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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 138-155页

作者： Tayyaba sajid Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira RAZZAQ Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic *** characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was *** measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser ***,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the ***,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the *** radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number *** higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and *** generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： Faraday cup axial and radial expansion space-charge effect laser-induced zirconium plasma two-electron temperature distribution self-generated electric and magnetic fields

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Recent progress and prospects of electrolytes for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction toward ammonia

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 3-16页

作者： sajid Mahmood Haiyan Wang Fang Chen Yijun Zhong Yong Hu Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Department of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China The Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics(CAMB) Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMishref 32093Kuwait Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies Zhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhou 311231China

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(ENRR) provides a promising strategy to achieve sustainable synthesis of ammonia. However, despite great efforts devoted to this research field, the problems such as low energy efficiency and weak selectivity still impede its practical implementation. Most of the research to date has been concentrated on creating sophisticated electrocatalysts, and adequate knowledge of electrolytes is still lacking. Herein, the recent progress in electrolytes for ENRR, including alkaline, neutral,acidic, water-in-salt, organic, ionic liquid, and mixed water-organic electrolytes, is thoroughly reviewed to obtain an in-depth understanding of their effects on electrocatalytic performance. Recently developed representative electrocatalysts in various types of electrolytes are also introduced, and future research priorities of different electrolytes are proposed to develop new and efficient ENRR systems.

关键词： Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction Ammonia Electrolytes Production rate Faradaic efficiency

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Targeting Cancers: Uncovering the Potential Roles of Potato Tissue Culture as Anti-Cancer Agents - A Secondary Publication

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第3期8卷 36-50页

作者： Tehseen sajid Jallat Khan Zulqarnain Abbas Hafiz muhammad Sultan Mahnoor Mazhar muhammad Zubair muhammad Dilshad Kashif Kareem Institute of Biological Science Ground FloorBasic Sciences and Humanities BuildingKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyKFUEITRYKPakistan Institute of Plant Protection(Plant Pathology) MNS-University of Agriculture MultanPakistan Crop Diseases Research Institute(CDRI) National Agricultural Research Centre NARCIslamabadPakistan School of Chemistry University of Punjab LahorePakistan

Plant tissue culture is a technique that enhances the quality and quantity of potatoes. Potatoes are a significant crop and are primarily used in the world. It is a staple food in many countries, where millions of tonnes are produced annually. It is an essential source of many nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and beta-carotene. In addition, potatoes are being used as therapeutic agents against cancer and other human diseases as well. Potatoes are on the third list after wheat and rice. To overcome food shortages and malnutrition, there are two methods used for producing potatoes: the first is sexual, which is seed propagation, and the second is asexual, which is plant tissue culture propagation. Conventional potato breeding is a uniform method, but it is unsafe because there is a risk of pathogen attack. In a laboratory setting, the tissue culture of potatoes produced millions of plants with nutrient-rich medium under controlled environmental conditions that prevent pest attacks. Some environmental stresses, such as salinity and water scarcity, affect potato yield and production;however, applying nanoparticles like organic, inorganic, and silicon dioxide enhances potato quality and combats stress. Biotechnology has proven to be helpful in addressing all these issues. This review discusses the significance of potatoes, their production through the tissue culture technique, and the application of nanoparticles to improve the growth, and impact of potatoes on human health.

关键词： Cancer Nanoparticle Potato Tissue culture

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Cryogenian and Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 919-949页

作者： Lang SUN Malik muhammad Saud sajid KHAN Chuan YANG Zhixin SUN Bing PAN Shehryar AHMED Lanyun MIAO Weichen SUN Chunlin HU Xiaojuan SUN Cui LUO Bo CHEN Zongjun YIN Fangchen ZHAO Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The complex evolutionary history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,including the continental blocks(Indian,Lhasa,South Qiangtang,Tarim,Olongbuluk,Central Qilian,Alxa,North China,Yangtze,Central Iran and Oman)and the orogenic belts between them,has long been the frontier in Earth science *** Cryogenian and Ediacaran strata are extensively distributed in these ***,relatively complete Cryogenian and Ediacaran successions have been discovered in Oman,Indian,Yangtze,and Tarim blocks,while only the Ediacaran successions have been reported in Iran,the South Qiangtang,Central Qilian,Alxa,and North China *** on previous studies together with the integration of new materials and advancement obtained through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,this review aims to synthesize a correlative stratigraphic framework of the representative Cryogenian and Ediacaran sequences from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding ***,the Cryogenian and Ediacaran biotas and major geological events in these areas are comprehensively discussed in aspects of current research *** results indicate that,in general,Ediacaran fossils of each area exhibit distinct features in preservation and assemblage composition,but the typical late Ediacaran fossils Cloudina and Shaanxilithes have been reported from most of these *** addition to the two global Cryogenian glaciations,late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits are extensively recorded in the areas within and around the northern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(including the North China,Alxa,Central Qilian,Olongbuluk,and Tarim blocks,and the North Qilian Accretionary Belt),as well as central and southern ***,further research is required to determine the age,distribution,and origin of these late Ediacaran glaciogenic ***,the middle Ediacaran DOUNCE/Shuram Excursion is widely documented in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surroundi

