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Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2839-2855页

作者： Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad Syed Muqsit Shaheed Rubia Fatima sajid Shah Mohammad Elaffendi Gauhar Ali School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computing Sciences Pak Austria FachhochschuleInstitute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT University of LahoreLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Science Emerson UniversityPunjabMultan60000Pakistan EIAS(Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems)Data Science Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyad12435Saudi Arabia

The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional ***,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional *** address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human ***,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale *** our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer *** results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT *** datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse *** findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window

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Performance of Deep Learning Techniques in Leaf Disease Detection

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第5期48卷 1349-1366页

作者： Robertas Damasevicius Faheem Mahmood Yaseen Zaman Sobia Dastgeer sajid Khan Centre of Real Time Computer Systems Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunas51386Lithuania Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science City UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan

Plant diseases must be identified as soon as possible since they have an impact on the growth of the corresponding ***,the identification of leaf diseases is essential in this field of *** brought on by bacteria,viruses,and fungi are a significant factor in reduced crop *** machine learning models have been applied in the identification of plant diseases,however,with the recent developments in deep learning,this field of study seems to hold huge potential for improved *** study presents an effective method that uses image processing and deep learning approaches to distinguish between healthy and infected *** effectively identify leaf diseases,we employed pre-trained models based on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).There are four deepneural networks approaches used in this study:ConvolutionalNeuralNetwork(CNN),Inception-V3,Dense Net-121,and *** focus was on optimizing the hyper-parameters of these deep learningmodels with prior *** the evaluation of these deep neural networks,standard evaluation measures are used,such as F1-score,recall,precision,accuracy,and AreaUnderCurve(AUC).The overall outcomes showthe better performance of Inception-V3 with an achieved accuracy of 95.5%,as well as the performance of DenseNet-121 with an accuracy of 94.4%.VGG-16 performed well as well,with an accuracy of 93.3%,and CNN achieved an accuracy of 91.9%.

关键词： Smart agriculture deep learning plant disease recognition

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Modeling and Simulation of Heterojunction Solar Cell with Mono Crystalline Silicon

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第3期12卷 997-1020页

作者： sajid Ullah Ayesha Gulnaz Guangwei Wang School of Electronic Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education Tianjin China Department of Physics Rihah International University Islamabad Pakistan

The monocrystalline silicon is a promising material that could be used in solar cells that convert light into electricity. Although the cost of ordinary silicon (Si) solar cells has decreased significantly over the past two decades, the conversion efficiency of these cells has remained relatively high. While solar cells have a great potential as a device of renewable energy, the high cost they incur per Watt continues to be a significant barrier to their widespread implementation. As a consequence, it is vital to conduct research into alternate materials that may be used in the construction of solar cells. The heterojunction solar cell (HJSC), which is based on n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) and p-type silicon (p-Si), is one of the numerous alternatives of the typical Si single homojunction solar cell. There are many deficiencies that can be found in the published research on n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell. Inconsistencies in the stated value of open circuit voltage (Voc) of the solar cell are one example of deficiency. The absence of a full theoretical study to evaluate the potential of the solar cell structure is another deficiency that can be found in these researches. A lower value of experimentally obtained VOC in comparison to the theoretical prediction based on the band-gap between n-ZnO and p-Si. There needs to be more consensus among scientists regarding the optimal conditions for the growth of zinc oxide. Many software’s are available for simulating and optimizing the solar cells based on these parameters. For this purpose, in this dissertation, I provide computational results relevant to n-ZnO/p-Si HJSC to overcome deficiencies that have been identified. While modeling and simulating the potential of the solar cell structure with AFORS-HET, it is essential to consider the constraints that exist in the real world. AFORS-HET was explicitly designed to mimic the multilayer solar cell arrangement. In AFORS-HET, we can add up to seven la

关键词： Heterojunction Solar Cell Silicon Monocrystalline Deficiencies AFORS-HET Optimization Open Circuit Voltage Quantum Efficiency

