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Multi-Elemental Chemostratigraphy,Sequence Development,Depositional History,and Environmental Importance of Early Eocene Red Beds(Kuldana Formation)in NW Himalayas,Pakistan

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 349-375页

作者： Amir Shahzad George Kontakiotis Thierry Adatte Khawaja Shoaib Ahmed muhammad tayyib riaz Hammad Tariq Janjuhah Evangelia Besiou Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology Faculty of Geology and GeoenvironmentSchool of Earth SciencesNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografou15784Greece Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) University of LausanneLausanneCH-1015Switzerland Department of Geology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalPeshawar18050Pakistan

The Eocene Kuldana Formation(KF)in the Yadgar area of Pakistan,comprises a diverse range of sedimentary facies,including variegated red beds of shales,mudstones,and sandstones,as well as interbedded limestone and *** this study,we conducted an integrated micropaleontological,sedimentological,mineralogical,and geochemical investigation to determine the depositional setting,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of the *** study identified six lithofacies and six microfacies,which indicate a variety of environments ranging from floodplains and channels to the margins and shallow marine *** nannofossil biostratigraphy places the KF in the Early Eocene,more precisely the NP10 zone(Ypresian),and the fossil zone of benthic foraminifera classifies the study section as the Shallow Benthic Zone SBZ-8(Middle Ilerdian 2).In terms of petrography,the KF sandstone was classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite,while the QtFL diagram suggests a recycled *** proxies indicate an oxidizing environment,a high-to-low regular sedimentation rate,moderate-to-intense chemical weathering in the source region,and a warm-humid to dry climate during the deposition of ***,the findings suggest that the deposition of KF marks the end of Neo-Tethys due to the Early Eocene Indian–Kohistan collision and that the uplifting of the Himalayas provided the source for the deposition of KF in the foreland *** study provides new insights into the depositional environment,biochronology,provenance,and paleoclimate of KF,and highlights the potential for red beds as reliable indicators of oxygenation levels in proximity to mineral deposits.

关键词： sedimentary microfacies Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum stratigraphic correlations paleoenvironmental reconstruction nannofossils paleontology

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Regolith thickness modeling using a GIS approach for landslide distribution analysis, NW Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2466-2479页

作者： muhammad BASHARAT Masood QASIM muhammad SHAFIQUE Nasir HAMEED muhammad tayyib riaz muhammad Rustam KHAN Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir National Center of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Land Use Planning and Development Department Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Regolith thickness is considered as a contributing factor for the occurrence of ***, mostly it is ignored because of complex nature and as it requires more time and resources for investigation. This study aimed to appraise the role of regolith thickness on landslide distribution in the Muzaffarabad and surrounding areas, NW *** this purpose regolith thickness samples were evenly collected from all the lithological units at representative sites within different slope and elevation classes in the field. Topographic attributes(slope, aspect, drainage, Topographic Wetness Index,elevation and curvature) were derived from the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)(12.5 m resolution).Arc GIS Model Builder was used to develop the regolith thickness model. Stepwise regression technique was used to explore the spatial variation of regolith thickness using topographic attributes and lithological units. The derived model explains about 88% regolith thickness variation. The model was validated and shows good agreement(70%) between observed and predicted values. Subsequently, the derived regolith model was used to understand the relationship between regolith thickness and landslide distribution. The analysis shows that most of the landslides were located within 1-5 m regolith thickness. However, landslide concentration is highest within 5-10 m regolith thickness, which shows that regolith thickness played a significant role for the occurrence of landslide in the studied area.

关键词： Regolith GIS Regression Landslides Himalayas

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ROBO-SPOT:Detecting Robocalls by Understanding User Engagement and Connectivity Graph

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 340-356页

作者： muhammad Ajmal Azad Junaid Arshad Farhan riaz College of Comnputer Science Birmingham City UniversityBirminghamB55JUUK School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincolnLN67TSUK

Robo or unsolicited calls have become a persistent issue in telecommunication networks,posing significant challenges to individuals,businesses,and regulatory *** calls not only trick users into disclosing their private and financial information,but also affect their productivity through unwanted phone ringing.A proactive approach to identify and block such unsolicited calls is essential to protect users and service providers from potential ***,this paper proposes a solution to identify robo-callers in the telephony network utilising a set of novel features to evaluate the trustworthiness of callers in a *** trust score of the callers is then used along with machine learning models to classify them as legitimate or *** use a large anonymized dataset(call detailed records)from a large telecommunication provider containing more than 1 billion records collected over 10 *** have conducted extensive evaluation demonstrating that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy and detection rate whilst minimizing the error ***,the proposed features when used collectively achieve a true-positive rate of around 97%with a false-positive rate of less than 0.01%.

