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在小型对象的SSD中实现多层功能融合

在小型对象的SSD中实现多层功能融合

作者： Asaad talal khalid Mohammed 西安电子科技大学

学位级别：硕士

SSD（Single-Shot MultiBox Detector）是一种流行的目标检测方法。目前,利用卷积神经网络进行目标检测占据主导地位。然而,卷积神经网络在结构上存在固有的问题:高层网络接受域大,语义信息表示能力强,但分辨率低,几何细节信息弱。低层... 详细信息

SSD（Single-Shot MultiBox Detector）是一种流行的目标检测方法。目前,利用卷积神经网络进行目标检测占据主导地位。然而,卷积神经网络在结构上存在固有的问题:高层网络接受域大,语义信息表示能力强,但分辨率低,几何细节信息弱。低层网络的接收场相对较小,具有较强的几何细节信息表示能力。虽然分辨率越高,但语义信息表达能力越弱。SSD利用多尺度特征映射预测目标,同时利用接收场大的高层次特征信息预测大目标,对低层次特征信息的低接收场预测小目标。这就带来了一个问题:在利用低级网络特征信息预测小目标时,由于缺乏高级语义特征,SSD对小目标的检测效果较差。本文在分析和介绍经典的SSD算法的基础上,以快速检测小目标为目标,提出了一种基于精度与速度权衡的单点多盒探测器（SSD）的基本结构。为了提高对小目标的识别精度,提出了一种多层次特征融合的MSSD方法。具体来说,融合操作分为两个特征融合模块,级联模块和元素求和模块,在添加上下文信息的方式上有所不同。MSSD训练采用VGG16和深残差网络优化候选盒回归和分类任务输入特征映射,提高检测精度和检测速度。在残差网络的基础上,本文采用基于FPN的网络体系结构,对传统的采样结构进行了改进。将高层语义信息集成到底层网络特征信息中,丰富了预测回归定位框和分类任务输入的多尺度特征映射,提高了检测精度。在logo和VOC2007/2012数据集上进行了实验,这些数据集包含大量的小对象（50像素或更少的对象）。实验结果表明,这两个融合模块在PASCAL VOC2007和Logo数据集上的映射效果都优于基准SSD,特别是在一些小目标类别上。

关键词： Small object detection single shot multi-box detector MSSD feature fusion Feature Pyramid Networks real-time

Saudi Consensus on the Usage of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on the Management of Chronic Kidney Diseases

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023年第12期14卷 525-539页

作者： Abdulrahman Alsheikh Ahmed Aljedai Hajer Almudaiheem Salwa Alaidarous Ali Alshehri Hussein Elbadawi Saeed Alghamdi Faisal Aljehani Sami Alobaidi talal A. Altuwaijri khalid Almatham David Strain Marc Evans Emad R. Issak Saud Alsifri King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia Ministry of National Guards Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia My Clinic Jeddah Saudi Arabia College of Medicine University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK University Hospital Llandough Cardiff UK College of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Alhada Armed Forces Hospital Taif Saudi Arabia

According to recent epidemiological data, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) affect approximately 10% of the global population. Like many countries, CKD is a significant public health issue in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of CKD in Saudi Arabia is estimated to be around 4.5% of the adult population, with a higher prevalence in older age groups. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a class of oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, SGLT2i have been shown to have beneficial effects on kidney function in patients with or without T2DM. Therefore, a Saudi task force gathered to develop an explicit, evidence-based consensus on SGLT2i use in CKD Saudi patients. A panel of 14 experts made up a task force. An initial concept proposal was obtained. The proposal was divided into several topics discussed on 24 May 2023. A literature review was carried out. The literature search was completed on 3rd June 2023. A drafted report was distributed to the entire panel. Approval of the recommendations required consensus, defined as a majority approval (i.e. above 75%). The recommendations were revised to accommodate any differences of opinion until a consensus was reached. Recommendations were finally formulated on 21st June 2023. Subsequently, the panel reviewed and discussed the supporting rationale of the revised recommendations. This article presents these practical recommendations.

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Adverse Effects Monitoring Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin

The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Iraqi Corporations: A Literature Review

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2019年第1期15卷 28-33页

作者： Anmar Adnan Khudhair Norlia Mat Norwani Azam Abdel Hakeem khalid Ahmed talal Mohammed Aljajawy University Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia Talal Mohammed Aljajawy University of Karbala Kerbala Iraq Department of Accounting Faculty of Management and Economics University of Karbala Kerbala Iraq

This paper aims to explore past researches that examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. The researcher intends to conduct researches that examine the relationship between CSR and financial performance in Iraq corporations. This paper highlights review of literatures from various countries that examine relationships between CSR with financial performance. This paper is based on secondary sources which are accumulated from many researches in Malaysia, Australia, UK, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nigerian, and Jordan. The study uses information generated from literature reviewed from different researchers relating to the topic. This method was applied by collecting information from journals and online sources relating to the issue under consideration. Regression analysis documents significant evidence to support a positive relationship between CSR and financial performance. Evidence suggests that CSR leads to good financial performance in Iraq corporations. Findings based on the review revealed that researchers also showed that there was a significant positive relationship between CSR practice and financial performance in Iraq corporations. This study focuses on disclosures made in the corporate annual reports. This is because the annual report is the common document produced by companies on a regular basis and is widely used in prior studies related to CSR. The study provides some important insights for our understanding of CSR in developing economies and its effects on financial performance in the context of Iraq companies.

