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Experimental flexural behavior of SMA-FRP reinforced concrete beam

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第4期7卷 341-355页

作者： adeel zafar Bassem ANDRAWES Department of Civil Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois 61820USA

The most critical drawback in currently used steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete(RC)structures is susceptibility to accumulation of plastic deformation under excessive *** concrete structures due to damaged(yielded)steel reinforcement have undergone costly repairs and *** research presents a new type of shape memory alloy(SMA)-based composite reinforcement with ability to withstand high elongation while exhibiting pseudoelastic *** this study,small diameter SMA wires are embedded in thermoset resin matrix with or without additional glass fibers to develop composite *** technique of new proposed composite is validated using microscopy *** proposed SMA-FRP composite square rebars are first fabricated and then embedded in small scale concrete T-beam.3-point bending test is conducted on manufactured RC beam using a cyclic displacement controlled regime until *** is found that the SMA-FRP composite reinforcement is able to enhance the performance of concrete member by providing re-centering and crack closing capability.

关键词： re-centering shape memory alloys concrete composite fiber reinforced polymer scanning electron microscopy

Mechanisms and molecular approaches for heat tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under climate change scenario

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 726-738页

作者： Syed adeel zafar Amjad Hameed muhammad Amjad Nawaz MA Wei Mehmood All Noor Muzammil Hussain Mehboob-ur-Rahman National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan Department of Biotechnology College of Engineering Science Chonnam National University Chonnam 59626 Republic of Korea Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences~Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministryof Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Mycology/Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R. China Plant Genomics & Molecular Breeding Laboratories National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan

Rice, a staple cereal crop in many parts of the world, has been confronted with multiple environmental stresses including high temperature, negatively impacts the booting as well as anthesis growth stages. The situation is further complicated by the changing climatic conditions, resulting in gradual escalation of temperature as well as changing the rainfall pattern and frequency, thus raising a concern of food security worldwide. The situation can be combat by developing rice varieties with excellent genetics with improved morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, together can minimize the adverse effects of heat stress. Here, several strategies(encompassing genetic and genomic, and mechanisms involved) for mitigating the impact of high temperature on rice have been discussed. Finally, the utilization of genomic knowledge in augmenting the conventional breeding approaches have been comprehensively elaborated to develop heat tolerant germplasm.

关键词： heat stress rice climate change molecular markers heat stress responses

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1475-1480页

作者： FOZIA Andaleeb muhammad Anjum Zia muhammad Ashraf zafar Mahmood Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Department of Botany University of Agriculture

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the *** the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth *** different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. soil chromium growth attributes

Density functional theory study of structural,electronic,and thermal properties of Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Os and PtPdX(X=Ir,Os,and Rh)alloys

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第3期25卷 298-306页

作者： Shabbir Ahmed muhammad zafar M Shakilt M A Choudhary Simulation Laboratory Department of Physicsthe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan o Department of Physics Hafiz Hayat CampusUniversity of GujratGujrat 50700Pakistan

The structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os metals and their alloys PtPdX （X = Ir, Os and Rh） are studied systematically using ab initio density functional theory. The groundstate properties such as lattice constant and bulk modulus are calculated to find the equilibrium atomic position for stable alloys. The electronic band structure and density of states are calculated to study the electronic behavior of metals on making their alloys. The electronic properties substantiate the metallic behavior for all studied materials. The firstprinciples density functional perturbation theory as implemented in quasi-harmonic approximation is used for the calculations of thermal properties. We have calculated the thermal properties such as the Debye temperature, vibrational energy, entropy and constant-volume specific heat. The calculated properties are compared with the previously reported experimental and theoretical data for metals and are found to be in good agreement. Calculated results for alloys could not be compared because there is no data available in the literature with such alloy composition.

关键词： electronic structural and thermal properties platinum group metals

A reliable, delay bounded and less complex communication protocol for multicluster FANETs

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Digital Communications and Networks 2017年第1期3卷 30-38页

作者： Wajiya zafar Bilal muhammad Khan National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Pakistan

Recently, Flying Ad-hoc Networks （FANETs）, enabling ad-hoc networking between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles （UAVs） is gaining importance in several military and civilian applications. The sensitivity of the applications requires adaptive; efficient; delay bounded and scalable communication network among UAVs for data transmission. Due to communication protocol complexity; rigidity; cost of commercial-off-the-shelf （COT） components; limited radio bandwidth; high mobility and computational resources; maintaining the desired level of Quality of Service （QoS） becomes a daunting task. For the first time in this research we propose multicluster FANETs for efficient network management; the proposed scheme considerably reduces commu- nication cost and optimizes network performance as well as exploit low power; less complex and low cost IEEE 802.15.4 （MAC） protocol for intercluster and intracluster communication. In this research both beacon enabled mode and beaconless modes have been investigated with Guaranteed Time Slots （GTS） and virtual Time Division Multiple Access （TDMA） respectively. The methodology plays a key role towards reserving bandwidth for latency critical applications; eliminate collisions and medium access delays. Moreover analysis ad-hoc routing protocols including two proactive （OLSR, DSDV） and one reactive （AODV） is also presented. The results shows that the proposed scheme guarantees high packet delivery ratios while maintaining acceptable levels of latency requirements comparable with more complex and dedieatedly designed protocols in literature.