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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem *** process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory *** has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem ***,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult ***,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem *** this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife *** on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature ***,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2(CPV2)reveals a high prevalence of the CPV2c genotype among dogs sufering from diarrhea

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Animal Diseases 2024年第3期4卷 198-206页

作者： sajid Umar Di Gao Semin Kim Yixi Cheng Zhenkun Fang Qiu Zhongqi Weidong Yu Benjamin D.Anderson Global Health Research Center(GHRC) Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanChina Division of Natural&Applied Sciences(DNAS) Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanChina Swine Business Unit MSD Animal HealthShanghaiChina Simba Pet Hospital(Tinglin Park Branch) Maanshan RoadKunshanSuzhou 215335Jiangsu ProvinceChina Play Pi Kangkang Pet Hospital Kunshan City Development ZoneKunshanSuzhou 215300Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Environmental and Global Health College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaFloridaUSA

Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated *** genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by *** investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to *** detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and *** overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination *** analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c ***,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 *** mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune ***,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from *** data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection *** pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.

关键词： Canine parvovirus Dogs Epidemiology Genetic diversity Phylogenetic analysis

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青藏高原及其周边寒武纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 968-991页

作者：孙智新孙郎赵方臣潘兵 Malik muhammad Saud sajid KHAN Shehryar AHMED 杨传苗兰云殷宗军李国祥朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发育与原特提斯洋有关的复杂岩浆-构造运动而与周边的阿拉伯、中伊朗、阿富汗、塔里木、阿拉善、华北、华南和滇缅马等构造单元相关联.从地层记录上看,这一时期区域内的大部分稳定陆块上发育了由陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成的浅水陆棚沉积,其中包含面貌相近的典型浅水相三叶虫组合.而在原特提斯洋中的祁连构造带,寒武系则是一套在大洋扩张环境下形成的、以中基性火山岩和硅质岩为主的复杂地层序列,其中包含的碳酸盐岩含有斜坡相三叶虫组合.本文在广泛文献调研的基础上,结合第二次青藏高原综合科学考察中的野外观察及新获得的化石证据,对青藏高原及其周边地区不同构造单元上寒武纪地层发育的总体特征进行了概述.在此基础上,利用可获得的生物地层学和同位素年代学等资料,总结了不同构造单元上寒武纪地层的划分和年代地层对比,编制了岩石和生物地层的综合对比表.此外,从生物古地理的角度,简要讨论了寒武纪研究区内主要构造单元的古地理相关性,以及与原特提斯构造带演变有关的问题.

关键词：青藏高原寒武系地层古地理生物群冈瓦纳大陆原特提斯洋

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Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： muhammad QASIM muhammad sajid KAMRAN muhammad AMMAR muhammad ALI JAMAL muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

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Navigating energy landscapes for materials discovery:Integrating modeling,simulation,and machine learning

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Materials Genome Engineering Advances 2024年第1期2卷 21-37页

作者： sajid Mannan Vaibhav Bihani N.M.Anoop Krishnan John C.Mauro Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew DelhiIndia Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew DelhiIndia Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA

The energy landscape represents a high-dimensional mapping of the configurational states of an atomic system with their respective *** isobaric conditions,enthalpy landscapes can be used to account for volumetric changes of the *** the energy or enthalpy landscape holds the key for discovering materials with targeted properties,since the landscape encapsulates the complete thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of a system,including relaxation,metastable phases,and ***,the curse of dimensionality prohibits one from enumerating and visualizing the energy landscape-the energy landscape of an N-atom system has 3N ***,we outline the emerging computational techniques that allow the exploration of complex energy landscapes of materials in three distinct categories:the classical,metaheuristic,and machine learning *** discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these methods,with a focus on the nature of problems where they can provide excellent solutions(and vice versa).Altogether,in addition to giving an overview of existing approaches,we hope the review provides an impetus to develop novel methods to explore the energy landscapes that can,in turn,provide both a fundamental understanding of the physics of materials and accelerate the discovery of novel materials.

