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A Novel Approach to Energy Optimization:Efficient Path Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Hybrid ANN

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2945-2970页

作者： muhammad salman Qamar Ihsan ulHaq Amil Daraz Atif MAlamri salman A.AlQahtani muhammad Fahad Munir Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan School of Information Science and Engineering NingboTech UniversityNingbo315100China Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia

In pursuit of enhancing the Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)energy efficiency and operational lifespan,this paper delves into the domain of energy-efficient routing protocols.InWSNs,the limited energy resources of Sensor Nodes(SNs)are a big challenge for ensuring their efficient and reliable operation.WSN data gathering involves the utilization of a mobile sink(MS)to mitigate the energy consumption problem through periodic network traversal.The mobile sink(MS)strategy minimizes energy consumption and latency by visiting the fewest nodes or predetermined locations called rendezvous points(RPs)instead of all cluster heads(CHs).CHs subsequently transmit packets to neighboring RPs.The unique determination of this study is the shortest path to reach RPs.As the mobile sink(MS)concept has emerged as a promising solution to the energy consumption problem in WSNs,caused by multi-hop data collection with static sinks.In this study,we proposed two novel hybrid algorithms,namely“ Reduced k-means based on Artificial Neural Network”(RkM-ANN)and“Delay Bound Reduced kmeans with ANN”(DBRkM-ANN)for designing a fast,efficient,and most proficient MS path depending upon rendezvous points(RPs).The first algorithm optimizes the MS’s latency,while the second considers the designing of delay-bound paths,also defined as the number of paths with delay over bound for the MS.Both methods use a weight function and k-means clustering to choose RPs in a way that maximizes efficiency and guarantees network-wide coverage.In addition,a method of using MS scheduling for efficient data collection is provided.Extensive simulations and comparisons to several existing algorithms have shown the effectiveness of the suggested methodologies over a wide range of performance indicators.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) mobile sink(MS) rendezvous point(RP) machine learning Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)

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A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Spectral Image Classification in Agricultural Applications Using Aerial Photography

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 2967-3000页

作者： Usman Khan muhammad Khalid Khan muhammad Ayub Latif muhammad Naveed muhammad Mansoor Alam salman A.Khan Mazliham Mohd Su’ud College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi Institute of Economics and TechnologyKarachi75190Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Informatics(FCI) Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia Faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityIslamabad46000Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology School of Computer ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia

Recently,there has been a notable surge of interest in scientific research regarding spectral images.The potential of these images to revolutionize the digital photography industry,like aerial photography through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs),has captured considerable attention.One encouraging aspect is their combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms,which have demonstrated remarkable outcomes in image classification.As a result of this powerful amalgamation,the adoption of spectral images has experienced exponential growth across various domains,with agriculture being one of the prominent beneficiaries.This paper presents an extensive survey encompassing multispectral and hyperspectral images,focusing on their applications for classification challenges in diverse agricultural areas,including plants,grains,fruits,and vegetables.By meticulously examining primary studies,we delve into the specific agricultural domains where multispectral and hyperspectral images have found practical use.Additionally,our attention is directed towards utilizing machine learning techniques for effectively classifying hyperspectral images within the agricultural context.The findings of our investigation reveal that deep learning and support vector machines have emerged as widely employed methods for hyperspectral image classification in agriculture.Nevertheless,we also shed light on the various issues and limitations of working with spectral images.This comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the current state of spectral imaging in agriculture and its potential for future advancements.

关键词： Machine learning deep learning unmanned aerial vehicles multi-spectral images image recognition object detection hyperspectral images aerial photography

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Genetics of biochemical attributes regulating morpho-physiology of upland cotton under high temperature conditions

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 29-44页

作者： MAJEED Sajid CHAUDHARY muhammad Tanees MUBARIK muhammad salman RANA Iqrar Ahmad SHABAN muhammad TAN Daniel KY JIA Yinhua DU Xiongming HINZE Lori AZHAR muhammad Tehseen Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department Ministry of National Food Security and ResearchIslamabad 44090Pakistan Horticultural Research Institute National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Biotechnology University of NarowalNarowal 51600Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus BurewalaVehariPakistan Faculty of Science School of Life and Environ-mental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteSydney Institute of AgricultureThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agri-cultural ScienceAnyang 455000China Agricultural Research Service USDASouthern Plains Agricultural Research CentreCollege StationTX 77845USA Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisal-abad 38400Pakistan School of Agriculture Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China.

