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Critical Success Factors of Infrastructure PPP Projects in Punjab,Pakistan

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Critical Success Factors of Infrastructure PPP Projects in P...

作者： muhammad Hassaan 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

In many countries,the implementation of Public-private Partnership(PPP)concept has become increasingly more essential method of procuring infrastructure development ***,in Punjab the requirement and demand for infrastructure is huge while the resources are scarce and difficult to meet this *** are few projects implemented in Punjab under PPP concept,but the numbers of such projects are increasing and currently with more than25projects in pipeline,the Government of Punjab is interested to boost infrastructure development with the help of private investment,which is considered as vital source for the developing nations as well as for developed *** aim of this study is to explore the Punjab experience in implementing PPP projects focusing on the success factors considered as critical for *** operational projects were selected and semi-structured interview was carried out with the representative of potential stakeholders involved in these projects.A qualitative approach was applied to identify the Critical Success Factors(CSFs).Nine success factors were identified from literature and by holding discussion with experts and seeking their opinion,five success factors were considered as critical for the success of PPP project in *** to the findings,the CSFs in the context of Punjab are:appropriate risk allocation and sharing,favourable legal and regulatory framework,financial and economic viability,well-organized and committed public agency,and political support and *** is believed that the findings and suggestions presented in this study will assist both the private and public sectors to deliver PPP projects in Punjab more successfully.

关键词： Public-private partnership Critical success factors Punjab Pakistan

Eco-friendly method for synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 decorated graphene oxide for antibacterial activity enhancement

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Particuology 2020年第2期18卷 24-32页

作者： Nazerah Ahmad Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin Juhana Jaafar Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek Ahmad Fauzi Ismail muhammad Nabil Fikri Yahya Siti Aishah Mohd Hanim Mohd Sohaimi Abdullah Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Malaysian Institute of Chemical Engineering Technology-Universiti Kuala Lumpur Lot 1988Bandar VendorTaboh Naning78000 Alor GajahMelakaMalaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Centre for Student Innovation and Technology Entrepreneurship Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia

We report a rapid method for synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8(ZIF-8)-decorated graphene oxide(GO)composites(ZGO)with good antibacterial *** ZGO composites were synthesized at room temperature with low GO to metal salt *** samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermal gravimetric analysis,and surface area *** characterization results show that ZIF-8 with a size of approximately 120 nm is successfully decorated on the surface of GO sheets with the host ZIF-8 framework maintained in the synthesized composite,but there is a significant reduction in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface *** antibacterial activities of the samples against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 as model strains of gram-negative and-positive bacteria,respectively,were determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)***-1.0(1 wt%of ratio of GO to metal salt)shows the highest antibacterial activity with MIC values required to inhibit bacterial growth of *** and *** of 5 times lower than those of pristine *** antibacterial mechanisms are proposed based on field-emission scanning electron microscope images of the two bacteria after contact with the synthesized ***,owing to the simple synthesis,good stability,low chemical usage,and excellent antibacterial activity of the ZGO composites,they show great potential for application in the field of microbial contamination control.

关键词： Graphene oxide Metal-organic framework Hybrid nanocomposite Zeolitic imidazolate framework Antibacterial agent

Cotton germplasm improvement and progress in Pakistan

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Journal of Cotton Research 2021年第1期4卷 76-89页

作者： RAZZAQ Abdul ZAFAR muhammad Mubashar ALI Arfan HAFEEZ Abdul BATOOL Wajeeha SHI Yuzhen GONG Wankui YUAN Youlu State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceAnyang 455000HenanChina Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of LahoreLahorePakistan FB Genetics Four Brothers Group LahorePakistan.

Cotton(Gossypium spp.)contributes significantly to the economy of cotton-producing *** is the fourth-largest producer of cotton after China,the USA and *** average yield of cotton is about 570.99 ***^(−2) in *** change and different biotic stresses are causing reduction in cotton *** approaches have unique advantage to tackle all these ***,how to confer permanent resistance in cotton against insects through genetic modification,is still a big challenge to *** of transgenic cotton has been proven to be *** its effectiveness depends upon several factors,including heterogeneity,seed purity,diffusion of varieties,backcrossing and ethical *** biotechnology was initiated in Pakistan in 1992–1993 with a focus on acquiring cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV)-resistant insect-resistant,and improving fiber *** review summarizes the use of molecular markers,QTLs,GWAS,and gene cloning for cotton germplasm improvement,particularly in Pakistan.

