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Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm for Sequential Security-constrained Optimal Power Flow Based on Expert Knowledge and Safety Layer

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 742-753页

作者： Yanbo Chen Qintao Du Honghai Liu Liangcheng Cheng muhammad shahzad Younis State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources and School of Electrical&Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Engineering Xining UniversityXining 810008Chinaand Key Laboratory of Smart Operation of New Energy Power SystemMinistry of EducationQinghai UniversityXining 810016China China Electric Power Research Institute Nanjing 210003China National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan

In recent years,reinforcement learning(RL)has emerged as a solution for model-free dynamic programming problem that cannot be effectively solved by traditional optimization *** has gradually been applied in the fields such as economic dispatch of power systems due to its strong selflearning and self-optimizing ***,existing economic scheduling methods based on RL ignore security risks that the agent may bring during exploration,which poses a risk of issuing instructions that threaten the safe operation of power ***,we propose an improved proximal policy optimization algorithm for sequential security-constrained optimal power flow(SCOPF)based on expert knowledge and safety layer to determine active power dispatch strategy,voltage optimization scheme of the units,and charging/discharging dispatch of energy storage *** expert experience is introduced to improve the ability to enforce constraints such as power balance in training process while guiding agent to effectively improve the utilization rate of renewable ***,to avoid line overload,we add a safety layer at the end of the policy network by introducing transmission constraints to avoid dangerous actions and tackle sequential SCOPF *** results on an improved IEEE 118-bus system verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Sequential security-constrained optimal power flow(SCOPF) expert experience safety layer renewable energy safe reinforcement learning

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Multi-Elemental Chemostratigraphy,Sequence Development,Depositional History,and Environmental Importance of Early Eocene Red Beds(Kuldana Formation)in NW Himalayas,Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 349-375页

作者： Amir shahzad George Kontakiotis Thierry Adatte Khawaja Shoaib Ahmed muhammad Tayyib Riaz Hammad Tariq Janjuhah Evangelia Besiou Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology Faculty of Geology and GeoenvironmentSchool of Earth SciencesNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografou15784Greece Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) University of LausanneLausanneCH-1015Switzerland Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalPeshawar18050Pakistan

The Eocene Kuldana Formation(KF)in the Yadgar area of Pakistan,comprises a diverse range of sedimentary facies,including variegated red beds of shales,mudstones,and sandstones,as well as interbedded limestone and *** this study,we conducted an integrated micropaleontological,sedimentological,mineralogical,and geochemical investigation to determine the depositional setting,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of the *** study identified six lithofacies and six microfacies,which indicate a variety of environments ranging from floodplains and channels to the margins and shallow marine *** nannofossil biostratigraphy places the KF in the Early Eocene,more precisely the NP10 zone(Ypresian),and the fossil zone of benthic foraminifera classifies the study section as the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ-8(Middle Ilerdian 2).In terms of petrography,the KF sandstone was classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite,while the QtFL diagram suggests a recycled *** proxies indicate an oxidizing environment,a high-to-low regular sedimentation rate,moderate-to-intense chemical weathering in the source region,and a warm-humid to dry climate during the deposition of ***,the findings suggest that the deposition of KF marks the end of Neo-Tethys due to the Early Eocene Indian–Kohistan collision and that the uplifting of the Himalayas provided the source for the deposition of KF in the foreland *** study provides new insights into the depositional environment,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of KF,and highlights the potential for red beds as reliable indicators of oxygenation levels in proximity to mineral deposits.

关键词： sedimentary microfacies Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum stratigraphic correlations paleoenvironmental reconstruction nannofossils paleontology

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A review on marine collagen:sources,extraction methods,colloids properties,and food applications

