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Dynamic flexural strength of Aluminosilicate glass with a perspective of impulsive and quasi-impulsive responses: An experimental-numerical coupled evaluation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第12期37卷 388-403页

作者： muhammad Aamir RAZA Tao SUO Uzair Ahmed DAR muhammad ATIF muhammad zakir sheikh School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Joint International Research Center of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Engineering Application Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

The flexural strength of glass is a critical design parameter for applications encountering impact ***,the micro defects,specimen geometry,loading rate,and load transformation from a quasi-dynamic to quasi-impulsive state may influence the measurement *** to the stochastic and amorphous nature of the material,an accurate determination of the flexural strength remains a *** this two-fold study,a coupled experimental-numerical strategy was devised to evaluate the dynamic flexural *** the first phase,three-point bending experiments were conducted on a novel“Electromagnetic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(ESHPB)”.The incident stress signal and fracture time were recorded from experimental data,while the flexural strength was indirectly computed from a numerical algorithm.A quantitative comparison of the flexural strength with those in existing literature established the accuracy of the proposed *** of the study indicate that the specimen response became independent of the support conditions under impulsive *** being said,the specimen behaved like it had an infinite span length,and the measured flexural strength remained the same whether the specimen was supported or ***,the specimen also maintained contact at the interfaces of the incident bar and fixture supports for the entire loading *** the second part of this study,the computed flexural strength was used to calibrate the existing JH-2 *** prediction of the damage propagation corroborated with that obtained from reprography images,though *** work presents a precise and robust methodology to determine the dynamic flexural strength of brittle ceramics like Aluminosilicate glass over traditional experimental procedures to facilitate its adoption.

关键词： Dynamic flexural strength Damage mechanism Flexural fracture Numerical simulation Aluminosilicate glass

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Risk of “On Job Non Compliance” towards Various COVID-19 Standard &Transmission Based Infection Prevention &Control Measures/Precautions among the Healthcare Workers Working in OPD Settings of Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Quetta Balochistan (Prospective Cohort Study)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 390-401页

作者： muhammad Arif muhammad Abdullah Abid Saeed Ambreen Chaudhary zakir Hussain Ayesha Babar Kawish Mir Abdul Qadir sheikh Ahmed Saher Sultan Zubair Ahmed Khoso Zahra Gauhar Tahira Kamal Ehsan Larik Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Health WHO Quetta Pakistan Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Department of Health PIO Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health IPH Quetta Quetta Pakistan Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry AMC NUMS Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health BMC Quetta Pakistan Department of Health DG Health Office Quetta Pakistan

Background: COVID-19 Pandemic is still circulating within the human population and proving to be a deadlier disease with a mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 7%. Since COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease;there is always a probability for its outward spread towards the general public and community from the hospitals and healthcare facilities where they come to seek treatment. Methodology: A prospective cohort study design was used, considering the limited available resources and time—a total of 200 healthcare workers (including doctors, nurses, para-medical staff, janitorial staff, reception staff & pharmacists) working in the OPDs of the two major public sector hospitals of Quetta were made part of this study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and selection was made from the daily attendance register. The study participants from “Hospital-A” were first of all educated and trained on various COVID-19 IPC measures later on various COVID-19-IEC materials;written in simple Urdu language, were displayed clearly everywhere in the OPD. Similarly, handwashing stations along with hand sanitizers/soaps and surgical face masks were also made available free of cost for all the study participants of Hospital-A. Moreover the importance and effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures were continuously announced in the OPD gallery of Hospital-A, these announcements used simple wording in local languages (i.e., Urdu, Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi). On the other hand, in the OPD of “Hospital-B”, no such interventions were made. The study participants of both the hospitals were followed for one month and observations like which group showed more on-job noncompliance towards various COVID-19 IPC measures were recorded. The data was recorded on daily basis (from 1st May-to-31st May 2021) after observing the study participants for compliance towards using face masks, face shields,

关键词： COVID-19 IPC Measures IEC & BCC Materials

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An Investigation into Infection Prevention and Control Practices among Close Contacts of COVID-19 Positive Cases Identified during Trace Test and Quarantine Activities at District Quetta (Unmatched Case-Control Study)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 360-370页

作者： muhammad Arif Abid Saeed muhammad Abdullah Ambreen Chaudhary zakir Hussain Mirza Zeeshan Iqbal Baig Zubair Ahmed Khoso Mir Abdul Qadir sheikh Ahmed Saher Sultan Zahra Gauhar Ayesha Babar Kawish Ehsan Larik Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Quetta Pakistan Department of Health WHO Quetta Pakistan Department of Health FELTP Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan Department of Health IPH Quetta Quetta Pakistan Department of Community & Preventive Dentistry AMC NUMS Rawalpindi Pakistan Department of Health BMC Quetta Pakistan Department of Health PIO Rawalpindi Pakistan