关键词： corporate social responsibility financial performance Iraq stakeholder theory

Investigating Trend in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Its Association with Obesity in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) Countries from 1990 to 2019

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 221-230页

作者： Sarah Al-Gahtani talal Abozaid Saad Al-Gahtani Mohamed M. Shoukri Maha Aleid King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia King khalid University Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. Over three quarters of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. We have studied the pattern of mortality due to cardiovascular in the six countries of the Arabian Gulf and its association with obesity over the 29 years 1990 to 2019. Methods: We used the linear mixed effect models to investigate the pattern of CVD mortality over the year 1990 to 2019, together with the pattern of change in one of the most important risk factors that is obesity, and its association with CVD mortality over the same period. Conclusions: Although there were fluctuations in the pattern of mortality and the prevalence of obesity over the specified period, there has been a steady decline in the per-100,000 number of deaths and the prevalence of obesity. However, there was a strong association between the two variables. From the fitted models we estimated that a one percent increase in obesity is associated with an average increase in cardiovascular deaths of 2.7 deaths per 100,000.

关键词： Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Time Series Data Generalized Linear Mixed Models Predictive Analytics

Geologic and economic potentials of minerals and industrial rocks in Jordan

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 756-769页

作者： Hani Alnawafleh khalid Tarawneh Rami Alrawashdeh Department of Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan

This work discusses status of the geologic and economic potentials of minerals and industrial rocks in Jordan. The major mineral resources are presented in details and the paper is designed to cover the lack of published data in this field. Geologically, the structural framework of Jordan is controlled largely by Arabian Nubian Shield in the south, block—faulted areas in the east, upwarping in north and east, and Wadi Araba-Dead Sea Transform Fault in the western part. The geologic environments include Precambrian crystalline basement (Late Proterozoic) of Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) that is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks at south-western part. Paleozoic rocks at southern and southeastern part consist of clastic minerals which are dominated by sandstone, whereas Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are widespread throughout southwestern, northern to southeastern parts of the country. They mainly consist of major industrial rocks and minerals such as phosphate, oil shale, limestone, dolomite, chalk, marble, gypsum, diatomite and tripoli. Cenozoic Era is composed of sedimentary and volcanic rocks in different parts of Jordan. There are more than twenty nonmetallic minerals and four main metallic deposits within the various geologic environments. This paper summarizes their distribution, chemical and mineralogical characteristics, in addition to their production statistics.

关键词： Jordan Geology Industrial Minerals Metallic Minerals Mining

Geochemistry and Organic Petrography of Jordanian Sultani Oil Shale

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第10期6卷 1209-1220页

作者： Hani Alnawafleh khalid Tarawneh George Siavalas Kimon Christanis Andreas Iordanidis Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Department of Civil Engineering Isra University Amman Jordan Department of Geology University of Patras Patras Greece Shell Global Solutions International B.V Hague The Netherlands Department of Geotechnology and Environmental Engineering Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Western Macedonia Kila Kozani Greece

The Sultani oil shale (OS) deposit is considered as a major fossil fuel source in Jordan. Applying various petrographic and geochemical techniques, this paper aims to study the Sultani OS geochemical and organic petrographic features. Results show that Sultani OS is a bituminous limestone consisting of very fine-grained matrix with rippled micro-laminated texture and muddy material of cryptocrystalline micrite. The rock is rich in Cretaceous microfossil shells filled in organic matter (OM). The fillingOMis bitumen of the migrabitumen type. TheOMcontent reaches up to 17 wt.% with high oil-yielding capacity (up to 12 wt.%). High TOC values suggest that the Sultani OS has a very good source rock potential. Organic petrography shows lowOMmaturity level and reveals two varieties of vitrinite, namely primary and oxidized vitrinite. The latter is derived from terrestrial plant tissues. Additionally, liptinite macerals including alginite and to a lesser extent cutinite, also participate. Various diagenetic features such as pyrite replacement and bitumen thermal alteration have been recorded. Results suggest that Sultani OS is a marinite formed under marine conditions with limited contribution of terrestrialOMinput.