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胶原与皮革（英文） 2024年第1期6卷 1-27页

作者： shahzad Farooq muhammad Ijaz Ahmad Shijie Zheng Usman Ali Yang Li Cui Shixiu Hui Zhang Jiaxing Institute of Future Food Jiaxing 314050China College of Biosys-tems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiaxing Institute of Future Food Jiaxing 314050China College of Biosys-tems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The growing interest in valorizing industrial by-products has led researchers to focus on exploring different sources and optimizing collagen extraction conditions over the past *** bovine hide,cattle bones,pork,and pig skins remain the most abundant collagen sources,there is a growing trend in the industrial utilization of collagen from non-mammalian *** review explores alternative marine collagen sourcesand summarizes emerging trends in collagen recovery from marine sources,with a particular focus on environmentally friendly ***-tionally,this review covers the colloidal structure-forming properties of marine collagens,including foam,film,gel,and emulsion *** also highlights the potential and important applications of marine collagen in various food *** on the currently reported marine sources,collagens extracted from fish,jellyfish,and sea cucumbers were found to have the highest yield and mostly comprised type-l collagen,while crustaceans and mollusks yielded lower percentages of *** extraction techniques isolate collagen based on acetic acid and pepsin treatment,but they come with drawbacks such as being time-consuming,causing sample destruction,and using ***,marine collagen extracted using conventional methods assisted with ultrasonication resulted in higher yields and strengthened the triple-stranded helical ***,an increasing number of new applications have been found in the food industry for marine collagens,such as biodegradable film-forming materi-als,colloid stabilizers,foaming agents,and micro-encapsulating ***,collagen is a modern foodstuff and is extensively used in the beverage,dairy,and meat industries to increase the stability,consistency,and elasticity of products.

关键词： Marine collagen Jellyfish Sea cucumber Colloid stabilizer Edible film Dairy product

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An Implementation of Multiscale Line Detection and Mathematical Morphology for Efficient and Precise Blood Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2565-2583页

作者： Syed Ayaz Ali Shah Aamir shahzad Musaed Alhussein Chuan Meng Goh Khursheed Aurangzeb Tong Boon Tang muhammad Awais Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22060Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University Tunku Abdul RehmanKampar CampusKampar31900Malaysia Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research University Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarPerak32610Malaysia School of Computing Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUK

Diagnosing various diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cardiovascular conditions,and diabetic retinopathy involves segmenting retinal blood *** task is particularly challenging when dealing with color fundus images due to issues like non-uniformillumination,low contrast,and variations in vessel appearance,especially in the presence of different ***,the speed of the retinal vessel segmentation system is of utmost *** the surge of now available big data,the speed of the algorithm becomes increasingly important,carrying almost equivalent weightage to the accuracy of the *** address these challenges,we present a novel approach for retinal vessel segmentation,leveraging efficient and robust techniques based on multiscale line detection and mathematical *** algorithm’s performance is evaluated on two publicly available datasets,namely the Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction dataset(DRIVE)and the Structure Analysis of Retina(STARE)*** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,withmean accuracy values of 0.9467 forDRIVE and 0.9535 for STARE datasets,aswell as sensitivity values of 0.6952 forDRIVE and 0.6809 for STARE ***,our algorithmexhibits competitive performance with state-of-the-art ***,it operates at an average speed of 3.73 s per image for DRIVE and 3.75 s for STARE *** is worth noting that these results were achieved using Matlab scripts containing multiple *** suggests that the processing time can be further reduced by replacing loops with *** the proposed algorithm can be deployed in real time *** summary,our proposed system strikes a fine balance between swift computation and accuracy that is on par with the best available methods in the field.

关键词： Line detector vessel detection localization mathematical morphology image processing

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Recent progress in two-dimensional metallenes and their potential application as electrocatalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 577-598页

作者： Umer shahzad Mohsin Saeed muhammad Fazle Rabbee Hadi M.Marwani Jehan Y.Al-Humaidi muhammad Altaf Raed H.Althomali Kwang-Hyun Baek Md.Rabiul Awual Mohammed M.Rahman Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research(CEAMR) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.BOX 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry(PERCH-CIC)Center of Excellence in Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Chemistry College of Art and SciencePrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Al-Dawasir 11991Saudi Arabia Western Australian School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityGPO Box U 1987PerthWA 6845Australia

