂their＂ possible formation mechanism based on a series of chemical reactions by simple hydrothermal method. The traditional preparation methods of hierarchical ZrO2 nanorods involved inexpensive equipment, complicated process, and high production cost. The as-synthesized products composed of many nanorods with 180-200 nm in diameter and 5-7 μm in length. The fi nal product after annealing involved hierarchical monoclinic ZrO2（m-ZrO2） nanorods, namely, the big nanorod was made up of many small nanorods with 40-50 nm in diameter and 500-600 nm in length. The experimental results were useful in understanding the chemical properties of ZrB2 and ZrO2 and the design of the derivatives for m-ZrO2 nanomaterials.

关键词： growth models surface processes inorganic compounds ZrO2

Fluoridation and Sintering of Hydroxyapatite Material and Their Mechanical Properties

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2014年第1期29卷 190-196页

作者： muhammad Asif 付正义 WANG Weimin WANG Hao TAN Tiening shahzad Ahmad khan State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology

In the current work hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6 ·OH2(HA) was sintered with the addition of 3 wt% aluminum isopropoxide(C9H21AlO3) powder and 3 wt % Teflon powder(-C2 F2-). Sample was prepared by following sol-gel technique. Obtained pellets of samples were sintered. For investigation of effects of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties the samples were sintered at various temperatures. For studying the phase composition, microstructures and elemental analysis the sintered samples were characterized by X-rays diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays diffraction(EDAX) respectively. After sintering the samples mechanical properties, i e, grains size, apparent density, Vickers hardness, bending strength and compressive strength were found to be 2.14-18.76 μm, 1.523 6-0.752 g/cm3, 3.60-0.600 GPa and bending strength 33.265 8-14.900 MPa, 75-33 MPa, respectively. As a result of sintering fluoridated composite material was obtained.

关键词： fluoridated hydroxyapatite pressureless sintering mechanical properties hydroxyapatite materials

Optimal Location and Sizing of Conglomerate DG-FACTS using an Artificial Neural Network and Heuristic Probability Distribution Methodology for Modern Power System Operations

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 124-148页

作者： Anwar shahzad Siddiqui Prashant Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyJamia Millia IslamiaJamia NagarOkhlaNew Delhi 110025India

In existing power system networks,the positioning and sizing of multi-DG is critical at the optimum locations for effective energy *** optimal power flow is assessed using the NR method(without DG)in which performance parameters such as real power loss,accuracy,selectivity and MSE are obtained,but in an undesirable *** meet load demand;multi-DGs are placed and their optimal locations are assessed by the proposed heuristic probability distribution methodology and an ANN because existing techniques provides poor performance parameters for selecting the location and sizing of *** optimal positions of multi-DGs are estimated in terms of performance parameters including real power loss of transmission network,accuracy,selectivity and MSE,while the performance parameters obtained with the ANN are better than the heuristic ***,the sizing of multi-DGs is evaluated in relation to active and reactive *** is found that that sizes of multi-DGs are smaller with ANN than with heuristic *** is preferable to connect the buses having lowest real power losses with the smallest *** performance analysis is tested in the standard IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems on *** improve the distortion level in real and reactive power,multi-FACTS namely TCSC,TSC and STATCOM are *** switching of TCSC and TSC is done by SPWM while STATCOM switching is controlled with *** locations of multi-FACTS devices are chosen for buses having larger distortion and the sizing of multi-FACTS devices is also optimally *** application of multi-FACTS devices helps to improve power quality and fulfill load demand with minimal size in order to make the system economical.

关键词： DG Location Sizing FACTS ANN ANFIS

Structural and dielectric properties of doped ferrite nanomaterials suitable for microwave and biomedical applications

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第3期25卷 419-424页

作者： Imran Sadiq shahzad Naseem muhammad Naeem Ashiq M.A.khan Shanawer Niaz M.U.Rana Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Physics BUITEMS 4. Department of Physics University of Sargodha

The sol-gel auto-combustion method was adopted to synthesize nanomaterials of single-phase X-type hexagonal ferrites with the composition of Sr;Gd;Ni;Fe;Cd;O;（x=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10 and y = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5）.The structural properties were carried out by XRD analysis and the lattice parameters show variation with the doping of *** average particle size measured by TEM was in the range of 8-10 nm which is beneficial in obtaining suitable signal-to-noise ratio in recording media and biomedical *** room temperature resistivity enhanced with the increase of the dopant *** increase in resistivity indicates that the synthesized materials can be considered good for the formation of the multilayer chip inductors（MLCIs） as well as for the reduction of eddy current *** dielectric constant decreased with the increase in the frequency which is the general reported trend of the hexagonal ferrites and can be explained on the basis of Koop’s theory and Maxwell-Wagner *** abnormal dielectric behavior indicates the formation of small polarons in the *** maximum value of tangent loss at low frequencies reflects the application of these materials in medium frequency devices（MF）.