关键词： Genetic progress Bt Cotton GWAS Cotton biology Cotton economy Molecular markers

太阳能光热驱动有机朗肯循环系统的研究及其优化

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太阳能光热驱动有机朗肯循环系统的研究及其优化

作者： muhammad Usman 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

随着太阳热能研究的发展,有机朗肯循环越多越多的应用于太阳热能领域,但尚未用于低温热领域。本研究的重点是两种有机朗肯循环的热力学分析和参数研究。此外,进行火用和能量流分析以改善设计并提高能量利用率。在这项研究中,已经取得了... 详细信息

随着太阳热能研究的发展,有机朗肯循环越多越多的应用于太阳热能领域,但尚未用于低温热领域。本研究的重点是两种有机朗肯循环的热力学分析和参数研究。此外,进行火用和能量流分析以改善设计并提高能量利用率。在这项研究中,已经取得了以下成果。1)用Aspen Plus软件优化有机朗肯循环的各组分。2)用Aspen Plus v10软件对两种不同的配置(ORC和RORC)建模。两种模型在相同的边界条件下进行模拟,以便对结果进行公平比较。优化两种配置的以便找出提高效率的因素和限制。。3)研究了涡轮压力比对输出功率的影响,并研究了提高冷却水温度对输出功率和系统整体效率的影响。模拟得的结果如下1)发现泵排出压力增加了有机朗肯循环的总输出。对于目前的研究,压力从5bar增加到10bar导致能量效率从6.5%增加到10%。效率的提高也是热水出口温度的函数,其也降低意味着通过增加压力可以获得更好的传热效果。2)对于相同的入口压力,RORC比ORC的性能好1.7%。结果发现,在与ORC相同的边界条件下,热水出口温度为15℃,低于ORC热水出口温度。3)涡轮机的出口压力影响有机朗肯循环的功率输出。将出口压力从2 bar降低到1.7 bar会导致功率增加1 kW至0.5 kW。但是出口压力降低值存在下限。结果发现该模型不能在1.5bar以下模拟。还观察到RORC中的最佳出口压力为1.75bar低于ORC中的最佳压力1.95bar。4)冷凝器冷却水的入口温度影响系统的性能。模拟温度从20℃升高到30℃,并且发现需要更多的热交换器面积才能在泵的入口处获得100%的液体。5)模拟分析了RORC和ORC的工作输出和输入。在ORC 1.007 kW的情况下,需要RORC0.364 kW的功率输入。结果发现,来自再生器的热量也会影响泵的功耗。该研究还阐述了涡轮压力比,传热流体温度和功率输出之间的关系。它将为有机朗肯循环的组分的设计和尺寸提供依据。在相同的边界条件下,再生有机朗肯循环比有机朗肯循环提高20.97%的能量效率。

关键词：有机朗肯循环再生有机朗肯循环火用流量涡轮压力比

国际货币基金组织对巴基斯坦经济的影响（2001-2019）

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国际货币基金组织对巴基斯坦经济的影响（2001-2019）

作者： muhammad Naeem 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

国际货币基金组织成立于1945年,致力于通过多种方式关注成员国的经济增长,维护金融稳定。它向所有深陷于严重经济危机的发展中国家提供贷款,帮助其共度时艰。除贷款外,国际货币基金组织还提供政策建议与附加条件。但是这些附加条件时常... 详细信息