In this article,we looked at metallenes,a novel class of two-dimensional(2D)metals that are attracting interest in the energy and catalysis *** is one area where their exceptional physicochemical and electrical characteristics might be *** are unique because they include several metal atoms that are not in a coordinated *** makes them more active and improves their atomic uti-lization,which in turn increases their catalytic *** article delves into the potential of two-dimensional metals as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction,fuel oxidation,oxygen evolution,and oxygen reduction reactions in the context of sustainable energy *** to the exception-ally high surface-to-volume ratio,large surface area as well as their optimized atomic use efficiency,2D materials defined by atomic layers are crucial for surface-related sustainable energy *** to its exceptional properties,such as high conductivity and the ability to enhance the exposure of active metal sites,2D metallenes have recently attracted a lot of interest for use in catalysis,electronics,and energy-related *** their highly mobility,adjustable surface states,and electrical struc-tures that can be fine-tuned,2D metallenes are promising nanostructure materials for use in energy con-version with the sustainable applications.

关键词： Metallenes Electrocatalysts Electrochemical processes Atomically thin structure

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基于机器学习的L-赖氨酸发酵过程软测量建模和模型预测控制方法研究

基于机器学习的L-赖氨酸发酵过程软测量建模和模型预测控制方法研...

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作者： muhammad shahzad khan 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

L-赖氨酸发酵过程是一个复杂非线性、强耦合、大时变系统,为最大限度提升L-赖氨酸的生产效率和产品品质,迫切需要利用先进控制技术对L-赖氨酸发酵过程进行动态调控和实时优化,将其控制在最佳工艺条件下进行生产。然而由于涉及菌种的生... 详细信息

L-赖氨酸发酵过程是一个复杂非线性、强耦合、大时变系统,为最大限度提升L-赖氨酸的生产效率和产品品质,迫切需要利用先进控制技术对L-赖氨酸发酵过程进行动态调控和实时优化,将其控制在最佳工艺条件下进行生产。然而由于涉及菌种的生长繁殖、代谢过程,L-赖氨酸发酵过程存在的复杂特性造成了优化运行控制的困难:(1)L-赖氨酸发酵过程内部机理十分复杂,动力学模型呈高度的非线性,难以建立能够准确描述其菌种生长、代谢过程动力学特征的数学模型;(2)发酵过程的动力学特征参数随反应时间或批次的变化而变化,传统的、以动力学为基础的控制方法已难以满足控制性能要求;(3)反映L-赖氨酸发酵过程品质的菌体浓度、基质浓度、产物浓度等关键参量目前还缺乏有效的在线测量手段,成为制约优化运行控制的瓶颈问题。目前对这些关键参量的检测主要采用离线采样分析的方法,存在较大的测量延时,难以实施实时控制,同时取样过程中发酵液易受杂菌污染,严重影响L-赖氨酸的生产过程。L-赖氨酸发酵过程的优化运行控制主要通过对一些环境参量(如溶氧浓度、p H、温度等)的检测,凭借工人经验和感官进行手动操作,自动化水平低,技术落后,无法满足L-赖氨酸发酵过程优化运行控制的要求,且生产过程中错误和故障不易及时发现,造成原材料的浪费和设备的空转,严重制约着L-赖氨酸产业的规模化、集约化进程,因此,如何克服以上问题带来的缺陷成为L-赖氨酸产业界亟需解决的问题之一。针对L-赖氨酸发酵过程中非线性、多变量、强耦合以及关键参量难以在线检测等特点,本文在国家自然科学基金(41376175)、江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)、镇江市重点研发计划-社会发展项目(SH2020005)的资助下,围绕L-赖氨酸发酵过程关键参量软测量、非线性模型预测控制方法等问题,开展L-赖氨酸发酵过程优化运行控制的研究,本论文的具体研究内容如下:论文提出ICS-MLSSVM混合型多输出软传感器建模方法,并将其应用在L-赖氨酸发酵过程的关键参量软测量中,实现对L-赖氨酸发酵过程关键生化变量(菌体浓度、基质浓度、产物浓度)的在线实时检测。首先,根据L-赖氨酸发酵过程的多输入、多输出特点,构建多输出最小二乘支持向量机回归器(MLSSVM)模型。然后,利用改进的布谷鸟搜索(ICS)优化算法对MLSSVM模型的重要参数(γ,λ,σ)进行优化。最后,利用优化后的模型参数值建立了ICSS-MLSSVM软传感器混合模型,在线实现了L-赖氨酸发酵过程的关键生化变量。仿真结果证实,所提出的回归模型能够准确预测关键生化变量。此外,混合ICS-MLSSVM软传感器模型在预测精度和适应性上均优于基于标准CS(CS-MLSSVM)、粒子群优化算法(PSO-MLSSVM)和遗传算法(GA-MLSSVM)的MLSSVM软传感器模型。本部分提出的软测量模型将应用于第四章模型预测控制系统中。针对L-赖氨酸发酵过程中流加速率难以实时控制的问题,提出了一种非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)方法。首先,基于机器学习算法(最小二乘支持向量机-LSSVM)建立了L-赖氨酸发酵过程非线性模型预测控制模型,将其用于非线性模型预测控制中作为过程模型预测产品浓度,然后,采用灰狼优化(GWO)算法优化LSSVM预测模型的关键参数(惩罚因子和核宽)以提高其预测精度,同时,GWO还解决了非线性模型预测控制中的非凸优化问题(GWO-NMPC),用于计算未来最优输入。最后,结合关键参量软测量模型,将基于GWO的LSSVM预测模型(GWO-LSSVM)和非线性模型预测控制(GWO-NMPC)方法与基于粒子群优化(PSO)的预测模型(PSO-LSSVM)和非线性模型预测控制(PSO-NMPC)方法进行比较,验证其有效性。比较结果表明,与基于P S O的预测控制相比,基于G WO的预测控制的预测精度、适应性、实时跟踪能力、总体误差和控制精度都较好。