关键词： Sol–gel Nanocrystalline materials Thermal properties Electrical properties Dielectric properties

Multi Sensor-Based Implicit User Identification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1673-1692页

作者： muhammad Ahmad Rana Aamir Raza Manuel Mazzara Salvatore Distefano Ali Kashif Bashir Adil khan muhammad shahzad Sarfraz muhammad Umar Aftab Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesChiniot35400Pakistan Department of Computer Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan66000Pakistan Institute of Software Development and Engineering Innopolis UniversityInnopolis420500Russia Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica—MIFT University of MessinaMessina98121Italy Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK

Smartphones have ubiquitously integrated into our home and work environments,however,users normally rely on explicit but inefficient identification processes in a controlled ***,when a device is stolen,a thief can have access to the owner’s personal information and services against the stored *** a result of this potential scenario,this work proposes an automatic legitimate user identification system based on gait biometrics extracted from user walking patterns captured by smartphone sensors.A set of preprocessing schemes are applied to calibrate noisy and invalid samples and augment the gait-induced time and frequency domain features,then further optimized using a non-linear unsupervised feature selection *** selected features create an underlying gait biometric representation able to discriminate among individuals and identify them *** classifiers are adopted to achieve accurate legitimate user *** experiments on a group of 16 individuals in an indoor environment show the effectiveness of the proposed solution:with 5 to 70 samples per window,KNN and bagging classifiers achieve 87–99%accuracy,82–98%for ELM,and 81–94%for *** proposed pipeline achieves a 100%true positive and 0%false-negative rate for almost all classifiers.

关键词： Sensors smartphone legitimate user identification

2D Carbon Fiber Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Multi-Layered Laminated Composite Panels:Structural,Mechanical,Thermal,and Morphological Profile

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第10期32卷 1077-1082页

作者： shahzad Maqsood khan Nafisa Gull muhammad Azeem Munawar Atif Islam Saba Zia muhammad Shafiq Aneela Sabir Syed muhammad Awais muhammad Arif Butt muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt Tahir Jamil Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan King Edward Medical University Lahore 54590Pakistan College of Engineering and Emerging Technologies University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

Carbon fiber reinforced high density polyethylene multi-layered laminated composite panels（HDPE/CF MLCP） with excellent in-plane properties along transverse direction have been formulated. Composite architectures with carbon fiber（CF） designed in 2D layout in conventional composites can alleviate their properties in thickness direction, but all attempts so far developed have achieved restrained success. Here,we have exposed an approach to the high strength composite challenge, without altering the 2D stack design on the basis of concept of fiber reinforced laminated composites that would provide enhanced mechanical and thermal properties along transverse direction. CF sheets allowed the buckling of adjoining plies in 2D MLCP. We fabricated 2D MLCP by stacking the alternative CF and HDPE layers under different loading conditions, which resulted in high strength composites. These plies of CF and HDPE served as unit cells for MLCP, with CF offering much-needed fracture toughness and hardness to these *** 2D HDPE/CF MLCP, we demonstrated noteworthy improvement in physical and chemical interaction between CF and HDPE, in-plane fracture strain, flexural strength（30.684 MPa）, bending modulus（7436.254 MPa）, thermal stability（40.94%）, and surface morphology, upon increasing the CF layers up to twenty, enabling these composites truly for high temperature and high strength applications.

关键词： Multi-layered composite panels Mechanical properties Thermal stability

On the Exact Solution for Axisymmetric Flow and Heat Transfer over a Nonlinear Radially Stretching Sheet

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 168-171页

作者： Azeem shahzad Ramzan Ali Masood khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan

We investigate the boundary-layer flow and heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid over a nonlinear radially porous stretching sheet within a porous *** flow is generated due to a nonlinear stretching sheet and influenced by a continuous suction/blowing of the fluid through the porous *** governing momentum and thermal boundary layer equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by appropriate similarity *** exact solution for the velocity and the temperature fields are derived in the form of an incomplete Gamma *** analytic solutions are found by the homotopy analysis *** graphical results for velocity and temperature fields are presented and ***,the numerical values of the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are calculated and discussed.

关键词： function stretching porous