The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has started globally, right now 220 countries are infected and a total of 71,351,695 confirmed cases and 1,612,372 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures for COVID-19 all have proved vital in decreasing the transmission rates among the communities. Methodology: Unmatched Case-Control Study was conducted where cases were defined as “every PCR positive contact (symptomatic or asymptomatic) for any index case” similarly controls were defined as “every PCR negative contact (symptomatic or asymptomatic) for any index case who was home quarantined for 14 days based on suspicion by PDSRU team”. A simple random technique was used and 300 individuals were made part of this study. Results: The major findings of this study shows that PCR positive contacts poorly adopted certain COVID-19 IPC measures of interest in their daily life hence got infected. The odds for all the variables of interest were found to be statistically significant among cases as compared to controls like the odds for knowingly and intentionally contacted with a COVID-19 positive case was 13.7 times more among the PCR positive contacts as compare to PCR negative contacts (p = 0.00, C.I = 7.62 - 24.90), similarly, the odds of being a family member of the index COVID-19 case was 7.07 times more among the PCR positive contacts as compared to the PCR negative contacts (p = 0.00, C.I = 3.25 - 15.86). Conclusion: Before the development and availability of a vaccine, the only tools that can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 are IPC measures.

关键词： COVID-19 IPC Measures Contact PCR PDSRU

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Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG) is a Reliable Biomarker to Predict Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第11期8卷 124-136页

作者： Sania Hossain Suraya Sultana Khan Md. Shahariar Zaman Sabrina Shafiq A. K. M. Shahidur Rahman Shah Md. zakir Hossain Saiful Islam Mahammod Selim Uddin Md. Omar Faroque Sheuly Ferdoushi Debatosh Paul Md. Quddusur Rahman Department of Cytopathology National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) Dhaka Bangladesh Laboratory Services Division Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Laboratory Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Nephrology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Hepatology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Medicine Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) Mymensingh Bangladesh

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease worldwide. There is no specific biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Trigly-ceride and glucose index (TyG) may predict the subsequent occurrence of NAFLD in later life. This cross sectional study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) as a possible biomarker of NAFLD. The study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 124 subjects were taken as study population following selection criteria. Among them 62 were diagnosed patients of NAFLD and 62 were healthy subjects as control group. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and serum triglyceride was measured by enzymatic-colorimetric method, while TyG index was calculated accordingly. The mean age was 39.5 ± 11.27 years in NAFLD patients and 37.10 ± 12.28 years in control subjects with male female ratio 1:1.7 and 1:1.8 respectively. Major portion of NAFLD patients (62.9%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). The mean fasting plasma glucose level was 5.73 ± 1.47 mmol/L in NAFLD patients and 5.27 ± 0.69 mmol/L in control group (p < 0.027). The mean serum triglyceride level was 237.19 ± 96.47 mg/dl in NAFLD patients and 117.32 ± 53.07 mg/dl in control group (p < 0.001). The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) was 9.36 ± 0.47 in NAFLD group and 8.53 ± 0.42 in control group. TyG index was significantly higher in NAFLD patients in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, cut off value of TyG index was 8.85 with sensitivity 93.5% and specificity 79%. As a fast and effective method, TyG index can be used as a diagnostic tool to predict NAFLD.

关键词： Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Plasma Glucose Serum Triglyceride Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG)

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Non-Diabetic Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Proteinuria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第12期7卷 68-78页

作者： Manik Chandra Mondal Rana Mokarrom Hossain K. B. M. Hadiuzzaman Md. Omar Faroque Shah Md. zakir Hossain A. K. M. Shahidur Rahman Fahad Al Shatil Ashrafee Popy Sarker Abu Zafor Md. Salahuddin Mohammad Kamrul Ahsan Department of Nephrology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopaedics Dhaka Dental College and Hospital (DDCH) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Nephrology Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) Mymensingh Bangladesh Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (HFRCMCH) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Although DM with proteinuria is the ultimate result of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a wide spectrum of non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD) can occur in such patients. Objective: To observe the frequency and histological pattern of NDRD in diabetic patients with proteinuria and to explore their association with clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from April 2016 to September 2017. In this study a total of 38 cases of DM with proteinuria (>1 gm/24-hour) were selected purposively. Renal biopsy was done in all patients. Based on histological findings they were categorized into two groups;Group 1 with NDRD and Group II with DN. Their clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed and compared. Results: Among the total study subjects, 21 (55.3%) were male and 17 (44.7%) were female, mean (±SD) age 43.45 ± 9.99 years in the NDRD group and 41.57 ± 9.50 years in the DN group. Thirty one cases (81.6%) out of thirty eight had NDRD and seven (18.4%) cases had isolated DN;therefore more than two third cases had NDRD. Duration of DM was found to be significantly shorter (p = 0.004) in the NDRD group. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 12.9% cases in NDRD group vs. 57.1% cases in DN group (p = 0.025). Frequency of microscopic hematuria was significantly higher (90.3%) in NDRD patients (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The frequency of NDRD in type 2 diabetic patients other than diabetic nephropathy is relatively high. Membrano proliferative glomeru-lonephritis and membranous nephropathy are more common in NDRD. Absence of diabetic retinopathy, presence of hematuria and shorter duration of DM are markers associated with NDRD in type 2 DM, which are important indicators for renal biopsy in diabetic patients with proteinuria.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) Non-Diabetic Renal Disease (NDRD) Renal Biopsy

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