关键词： L-赖氨酸发酵机器学习模型预测控制软测量灰狼优化算法最小二乘支持向量机布谷鸟搜索优化

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Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using Faraday cup

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第8期23卷 188-198页

作者： muhammad Usman Aslam BHATTI Shazia BASHIR Asma HAYAT Khaliq MAHMOOD Rana AYUB Mubashir JAVED muhammad shahzad khan Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics(CASP) GC UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan

Silver(Ag)plasma has been generated by employing Nd:YAG laser(532 nm,6 ns)laser *** energy and flux of ions have been evaluated by using Faraday cup(FC)using time of flight(TOF)*** dual peak signals of fast and slow Ag plasma ions have been *** energy and flux of fast and slow ions tend to increase with increasing irradiance from 7 GW cm-2 to 17.9 GW cm-2 at all distances of FC from the target *** a decreasing trend of energies and flux of ions has been observed with increasing distance of FC from the *** maximum value of flux of the fast component is21.2×10^(10) cm^(-2),whereas for slow ions the maximum energy and flux values are 8.8 keV,8.2×10^(10) cm^(-2) *** the analysis of plume expansion dynamics,the angular distribution of ion flux measurement has also been *** overall analysis of both spatial and angular distributions of Ag ions revealed that the maximum flux of Ag plasma ions has been observed at an optimal angle of~15°.In order to confirm the ion acceleration by ambipolar field,the self-generated electric field(SGEF)measurements have also been performed by electric probe;these SGEF measurements tend to increase by increasing laser *** maximum value of 232 V m^(-1) has been obtained at a maximum laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm^(-2).

关键词： laser ablation laser-induced plasma ions Faraday cup time of flight measurements self-generated electric field angular distribution

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(Sm/Eu/Tm)^(3+) doped tantalum semiconductor system for photovoltaic and electrochemical functionality amplification

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1586-1594,I0007页

作者： Shaan Bibi Jaffri Khuram shahzad Ahmad Isaac Abrahams Ibrahim A.A Materials and Environmental Chemistry Lab Lab-E21Department of Environmental SciencesFatima Jinnah Women UniversityRawalpindiPakistan School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia

This work reports the synthesis,characterization,and energy focused applications of the novel lanthanides co-doped tantalum pentoxide hetero-system(Sm^(3+)-Eu^(3+)-Tm^(3+):Ta_(2)O_(5)).Ln^(3+)-doped Ta_(2)O_(5) express excellent opto-electronic features reflected by the narrow band gap energy of 3.87 *** vibrations confirm the presence of Ta-O-Ta and Ta-O *** synthesized system possesses orthorhombic geometry with 59.46 nm particle *** the smoother and compact morphology,the synthesized material succeeds in augmenting the performance of different systems aimed at energy *** ambient perovskite solar cell device fabricated with the Ln^(3+)-doped Ta_(2)O_(5) as an electron transport layer excels in achieving an efficiency and fill factor of 14.17% and 76% under artificial *** device was marked by the negligible hysteresis behavior showing profound photovoltaic *** electrochemical activity of the Ln^(3+)-doped Ta_(2)O_(5) decorated electrode was evaluated for electrical charge storage potential with pseudocapacitive behavior,With the highest specific capacitance of 355.39 F/g and quicker ionic diffusion rate,the designed electrode excels conventionally used ***-catalysis of water with Ln^(3+)-doped Ta_(2)O_(5) material indicates its capacity for H_(2) production with the lowest overpotential and Tafel slope values of 148 and 121.2 mV/dec,while the O_(2) generation is comparatively *** the stable electrochemical output,this rare earth modified material has the potential to replace conventionally used environmentally perilous and costly materials.

关键词： Lanthanide doping Rare earth materials Perovskite solar cells Supercapacitors Water splitting

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Al3+ doped CeO2 for proton conducting fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2253-2262页

作者： Sarfraz shahzad Rasool muhammad Khalid M.A.K.Yousaf Shah Bin Zhu Jung-Sik Kim muhammad Imran Asghar Nabeela Akbar Wenjing Dong Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology/Energy Storage joint Research Center School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Sino-French Engineer School/School of General Engineering Beihang University Renewable Energy Technologies Group Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Tampere University School of Microelectronics Hubei University

Developing high ionic conducting electrolytes is crucial for applying proton-conducting fuel cell （PCFCs） *** current study investigates the effect of alumina on the structural,morphological,electrical,and electrochemical properties of *** oxygen vacancies are induced in CeO2by a general doping concept that enables fast ionic conduction at low-temperature ranges（300–500°C） for *** refinement of the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns established the pure cubic fluorite structure of Aldoped CeO2（ADC） samples and confirmed Al ions’fruitful integration in the *** electronic structure of the alumina-doped ceria of the materials （10ADC,20ADC,and 30ADC） has been *** a result,it was found that the best composition of 30ADC-based electrolytes induced maximum lattice oxygen *** corresponding PCFC exhibited a maximum power output of 923 mW/cm2at 500°***,the investigation proves the proton-conducting ability of alumina-doped ceria-based fuel cells by using an oxide ion-blocking layer.

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Intrusion Detection System for Smart Industrial Environments with Ensemble Feature Selection and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第3期39卷 545-566页

作者： Asad Raza shahzad Memon muhammad Ali Nizamani Mahmood Hussain Shah Dr.AHS Bukhari Postgraduate Centre of Information and Communication Technology Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SindhJamshoro76060Pakistan Newcastle Business School Northumbria UniversityNewcastleNE1UK

Smart Industrial environments use the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)for their routine operations and transform their industrial operations with intelligent and driven ***,IIoT devices are vulnerable to cyber threats and exploits due to their connectivity with the *** signature-based IDS are effective in detecting known attacks,but they are unable to detect unknown emerging ***,there is the need for an IDS which can learn from data and detect new *** Machine Learning(ML)and individual Deep Learning(DL)based IDS have been developed,and these individual models achieved low accuracy;however,their performance can be improved with the ensemble stacking *** this paper,we have proposed a Deep Stacked Neural Network(DSNN)based IDS,which consists of two stacked Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models as base learners and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)as the meta *** proposed DSNN model was trained and evaluated with the next-generation dataset,TON_*** pre-processing techniques were applied to prepare a dataset for the model,including ensemble feature selection and the SMOTE ***,precision,recall,F1-score,and false positive rates were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed ensemble *** experimental results showed that the accuracy for binary classification is 99.61%,which is better than in the baseline individual DL and ML *** addition,the model proposed for IDS has been compared with similar *** proposed DSNN achieved better performance metrics than the other *** proposed DSNN model will be used to develop enhanced IDS for threat mitigation in smart industrial environments.

关键词： Industrial internet of things smart industrial environment cyber-attacks convolutional neural network ensemble learning

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