关键词： social network analysis reputation unwanted calls robo-callers telephone network Spam Over Internet Technology(SPIT)

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Elevating Image Steganography:A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2923-2943页

作者： muhammad Zaman Ali Omer riaz Hafiz muhammad Hasnain Waqas Sharif Tenvir Ali Gyu Sang Choi Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Computer Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan School of Computer Science and Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongbuk38541Korea

In today’s rapidly evolving landscape of communication technologies,ensuring the secure delivery of sensitive data has become an essential *** overcome these difficulties,different steganography and data encryption methods have been proposed by researchers to secure *** of the proposed steganography techniques achieve higher embedding capacities without compromising visual imperceptibility using LSB *** this work,we have an approach that utilizes a combinationofMost SignificantBit(MSB)matching andLeast Significant Bit(LSB)*** proposed algorithm divides confidential messages into pairs of bits and connects them with the MSBs of individual pixels using pair matching,enabling the storage of 6 bits in one pixel by modifying a maximum of three *** proposed technique is evaluated using embedding capacity and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)score,we compared our work with the Zakariya scheme the results showed a significant increase in data concealment *** achieved results of ourwork showthat our algorithmdemonstrates an improvement in hiding capacity from11%to 22%for different data samples while maintaining a minimumPeak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)of 37 *** findings highlight the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the proposed algorithm in securing the communication process and maintaining visual integrity.

关键词： Steganography most significant bit(MSB) least significant bit(LSB) peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)

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Optimization Algorithms of PERT/CPM Network Diagrams in Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Environment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1095-1118页

作者： Mani Parimala Karthikeyan Prakash Ashraf Al-Quran muhammad riaz Saeid Jafari Department of Mathematics Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalamTamil Nadu638401India Basic Sciences Department Preparatory Year DeanshipKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Vestsjaelland South Herrestraede 11Slagelse4200Denmark

The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under *** activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representation procedures approach are initially static,but in the Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)approach,they are *** study proposes a novel way of project review and assessment methodology for a project network in a linear Diophantine fuzzy(LDF)*** LDF expected task time,LDF variance,LDF critical path,and LDF total expected time for determining the project network are all computed using LDF numbers as the time of each activity in the project *** primary premise of the LDF-PERT approach is to address ambiguities in project network activity timesmore simply than other approaches such as conventional PERT,Fuzzy PERT,and so *** LDF-PERT is an efficient approach to analyzing symmetries in fuzzy control systems to seek an optimal *** also present a new approach for locating LDF-CPM in a project network with uncertain and erroneous activity *** the available resources and activity times are imprecise and unpredictable,this strategy can help decision-makers make better judgments in a project.A comparison analysis of the proposed technique with the existing techniques has also been *** suggested techniques are demonstrated with two suitable numerical examples.

关键词： Linear Diophantine fuzzy graphs project management PERT CPM linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers score function accuracy function

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Morpho-anatomical adaptations of dominantly grown wild Datura inoxia to wastewater resource:Productivity and ecological issues

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 248-258页

作者： Taimoor Hassan Farooq Shagufta Jabeen Awais Shakoor muhammad Saleem Arif Nadia Siddique Khuram Shahzad muhammad Umair riaz Yong Li Bangor College China a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina Department of Botany The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Environmental Sciences Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Forestry Rangeand Wildlife ManagementThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004HunanChina

With the increasing global water scarcity,wastewater irrigation has become widespread,but it can have detrimental ecological *** wastewater contains valuable nutrients for plants,improper treatment or the use of untreated wastewater in irrigation can negatively impact soil fertility and plant *** study is divided into two parts:firstly,a phytosociological survey was conducted to identify plant species with the highest importance value index(IVI)in the vicinity of wastewaterirrigated ***,a comparative morpho-anatomical analysis was carried out to investigate the morpho-anatomical adaptations of the species with the highest IVI under wastewater irrigation compared to normal water *** results of the phytosociological survey revealed the presence of 51 plant species in the vicinity of the wastewater-irrigated areas,with varying relative densities and *** inoxia exhibited the highest IVI(28.79),followed by Xanthium strumarium(24.34),while Lippia nodiflora showed the lowest IVI(1.86).The morphological growth of *** was superior under normal water irrigation,but the average root length was greater under wastewater *** cell anatomy,cell thickness and cell area characteristics in the dermal,ground,and vascular tissues of the stem and root tended to be greater under wastewater ***,the opposite trend was observed in leaf anatomical analysis,possibly due to the combined effect of wastewater and climatic *** and root xylem thickness were greater under wastewater irrigation,whereas phloem thickness was higher under normal water *** number of vascular bundles in the stem,root,and leaf was higher under wastewater treatment compared to normal water irrigation,but their arrangement was circular in the latter and scattered under wastewater *** inoxia demonstrated strong adaptive potential under wastewater irrigation,as indicated by its highest relative d