国际货币基金组织成立于1945年,致力于通过多种方式关注成员国的经济增长,维护金融稳定。它向所有深陷于严重经济危机的发展中国家提供贷款,帮助其共度时艰。除贷款外,国际货币基金组织还提供政策建议与附加条件。但是这些附加条件时常受到批评和质疑,认为严苛的附加条件会对各国的本土经济产生负面影响。本文探讨的主要问题是“在2001-2019年间,国际货币基金组织对巴基斯坦的经济有何影响?”由于经济状况不佳,脱贫致富的需求迫切和面临国际收支平衡问题,巴基斯坦曾多次向国际货币基金组织寻求资金支持。自1958年首次向国际货币基金组织借款以来,巴基斯坦已向国际货币基金组织申请贷款22次。在本文的研究时段2001-2019年期间,共借款4次,分别发生于2001年,2008年,2013年与2019年。严重的财政赤字状况迫使巴基斯坦一次次走向国际货币基金组织,寻求资金支持。但是,值得关注的是,国际货币基金组织的经济资金究竟是促进了巴基斯坦的经济发展,还是徒增巴基斯坦的外债数额,造成沉重的负担,对巴基斯坦经济增长产生负面影响?近年来,国际货币基金组织的经济资金因其附加的政策、限制和其对巴经济的影响一直备受争议。为获得国际货币基金组织的资金支持,巴基斯坦不得不接受国际货币基金组织附加的许多先决条件和后续条件,并且采取其制定的严苛的政策。这是国际货币基金组织的资金对巴基斯坦经济增长产生负面影响的关键所在。在2001-2019年中,国际货币基金组织对巴基斯坦经济既发挥了积极作用,但又产生了负面影响。积极方面表现为国际货币基金组织的资金帮助巴基斯坦保持财政收支平衡,稳定外汇储备,促进出口增长并且为进口提供资金。但是,国际货币基金组织的资金也对巴基斯坦经济产生了负面影响,包括巴基斯坦卢比贬值,消费税增加,开发项目资金削减,加价率增加,项目补贴减少以及政府掌管证券交易。本研究详细探讨和分析了国际货币基金组织的贷款对巴基斯坦经济的影响,以及向巴基斯坦提供的数十亿美元的贷款是如何对其经济产生负面影响的。研究结果与结论将有助于确定巴基斯坦的政策选择。该研究还为更深入的关于国际金融机构的学术研究,尤其是关注国际货币基金组织和巴基斯坦经济的研究另辟蹊径。此外,该研究还将作为参考,不仅为将来巴基斯坦政府处理与类似国际货币基金组织的国际金融机构的关系提供指导原则,还将为巴基斯坦和其他国家的决策者,尤其是那些经济命运系于国际金融机构资金的国家,制定指导原则。本研究将进一步指出以往政策的缺陷,启发未来决策的前瞻性思维,并且为各个领域的学术研究者提供积极选择。本文共分为五章,全方面地介绍“国际货币基金组织对巴基斯坦经济的影响”这一问题。第一章是概况介绍部分,简要介绍了研究对象,解释了研究背景,研究问题,文章主要论点,研究的重要性,研究过程中采用的研究方法,以及相关的文献综述。本章为后续章节中更加深入的讨论奠定了坚实的基础。第二章简要讨论了2001-2019年国际货币基金组织为巴基斯坦提供的几个政策选择:国有企业私有化,增加财政收入,减轻国有企业对国家财政的负担;停止对能源和常规项目的补贴以减少预算赤字;增加直接税和间接税,提高财政收入总额,以偿还国际货币基金组织的贷款以及引发国内通货膨胀率上升的贷款利息;经常性调整汇率。维持良好的汇率至关重要,这不仅是一项必要的政策目标,还是决定巴基斯坦货币价值的关键所在。在货币价值波动的背景下,汇率调整对促进巴基斯坦经济增长发挥了一定的积极作用。巴基斯坦卢比相对于美元贬值,主要目的是促进巴基斯坦出口增长。因为当一国货币贬值时,出口商品标价相应降低,需求则随之增长。国际货币基金组织乐见巴基斯坦卢比贬值的局面,并称这对全球金融发展具有重要意义。第三章简要分析了第二章中介绍的国际货币基金组织的几项举措产生的积极影响。本论文发现,国营企业私有化政策对国家经济发展更为有效。该国私有化收入来自于巴基斯坦政府采取私有化政策后的增值措施。2000-2008年期间,私有化收入约为174.5亿美元,占巴基斯坦收入的比例为43%。巴基斯坦联合银行以3.87亿美元交易额被私有化。国有企业私有化的积极影响体现在外商直接投资的增长和国内需求的加剧。研究发现,自2002-2007年以来,外商直接投资一直在增加。2007年,外商直接投资占巴基斯坦国内生产总值的比重高达3.37%。此外,私有化也促进了国内需求增长,巴基斯坦家庭手工业也从中受益。本文还分析了停止补贴这一项举措的积极影响。它是控制预算赤字、控制消费的积极措施。预算的削减有助于巴基斯坦本土工业的发展。补贴控制措施中节余的资金还可用于助力国内脱贫攻坚。国际货币基金组织提供的另一政策选择——税收政策也在一定程度上促进巴基斯坦宏观经济的发展,提高了税收在巴基斯坦国内生产总值所占比重,也有助于解决预算赤字问题。此外,汇率调整有利