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cryogenian Ediacaran Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Biota Gondwana

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Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2839-2855页

作者： Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad Syed Muqsit Shaheed Rubia Fatima sajid Shah Mohammad Elaffendi Gauhar Ali School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computing Sciences Pak Austria FachhochschuleInstitute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT University of LahoreLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Science Emerson UniversityPunjabMultan60000Pakistan EIAS(Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems)Data Science Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyad12435Saudi Arabia

The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional ***,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional *** address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human ***,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale *** our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer *** results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT *** datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse *** findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window

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菜鸟驿站空间分布与城市发展关系研究——以东莞市为例

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西部人居环境学刊 2019年第5期34卷 83-91页

作者：周佼李钢杨兰刘倩 muhammad sajid mehmood 中山大学地理科学与规划学院西北大学城市与环境学院

本文基于东莞市菜鸟驿站的POI数据,借助ArcGIS软件,探究其社会经济信息以及空间分布格局.同时利用SPSS建立回归模型,分析城市人口数与企业数对驿站布局的影响并建立了菜鸟驿站预测城市人口数量的基本公式.结果显示:一、东莞市中97%的菜... 详细信息

本文基于东莞市菜鸟驿站的POI数据,借助ArcGIS软件,探究其社会经济信息以及空间分布格局.同时利用SPSS建立回归模型,分析城市人口数与企业数对驿站布局的影响并建立了菜鸟驿站预测城市人口数量的基本公式.结果显示:一、东莞市中97%的菜鸟驿站依托于商店,美宜佳便利店为其主要合作方,依托方与驿站间具有互利共生的关系.社区、企业为驿站主要服务对象.布点遵循就近原则,80%的网点在距服务对象70 m以内;二、菜鸟驿站分布呈现与城市形态一致的西北—东南走向的多核心模式,以镇街为单位形成小范围集中,各中心地间相隔较远,冷热区整体呈现伞状分布;三、菜鸟驿站数与常住人口和工商企业个体数具有正比例关系,可作为探测城市增长与社会经济变迁的灵敏探针.通过对物流终端菜鸟驿站的空间特征及影响因素分析,对我国城市服务性设施的合理规划布局具有指导和借鉴意义,同时可为研究和预测未来城市发展和社会经济现象做出贡献.

关键词：菜鸟驿站城市发展 POI 东莞市

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Modeling and Simulation of Heterojunction Solar Cell with Mono Crystalline Silicon

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第3期12卷 997-1020页

作者： sajid Ullah Ayesha Gulnaz Guangwei Wang School of Electronic Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education Tianjin China Department of Physics Rihah International University Islamabad Pakistan

The monocrystalline silicon is a promising material that could be used in solar cells that convert light into electricity. Although the cost of ordinary silicon (Si) solar cells has decreased significantly over the past two decades, the conversion efficiency of these cells has remained relatively high. While solar cells have a great potential as a device of renewable energy, the high cost they incur per Watt continues to be a significant barrier to their widespread implementation. As a consequence, it is vital to conduct research into alternate materials that may be used in the construction of solar cells. The heterojunction solar cell (HJSC), which is based on n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) and p-type silicon (p-Si), is one of the numerous alternatives of the typical Si single homojunction solar cell. There are many deficiencies that can be found in the published research on n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell. Inconsistencies in the stated value of open circuit voltage (Voc) of the solar cell are one example of deficiency. The absence of a full theoretical study to evaluate the potential of the solar cell structure is another deficiency that can be found in these researches. A lower value of experimentally obtained VOC in comparison to the theoretical prediction based on the band-gap between n-ZnO and p-Si. There needs to be more consensus among scientists regarding the optimal conditions for the growth of zinc oxide. Many software’s are available for simulating and optimizing the solar cells based on these parameters. For this purpose, in this dissertation, I provide computational results relevant to n-ZnO/p-Si HJSC to overcome deficiencies that have been identified. While modeling and simulating the potential of the solar cell structure with AFORS-HET, it is essential to consider the constraints that exist in the real world. AFORS-HET was explicitly designed to mimic the multilayer solar cell arrangement. In AFORS-HET, we can add up to seven la