关键词： Oil Shale Jordan Bitumen Organic Matter Vitrinite Reflectance Macerals

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among exposed agro-pastoral communities in southern Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第12期12卷 545-551页

作者： Ahmed M.Al-Hakami Abdulah J.Alqahtani Riyad A.Moosa Sultan K.Kadasah talal Y.Gofashe Amer F.Binzafrah Abdulrahman M.Almobty Ihab Abdulrahim Abdullah M.Alkahtani Shehata F.Shehata Mohamed E.Hamid Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Level 12 MBBS Students College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Family and Community Medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Biostatistics High Institute of Public healthAlexandria UniversityEgypt Center of Tropical Diseases College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan, Saudi Arabia(October 2017-October 2018). Human serum samples(n=339) were initially screened for Brucella antibodies and positive samples were further titrated for Brucella antibodies by immunocapture assay(titer of ≥1:320 as positive). Animal samples(n=828) were screened using the Rose Bengal test. Relationship status was dichotomized to measure and predict independent contributions to variations in human using univariate and multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression model. Results: The rate of brucellosis among the 339 human samples in the two regions was 33.9%, and the rate of acute brucellosis was 12.4%. The rate of brucellosis in animals was 4.7%. Human brucellosis among the target groups was higher in northwestern Aseer(53.3%) compared to Southeastern Aseer(25.9%) and Jazan region(20.6%). The disease was more prevalent among non-Saudi nationals(35.2%) compared to Saudis(30.5%). The rate of brucellosis among butchers and shepherds was 37.5% and 37.2%, respectively. The rate of brucellosis was 37.8% in people over 30 years of age. Our univariate analysis showed that residing in Aseer region(OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.50-4.40), especially residing in northwestern Aseer region(OR: 4.40, 95% CI: 2.40-7.90), frequent consumption of raw meat(OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.50-5.50), shepherds(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.80-5.30), owning sheep(OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.10-4.40), daily contact with animals(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.75-5.80), and those > 30-year-old(OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.00-2.40) were significantly associated with increased risks of brucellosis. Our multivariate analysis further showed that residing in northwestern Aseer(OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 3.39-24.76) and having sheep(OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35) were significant and independent risks of brucellosis while residing in agricultural region(OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10-0.78) was

关键词： Undulant fever Zoonosis Serological assays Brucellosis Aseer

Fractional Yield, Extract Composition and Variability from Jordanian Oil Shales

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2016年第3期6卷 51-63页

作者： Hani M. Alnawafleh Feras Y. Fraige khalid E. Tarawneh Ibrahim A. Sarairahc Laila A. Al-Khatib Faculty of Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Al-Muzahmiayah Branch Faculty of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Isra University Amman Jordan Faculty of Science Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Surface and subsurface oil shale (OS) rocks in Jordan have potential economic value for the country and still unutilized. This research paper focuses on central and southern OS deposits in Jordan. Brief characterization of four OS deposits is presented. Size distribution test and elemental analysis were performed. Shale oil was extracted via three solvation methods: Soxhlet extraction, extraction via mixing and stirring, and lastly super-critical fluid extraction. Major shale oil fractions were obtained from extract fractionation on chromatographic column. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique was used to study qualitatively the fractional composition of OS extract. Results show that all studied OS deposits have quite similar trend in their particle size distribution and their elemental composition. These OS deposits are found to be varying in their solvation behavior, fractional yield, and shale oil composition. Highest yield is obtained from polar solvents. The OS extraction via solvation processes is promising under certain extraction conditions such as super-critical conditions. The solvation variability of Jordanian OS indicates that different extraction techniques suit different OS deposits. Such variability should be considered in any future extraction options.

关键词： Jordan Oil Shale Solvent Extraction Variability Fractional Yield

Dolomitization in Campanian Oil Shale Rocks from South-Western Jordan

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Open Journal of Geology 2015年第10期5卷 689-700页

作者： Hani M. Alnawafleh khalid E. Tarawneh Hani N. Khoury Nafeth A. Abdelhadi Osama Y. Shakkoury Reyad A. Dwairi Mazen N. Amaireh Faculty of Engineering Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma’an Jordan Faculty of Engineering Isra University Amman Jordan Department of Geology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Faculty of Engineering Technology Al Balqa Applied University Salt Jordan Natural Resources Authority Amman Jordan Faculty of Engineering Tafila Technical University Tafila Jordan

This work represents the first detailed study of an oil shale (OS) section from the Upper Campanian Amman Silicified Limestone (ASL) Formation in south-western part of Jordan. More than five meters of oil shale have been recorded. Using the petrography and geochemistry, this study aims to focus on such non-conventional types of oil shale rocks in Jordan and to shed some light on their composition and formational environment. Unlike oil shale from Maastrichtian to early Tertiary, this type of oil shale is highly dolomitized. The dolomite is diagenetic in origin. This oil shale type contains considerable amount of OM and remarkably enriched in some trace elements and shows quite low sulfur content. Results suggest that the formation of dolomite appears to be limited by the rate of organic matter oxidation.

关键词： Jordan Oil Shale Dolomitization Campanian