关键词： energy landscape enthalpy landscape machine learning molecular simulation optimization

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One-dimensional quantum walks with a position-dependent coin

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第6期72卷 18-28页

作者： Rashid Ahmad Uzma Sajjad muhammad sajid Department of Physics Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat 26000Khyber-PakhtunkhwaPakistan

We investigate the evolution of a discrete-time one-dimensional quantum walk driven by a position-dependent *** rotation angle,which depends upon the position of a quantum particle,parameterizes the coin *** different values of the rotation angle,we observe that such a coin leads to a variety of probability distributions,***,periodic,classicallike,semi-classical-like,and ***,we study the Shannon entropy associated with position and the coin space of a quantum particle,and compare them with the case of the position-independent *** results show that the entropy is smaller for most values of the rotation angle as compared to the case of the position-independent *** also study the effect of entanglement on the behavior of probability distribution and Shannon entropy by considering a quantum walk with two identical position-dependent entangled *** observe that in general,a wave function becomes more localized as compared to the case of the positionindependent coin and hence the corresponding Shannon entropy is *** results show that a position-dependent coin can be used as a controlling tool of quantum walks.

关键词： quantum walk position-dependent coin Shannon entropy

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青藏高原及其周边成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 936-967页

作者：孙郎 Malik muhammad Saud sajid KHAN 杨传孙智新潘兵 Shehryar AHMED 苗兰云孙玮辰胡春林孙晓娟罗翠陈波殷宗军赵方臣李国祥朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

青藏高原及其周边的块体,包括印度板块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块、塔里木板块、欧龙布鲁克地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块、华北板块、扬子板块、中伊朗地块和阿曼等,以及各块体之间造山带的复杂演化历史是地球科学研究的前沿和热点.成冰系... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边的块体,包括印度板块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块、塔里木板块、欧龙布鲁克地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块、华北板块、扬子板块、中伊朗地块和阿曼等,以及各块体之间造山带的复杂演化历史是地球科学研究的前沿和热点.成冰系和埃迪卡拉系广泛分布于该地区的各个构造单元,其中阿曼、印度板块、扬子板块以及塔里木板块发育有相对完整的成冰系和埃迪卡拉系;而在中伊朗地块、南羌塘地块、中祁连地块、阿拉善地块及华北板块,目前已知仅有埃迪卡拉系发育.基于前人对青藏高原及其周边地区成冰系和埃迪卡拉系的研究,结合第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目开展以来获得的新资料和研究进展,本文建立了该地区成冰系和埃迪卡拉系代表性地层序列对比表.在此基础上,本文梳理了该地区这一时期生物群和重大地质事件的研究现状和存在的问题.结果表明,该地区各板块埃迪卡拉纪化石的保存和组合面貌各具特色,但普遍发现有典型埃迪卡拉纪末期化石分子Cloudina和Shaanxilithes;除成冰纪两次全球性冰期事件外,在青藏高原北缘各块体(华北板块、阿拉善地块、北祁连构造带、中祁连地块、欧龙布鲁克地块、塔里木板块)以及伊朗中南部普遍记录了一次埃迪卡拉纪晚期的冰川事件,但该事件的时限、分布范围和成因有待进一步揭示;同时,埃迪卡拉纪中期DOUNCE/Shruam碳同位素负异常事件在青藏高原周边地区也具有广泛记录.综合现有研究资料发现,在成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪期间,青藏高原及其周边地区大多数块体从罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解出来后,可能通过泛非运动构成东冈瓦纳大陆的一部分,而部分板块(如华北板块)位于冈瓦纳大陆和劳伦大陆之间.总体而言,该地区的主要块体在成冰纪-埃迪卡拉纪期间具体的古地理演化模型存在较多争议,亟需开展进一步的研究工作.

关键词：青藏高原成冰系埃迪卡拉系地层古地理生物群冈瓦纳大陆

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