关键词： Heterojunction Solar Cell Silicon Monocrystalline Deficiencies AFORS-HET Optimization Open Circuit Voltage Quantum Efficiency

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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem *** process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory *** has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem ***,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult ***,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem *** this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife *** on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature ***,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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Cryogenian and Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy, biotas, and palaeogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Lang SUN Malik muhammad Saud sajid KHAN Chuan YANG Zhixin SUN Bing PAN Shehryar AHMED Lanyun MIAO Weichen SUN Chunlin HU Xiaojuan SUN Cui LUO Bo CHEN Zongjun YIN Fangchen ZHAO Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The complex evolutionary history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, including the continental blocks (Indian, Lhasa, South Qiangtang, Tarim, Olongbuluk, Central Qilian, Alxa, North China, Yangtze, Central Iran and Oman) and the orogenic belts between them, has long been the frontier in Earth science research. The Cryogenian and Ediacaran strata are extensively distributed in these blocks. Specifically, relatively complete Cryogenian and Ediacaran successions have been discovered in Oman, Indian, Yangtze, and Tarim blocks, while only the Ediacaran successions have been reported in Iran,the South Qiangtang, Central Qilian, Alxa, and North China blocks. Based on previous studies together with the integration of new materials and advancement obtained through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research, this review aims to synthesize a correlative stratigraphic framework of the representative Cryogenian and Ediacaran sequences from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas. Furthermore, the Cryogenian and Ediacaran biotas and major geological events in these areas are comprehensively discussed in aspects of current research status. The results indicate that, in general,Ediacaran fossils of each area exhibit distinct features in preservation and assemblage composition, but the typical late Ediacaran fossils Cloudina and Shaanxilithes have been reported from most of these areas. In addition to the two global Cryogenian glaciations, late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits are extensively recorded in the areas within and around the northern QinghaiTibetan Plateau (including the North China, Alxa, Central Qilian, Olongbuluk, and Tarim blocks, and the North Qilian Accretionary Belt), as well as central and southern Iran. However, further research is required to determine the age, distribution, and origin of these late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits. Meanwhile, the middle Ediacaran DOUNCE/Shuram Excursion is widely documented in

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青藏高原及其周边寒武纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 968-991页

作者：孙智新孙郎赵方臣潘兵 Malik muhammad Saud sajid KHAN Shehryar AHMED 杨传苗兰云殷宗军李国祥朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发育与原特提斯洋有关的复杂岩浆-构造运动而与周边的阿拉伯、中伊朗、阿富汗、塔里木、阿拉善、华北、华南和滇缅马等构造单元相关联.从地层记录上看,这一时期区域内的大部分稳定陆块上发育了由陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成的浅水陆棚沉积,其中包含面貌相近的典型浅水相三叶虫组合.而在原特提斯洋中的祁连构造带,寒武系则是一套在大洋扩张环境下形成的、以中基性火山岩和硅质岩为主的复杂地层序列,其中包含的碳酸盐岩含有斜坡相三叶虫组合.本文在广泛文献调研的基础上,结合第二次青藏高原综合科学考察中的野外观察及新获得的化石证据,对青藏高原及其周边地区不同构造单元上寒武纪地层发育的总体特征进行了概述.在此基础上,利用可获得的生物地层学和同位素年代学等资料,总结了不同构造单元上寒武纪地层的划分和年代地层对比,编制了岩石和生物地层的综合对比表.此外,从生物古地理的角度,简要讨论了寒武纪研究区内主要构造单元的古地理相关性,以及与原特提斯构造带演变有关的问题.

关键词：青藏高原寒武系地层古地理生物群冈瓦纳大陆原特提斯洋

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