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Local-Tetra-Patterns for Face Recognition Encoded on Spatial Pyramid Matching

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5039-5058页

作者： Khuram Nawaz Khayam Zahid Mehmood Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry muhammad usman ashraf usman Tariq Mohammed Nawaf Altouri Khalid Alsubhi Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Electronics Information and BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoMilano20122Italy Department of Computer Science University of Management and TechnologySialkotPakistan College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj16278Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh13318Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Face recognition is a big challenge in the research field with a lot of problems like misalignment,illumination changes,pose variations,occlusion,and *** a single solution to solve all these problems at a time is a challenging *** have put some effort to provide a solution to solving all these issues by introducing a face recognition model based on local tetra patterns and spatial pyramid *** technique is based on a procedure where the input image is passed through an algorithm that extracts local features by using spatial pyramid matching ***,the input image is recognized using a robust kernel representation method using extracted *** qualitative and quantitative analysis of the proposed method is carried on benchmark image *** results showed that the proposed method performs better in terms of standard performance evaluation parameters as compared to state-of-the-art methods on AR,ORL,LFW,and FERET face recognition datasets.

关键词： Face recognition local tetra patterns spatial pyramid matching robust kernel representation max-pooling

Optimized Evaluation of Mobile Base Station by Modern Topological Invariants

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 363-378页

作者： Khalid Hamid muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad usman ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Due to a tremendous increase in mobile traffic,mobile operators have started to restructure their networks to offload their *** directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future Fifthgeneration(5G)cellular *** the formal reason,the study solves the physical network of the mobile base station for the prediction of the best characteristics to develop an enhanced network with the help of graph *** number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph *** the last two decades,innumerable numerical graph invariants have been portrayed and used for correlation *** any case,no efficient assessment has been embraced to choose,how much these invariants are connected with a network *** paper will talk about two unique variations of the hexagonal graph with great capability of forecasting in the field of optimized mobile base station topology in setting with physical *** K-banhatti sombor invariants(KBSO)and Contrharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are newly introduced and have various expectation characteristics for various variations of hexagonal graphs or *** the hexagonal networks are used in mobile base stations in layered,forms called *** review settled the topology of a hexagon of two distinct sorts with two invariants KBSO and CQIs and their reduced *** deduced outcomes can be utilized for the modeling of mobile cellular networks,multiprocessors interconnections,microchips,chemical compound synthesis and memory interconnection *** results find sharp upper bounds and lower bounds of the honeycomb network to utilize the Mobile base station network(MBSN)for the high load of traffic and minimal traffic also.

关键词： Hexagonal networks k-banhatti sombor invariants maple network graph artificial intelligence contraharmonic-quadratic invariants honeycomb

Ontology Driven Testing Strategies for IoT Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5855-5869页

作者： muhammad Raza Naqvi muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad usman ashraf Shafiq Ahmad Ahmed T.Soliman Shahzada Khurram muhammad Shafiq Jin-Ghoo Choi INP-ENIT University of ToulouseTarbes65000France Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan University of Management and Technology Sialkot CampusPakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Internet-of-Things(IoT)has attained a major share in embedded software *** new era of specialized intelligent systems requires adaptation of customized software engineering ***,software engineering has merged the development phases with the technologies provided by industrial *** improvements are still required in testing phase for the software developed to IoT *** research aims to assist in developing the testing strategies for IoT applications,therein ontology has been adopted as a knowledge representation technique to different software engineering *** proposed ontological model renders 101 methodology by using Protégé.After completion,the ontology was evaluated in three-dimensional view by the domain experts of software testing,IoT and ontology *** results of the research are showed in interest of the specialists regarding proposed ontology development and suggestions for *** Proposed reasoning-based ontological model for development of testing strategies in IoT application contributes to increase the general understanding of tests in addition to assisting for the development of testing strategies for different IoT devices.

关键词： Ontology software testing internet of things automation

Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2967-2984页

作者： Gulzar Ahmed Tahir Alyas muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad usman ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays,including shopping malls,banks,educational institutes,*** is the national language of Pakistan,and it is the fourth spoken language in the ***,it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive *** paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition(UHAR)offline and online *** research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset(aka UHDS)to empower future works in this *** offline systems,optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets,while diagonal-based extraction methods are implemented in online ***,our research tackled the issue concerning the lack of comprehensive and standard Urdu alphabet datasets to empower research activities in the area of Urdu text *** this end,we collected 1000 handwritten samples for each alphabet and a total of 38000 samples from 12 to 25 age groups to train our CNN model using online and offline ***,we carried out detailed experiments for character recognition,as detailed in the *** proposed CNN model outperformed as compared to previously published approaches.

关键词： Urdu handwritten text recognition handwritten dataset convolutional neural network artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning

K-Banhatti Sombor Invariants of Certain Computer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 15-31页

作者： Khalid Hamid muhammad Waseem Iqbal Abaid Ur Rehman Virk muhammad usman ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SialkotSialkot51013Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called a graph *** the last twenty years’countless mathematical graph invariants have been characterized and utilized for correlation ***,no reliable examination has been embraced to decide,how much these invariants are related with a network graph or molecular *** this paper,it will discuss three different variants of bridge networks with good potential of prediction in the field of computer science,mathematics,chemistry,pharmacy,informatics and biology in context with physical and chemical structures and networks,because k-banhatti sombor invariants are freshly presented and have numerous prediction qualities for different variants of bridge graphs or *** study solved the topology of a bridge graph/networks of three different types with two invariants KBanhatti Sombor Indices and its reduced *** deduced results can be used for the modeling of computer networks like Local area network(LAN),Metropolitan area network(MAN),and Wide area network(WAN),backbone of internet and other networks/structures of computers,power generation,bio-informatics and chemical compounds synthesis.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants k-banhatti sombor indices maple network graph molecular graph

Leaching Fraction (LF) of Irrigation Water for Saline Soils Using Machine Learning

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1915-1930页

作者： Rab Nawaz Bashir Imran Sarwar Bajwa muhammad Waseem Iqbal muhammad usman ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel ABahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science and IT Islamia University BahawalpurPakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in *** is a major threat to agriculture *** irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation *** the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)*** relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be deﬁned by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)***-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity *** proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)*** validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm *** applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.