关键词： Water pollution Phytosociology Structural growth Phytoremediation Agricultural irrigation Ecological concerns

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An Innovative Approach Using TKN-Cryptology for Identifying the Replay Assault

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 589-616页

作者： Syeda Wajiha Zahra muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman riaz muhammad Abu Bakr Ashit Kumar Dutta Zaid Alzaid Badr Almutairi Sultan Almotairi Department of Computer Science Alhamd Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information SystemsIslamic University of MadinahMedinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Various organizations store data online rather than on physical *** the number of user’s data stored in cloud servers increases,the attack rate to access data from cloud servers also *** researchers worked on different algorithms to protect cloud data from replay *** of the papers used a technique that simultaneously detects a full-message and partial-message replay *** study presents the development of a TKN(Text,Key and Name)cryptographic algorithm aimed at protecting data from replay *** program employs distinct ways to encrypt plain text[P],a user-defined Key[K],and a Secret Code[N].The novelty of the TKN cryptographic algorithm is that the bit value of each text is linked to another value with the help of the proposed algorithm,and the length of the cipher text obtained is twice the length of the original *** the scenario that an attacker executes a replay attack on the cloud server,engages in cryptanalysis,or manipulates any data,it will result in automated modification of all associated values inside the *** mechanism has the benefit of enhancing the detectability of replay ***,the attacker cannot access data not included in any of the papers,regardless of how effective the attack strategy *** the end of paper,the proposed algorithm’s novelty will be compared with different algorithms,and it will be discussed how far the proposed algorithm is better than all other algorithms.

关键词： Replay attack malware message attack file encryption cryptology data security

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Comparative analysis of SIMILAR to RCD ONE(SRO)family from tetraploid cotton species and their diploid progenitors depict their significance in cotton growth and development

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 45-57页

作者： SHABAN muhammad TABASSUM riaz RANA Iqrar Ahmad ATIF Rana muhammad AZMAT muhammad Abubakkar IQBAL Zubair MAJEED Sajid AZHAR muhammad Tehseen Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus BurewalaVehari 61010Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Precision Agriculture and Analytics Lab National Centre in Big Data and Cloud ComputingCentre for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenan 455000China Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department Ministry of National Food Security and ResearchIslamabad 44090Pakistan School of Agriculture Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental ***,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so *** A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton *** analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct *** and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,*** duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO *** promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and *** miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO ***-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more *** addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental *** The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.

关键词： Cotton SRO miRNAs Gene duplications Gene expression Ovule development

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Efect of Thermal Annealing on the Physical Properties of Zn_(1-x)Cu_xSe Thin Films Deposited by Close Spaced Sublimation Technique

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第6期26卷 699-706页

作者： muhammad Arslan riaz muhammad Arshad Mahmood Rashad Rasheed Department of Applied Physics Federal Urdu University of ArtsSciences and Technology National Institute of Lasers and Optronics

Thin films of Zn1-xCuxSe （x= 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20） were grown on glass substrates by closed space sublimation technique. The deposited films were annealed at 200 ~C and 400 ~C in air for 1 h. The annealed samples have been investigated through Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy （RBS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, spectroscopic ellipsometer, spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopy. Through RBS, the composition of the films was calculated and compared with the initial concentration. Structural characteriza- tion including crystal structure, crystal orientation, lattice parameter, grain size, strain and dislocation density were carried out using XRD data. From XRD spectra it was revealed that the as-deposited and annealed films were polycrystalline in nature with zinc-blende structure. However, the crystallinity and the grain size were improved with the increase of annealing temperature. According to Raman spectroscopy, it was observed that as deposited and annealed samples have the same characteristic vibrational modes of ZnSe at low and high frequency optical phonon modes while another mode was observed for 400 ℃ annealed samples at 745 cm-1. Spectroscopic ellipsometer has been used to found annealing effect on the optical properties of ZnSe. The band gap energy has been determined using transmission spectra. It was found that the band gap energy of the film increased with the increase of annealing temperature.

关键词： Closed space sublimation Annealing effect Structural Transmission Band gap Spectroscopic ellipsometer Raman spectroscopy

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Principal Component Analysis and Minimum Description Length Criterion Based on Through-Wall Image Enhancement

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第4期30卷 45-47页

作者： muhammad Mohsin riaz Abdul Ghafoor Department of Electrical Engineering College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan

A through-wall image enhancement scheme is proposed based on principal component analysis and minimum description length *** minimum description length criterion is used with principal component analysis to extract target eigen *** proposed scheme is capable of extracting multiple targets from heavy cluttered through-wall *** results of the proposed scheme are compared with existing schemes on the basis of quantitative analysis and visual inspection.

关键词： criterion. Image scheme

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