关键词： FANETsIEEE 802.15.4ReliabilityLatency Multicluster

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 231-239页

作者： AKHTAR Nasreen IQBAL muhammad zafar Saeed Iqbal IQBAL Javed Department of Biology Government lslamia College for WomenCooper RoadLahore-54550Pakistan. Environment Biotechnology Group Biotechnology and Food Research CentrePCSIR Laboratories ComplexLahore-54600Pakistan. School of Biological Sciences University of PunjabLahore-54570Pakistan.

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.

关键词： biosorption immobilization loofa sponge Chlorella sorokiniana Cr(Ⅲ) desorption fixed bed column reactor

Properties of Chemically Synthesized Nano-geopolymer Cement based Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete(SCGC)

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2019年第1期34卷 98-106页

作者： muhammad Ali Sikandar Byung Wan Jo zafar Baloch muhammad Asad Khan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CECOS University

The physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting geopolymer concrete(SCGC) using chemically synthesized nano-geopolymer cement was investigated. Nano-geopolymer cement was synthesized using nano-silica, alkali activator, and sodium aluminate in the laboratory. Subsequently, nine nanogeopolymer cement sbased SCGC mixes with varying nano-geopolymer cement content, alkali activator content, coarse aggregate(CA) content, and curing temperature were produced. The workability-related fresh properties were assessed through slump flow diameter and slump flow rate measurements. Mechanical performances were evaluated through compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity measurements. In addition, rapid chloride penetration test, water absorption, and porosity tests were also performed. It was assessed that all mix design parameters influenced the fresh and hardened properties of SCGC mixes. Based on test results, it was deduced that nano-geopolymer cement SCGC performed fairly well. All the SCGC mixes achieved the 28-day compressive strength in the range of 60-80 MPa. Additionally, all mixes attained 60% of their 28-day strength during the first three days of elevated temperature curing. FTIR and SEM analyses were performed to evaluate the degree of polymerization and the microstructure respectively for SCGC mixes.

关键词： geopolymer compressive strength self-compacting concrete alkali activator nano-silica

Combined Role of ACC Deaminase Producing Bacteria and Biochar on Cereals Productivity under Drought

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 217-227页

作者： Subhan Danish muhammad zafar-ul-Hye Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory PakArab Fertilizer LimitedPlantsiteMultan60800Pakistan

Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food *** changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal *** the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought *** biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been *** scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this *** PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ***,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of *** addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against *** application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its *** recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought *** aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought *** scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and ***,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.

关键词： ACC deaminase biochar cereals drought ethylene PGPR yield

Depositional and Bio-Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation,Kala-Chitta Range,Pakistan:Equivalent of Gurpi Formation(Iran)

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 332-348页

作者： muhammad Awais Bilal Wadood muhammad Ishaq muhammad Bilal Zeeshan zafar Nasar Khan Aminullah Khan Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbar-SwabiKhyber PakhtunkhwaSwabi23561Pakistan Department of Earth Environmental and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples80126Italy State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa25130Pakistan Department of Geological Engineering School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an610500China Department of Petroleum Geology and Engineering School of Earth ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Department of Geology University of MalakandDir Lower18800ChakdaraPakistan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

The present study is focused on evaluation of deep marine pelagic sediments of Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation of Kala-Chitta Range in the context of microfacies analysis,paleoenvironmental interpretation,planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy and diversification of species.A total of thirty three rock samples were collected from the measured *** microfacies are interpreted,namely planktonic foraminifera wackestone,planktonic foraminifera mudstone and sandy mudstone indicating low energy depositional environment i.e.,outer *** biostratigraphic studies show plentiful planktonic foraminifera species of Globotruncana,Heterohelix and ***,no association of benthic or siliceous organisms was *** the basis of available species assemblage,a single local planktonic foraminifera biozone i.e.,Globotruncana-Heterohelix-Globotruncanita Assemblage Biozone is *** biozone information is combined with published literature and Lower Santonian to Middle Maastrichtian age has been assigned to the Kawagarh *** trend of species occurrences evinces that species number decreases over time with pulsated rise in the Kawagarh *** Kawagarh Formation carbonates show an overall Transgressive Systems Tract(TST).The Kawagarh Formation of Pakistan evinces analogous characteristics to that of the Late Cretaceous Gurpi Formation of Iran based on the geologic age,outcrop lithology,microfacies,planktonic foraminiferal assemblages,depositional setting and sequence stratigraphy.

关键词： depositional fabric biostratigraphy sequence stratigraphy Late Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation Pakistan Gurpi Formation Iran