关键词： Leaching fraction saline soil evapotranspiration machine learning calibrated evapotranspiration artiﬁcial intelligence blaney criddle method

MagneFi: Multiuser, Multi-Building and Multi-Floor Geomagnetic Field Dataset for Indoor Positioning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1747-1768页

作者： Imran ashraf muhammad usman Ali Soojung Hur Gunzung Kim Yongwan Park Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan-si38541Korea Department of Computer Science University of GujratGujrat50700Pakistan

Indoor positioning and localization have emerged as a potential research area during the last few years owing to the wide proliferation of smartphones and the inception of location-attached services for the consumer *** to the importance of precise location information,several positioning technologies are adopted such as Wi-Fi,ultrawideband,infrared,radio frequency identification,Bluetooth beacons,pedestrian dead reckoning,and magnetic field,*** Wi-Fi and magnetic field-based positioning are more attractive concerning the deployment of Wi-Fi access points and ubiquity of magnetic field data,the latter is preferred as it does not require any additional infrastructure as other approaches *** the advantages of magnetic field positioning,comparing the performance of positioning and localization algorithms is very difficult due to the lack of good public datasets that cover various aspects of the magnetic field *** datasets do not provide the data to analyze the impact of device heterogeneity,user heights,and time-specific magnetic field ***,multi-floor and multibuilding data are available for the evaluation of state-of-the-art *** overcome the above-mentioned issues,this study presents multi-user,multidevice,multi-building magnetic field data which is collected over a longer *** dataset contains the data from five different smartphones including Samsung Galaxy S8,S9,A8,LG G6,and LG G7 for three geographically separated *** users including one female and two males collected the data for various path geometry and data collection ***,the data contains the magnetic field samples collected on stairs to test multifloor *** the magnetic field data,the data from inertial measurement unit sensors like the accelerometer,motion sensors,and barometer is provided as well.

关键词： Magnetic field dataset magnetic-field based positioning smartphone sensors benchmark analysis indoor positioning and localization

Fake News Classification: Past, Current, and Future

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2225-2249页

作者： muhammad usman Ghani Khan Abid Mehmood Mourad Elhadef Shehzad ashraf Chaudhry Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54890Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Abu Dhabi UniversityAbu Dhabi59911United Arab Emirates Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureNisantasi UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The proliferation of deluding data such as fake news and phony audits on news web journals,online publications,and internet business apps has been aided by the availability of the web,cell phones,and social *** can quickly fabricate comments and news on social *** most difficult challenge is determining which news is real or ***,tracking down programmed techniques to recognize fake news online is *** an emphasis on false news,this study presents the evolution of artificial intelligence techniques for detecting spurious social media *** study shows past,current,and possible methods that can be used in the future for fake news *** different publicly available datasets containing political news are utilized for performing *** supervised learning algorithms are used,and their results show that conventional Machine Learning(ML)algorithms that were used in the past perform better on shorter text *** contrast,the currently used Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)and transformer-based algorithms perform better on longer ***,a brief comparison of all these techniques is provided,and it concluded that transformers have the potential to revolutionize Natural Language Processing(NLP)methods in the near future.

关键词： Supervised learning algorithms fake news classification online disinformation transformers recurrent neural network(RNN)disinformation transformers recurrent neural network(RNN)

Ontological Model for Cohesive Smart Health Services Management

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3679-3695页

作者： muhammad Raza Naqvi muhammad Waseem Iqbal Syed Khuram Shahzad M.usman ashraf Khalid Alsubhi Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali Le Laboratoire Génie de Production de l’École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tarbes(LGP-INP-ENIT) Universitéde ToulouseCEDEXTarbes65016France Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore53700Pakistan Department of Informatics&Systems University of Management&TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Management and TechnologySialkot51310Pakistan Department of Computer Science King Abdul-Aziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia

Health care has become an essential social-economic concern for all stakeholders(e.g.,patients,doctors,hospitals etc.),health needs,private care and the elderly class of *** massive increase in the usage of health care Internet of things(IoT)applications has great technological evolvement in human *** are various smart health care services like remote patient monitoring,diagnostic,disease-specific remote treatments and *** applications are available in a split fashion and provide solutions for variant diseases,medical resources and remote service *** main objective of this research is to provide a management platform where all these services work as a single unit to facilitate the *** ontological model of integrated healthcare services is proposed by getting requirements from various existing healthcare *** were 26 smart health care services and 26 smart health care services to classify the knowledge-based ontological *** proposed ontological model is derived from different classes,relationships,and constraints to integrate health care *** model is developed using Protégébased on each interrelated/correlated health care service having different *** querying SPARQL protocol and RDF query language(SPARQL)were used for knowledge *** Pellet Reasoner is used to check the validity and relations coherency of the proposed ontology *** to other smart health care services integration systems,the proposed ontological model provides more cohesiveness.

关键词： Ontology internet of things smart health services integration