关键词：国际货币基金组织巴基斯坦作用

Forecast the Influenza Pandemic Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 331-340页

作者： muhammad Adnan Khan Wajhe Ul Husnain Abidi Mohammed A.Al Ghamdi Sultan H.Almotiri Shazia Saqib Tahir Alyas Khalid Masood Khan Nasir Mahmood Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54792Pakistan Systems Limited Lahore54792Pakistan Computer Science Department Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah City715Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan

Forecasting future outbreaks can help in minimizing their *** is a disease primarily found in animals but transferred to humans through *** 1918,influenza became a pandemic and spread rapidly all over the world becoming the cause behind killing one-third of the human population and killing one-fourth of the pig ***,that influenza became a pandemic several times on a local and global *** 2009,influenza‘A’subtype H1N1 again took many human *** disease spread like in a pandemic *** paper proposes a forecasting modeling system for the influenza pandemic using a feed-forward propagation neural network(MSDII-FFNN).This model helps us predict the outbreak,and determines which type of influenza becomes a pandemic,as well as which geographical area is *** collection for the model is done by using IoT *** model is divided into 2 phases:The training phase and the validation phase,both being connected through the *** the training phase,the model is trained using FFNN and is updated on the *** the validation phase,whenever the input is submitted through the IoT devices,the system model is updated through the cloud and predicts the pandemic *** our dataset,the data is divided into an 85%training ratio and a 15%validation *** applying the proposed model to our dataset,the predicted output precision is 90%.

关键词： Influenza pandemic machine learning prediction influenza influenza pandemic prediction forecast pandemic influenza

A Formal Framework for SAAS Customization Based on Multi-Layered Architecture Via Process Algebra

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A Formal Framework for SAAS Customization Based on Multi-Lay...

作者： Zubair muhammad 南京理工大学

学位级别：硕士

Software as a Service(SaaS)can possibly change the way data innovation(IT)divisions identify with and even cerebrate about their part as suppliers of figuring services to whatever is left of the *** development of SaaS as an adequate software-dissemination system causes an open door for IT divisions to transmute their concentration from conveying and sustaining applications to dealing with the services that those applications give.A prosperous service-driven IT,thus,specifically induces more esteem for the business by giving services that draw from both interior and outside sources and adjust proximately to business *** the rapid increment on the number of software systems and its's user,the complexity to manage the software systems is not very *** as a service(SaaS)provides only user required software services in form of web-mostly based on the vendor developed/maintained model,which creates the new challenges for the software customers(tenants).In this thesis,we purpose a multi-layered architecture of SAAS framework,customized by both vendors and tenants-with the help of process *** far most of SaaS arrangements depend on a multitenant *** this model,a solitary adaptation of the application,with a solitary arrangement(equipment,organize,working framework),is utilized for all clients to bolster adaptability,the application is introduced on numerous machines(called flat scaling).Now and again,a moment form of the application is set up to offer a select gathering of clients with access to pre-discharge adaptations of the applications for testing *** is appeared differently in relation to customary software,where numerous physical duplicates of the software each conceivably of an alternate adaptation,with a possibly unique setup,and frequently modified are introduced crosswise over different client ***,the architecture will be able to offer an extant vendor model of SAAS as well as tenant bas

关键词： SAAS Software Customization Process Algebra Multi-layered Architecture workflow

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The Challenges of Water Pollution, Threat to Public Health, Flaws of Water Laws and Policies in Pakistan

作者： (英)Ryan shah

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第17期7卷 1516-1526页

作者： Azra Jabeen Xisheng Huang muhammad Aamir School of Law Chongqing University Chongqing China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing China

In an era of unprecedented urbanization, population and industrial growth pressure is serious threat for the water management in Pakistan in present days. Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff limited natural fresh water resources in the country. Human health is facing serious problems due to deteriorating drinking water quality. Current review paper provides an insight to the water quality problems in Pakistan with an attempt to emphasize the challenges of water laws enforcement. Although Pakistan has developed many water laws the state of implementation is dominant, intermediate pollution crises are still remaining. We could come to the conclusion that strictly enforcement is compulsory for water environment regulations in Pakistan. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a reliable risk assessment system for water quality, human health and ecological safety.

关键词： Water Pollution Population Urbanization Public Health Contamination Industrial and Agricultural Pollution Water Laws and Policies