Background Cotton is a strategically important fibre crop for global textile industry.It profoundly impacts several countries’industrial and agricultural sectors.Sustainable cotton production is continuously threatened by the unpre-dictable changes in climate,specifically high temperatures.Breeding heat-tolerant,high-yielding cotton cultivars with wide adaptability to be grown in the regions with rising temperatures is one of the primary objectives of modern cotton breeding programmes.Therefore,the main objective of the current study is to figure out the effective breed-ing approach to imparting heat tolerance as well as the judicious utilization of commercially significant and stress-tolerant attributes in cotton breeding.Initially,the two most notable heat-susceptible(FH-115 and NIAB Kiran)and tolerant(IUB-13 and GH-Mubarak)cotton cultivars were spotted to develop filial and backcross populations to accom-plish the preceding study objectives.The heat tolerant cultivars were screened on the basis of various morphological(seed cotton yield per plant,ginning turnout percentage),physiological(pollen viability,cell membrane thermostabil-ity)and biochemical(peroxidase activity,proline content,hydrogen peroxide content)parameters.Results The results clearly exhibited that heat stress consequently had a detrimental impact on every studied plant trait,as revealed by the ability of crossing and their backcross populations to tolerate high temperatures.However,when considering overall yield,biochemical,and physiological traits,the IUB-13×FH-115 cross went over particularly well at both normal and high temperature conditions.Moreover,overall seed cotton yield per plant exhibited a posi-tive correlation with both pollen viability and antioxidant levels(POD activity and proline content).Conclusions Selection from segregation population and criteria involving pollen viability and antioxidant levels concluded to be an effective strategy for the screening of heat-tolerant cotton germplasms.Therefore,understanding acquired from

关键词： Accessions Biochemical Breeding Cotton Generation mean analysis Heat stress

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Long-term outcomes of titanium-nitride-oxide coated stents and drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 293-305页

作者： muhammad Ahmed Ali Fahim Afia salman Hira Anas Khan Syed muhammad Hasan Muskan FatimaBhojani Sarah Aslam Amna Zia Ul Haq Vishal Reddy Bejugam Beena Muntaha Nasir Wajiha Gul Abdul Moeed Abdelrahman S Abdalla muhammad Majid muhammad Sohaib Asghar Md Al Hasibuzzaman Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine North Central Bronx HospitalBronxNY 10467United States Department of Urology Center for Academic MedicineStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 33872United States Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic RochesterRochesterMN 55905United States Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh

BACKGROUND In severe cases of coronary artery disease,percutaneous coronary intervention provide promising results.The stent used could be a drug-eluting stent(DES)or a titanium-nitride-oxide coated stent(TiNOS).AIM To compare the 5-year effectiveness and safety of the two stent types.METHODS The following systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines,and PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane Central were searched from inception till August 2023.Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events(MACE),cardiac death,myocardial infarction(MI),cardiac death or MI,and ischemia-driven total lesion revascularization(ID-TLR).RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials(RCT),which analyzed a sum total of 3045 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after a median follow-up time of 5 years were included.Though statistically insignificant,an increase in the ID-TLR was observed in patients receiving TiNOSs vs DESs.In addition,MI,cardiac death and MI,and definite stent thrombosis(DST)were significantly decreased in the TiNOS arm.Baseline analysis revealed no significant results with meta-regression presenting non-ST elevated MI(NSTEMI)as a statistically significant covariate in the outcome of MACE.CONCLUSION TiNOS was found to be superior to DES in terms of MI,cardiac death or MI,and DST outcomes,however,the effect of the two stent types on ID-TLR and MACE was not significant.A greater number of studies are required to establish an accurate comparison of patient outcomes in TiNOS and DES.

关键词： Stents Drug-eluting Major adverse cardiac events All-cause death Meta-analysis

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Footprints of SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in Pakistan,2020–2021

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第1期37卷 153-155页

作者： Zaira Rehman Massab Umair Aamer Ikram Ammad Fahim muhammad salman National Institute of Health(NIH) Islamabad44000Pakistan Maroof International Hospital

The rapid spread of SARS-Co V-2 has significantly impacted the worldwide health system.The SARS-Co V-2 currently bears a remarkably low genetic diversity even though it carries one of the largest RNA genomes among viruses(Rausch et al.,2020).However,the coronaviruses harbor the capability of undergoing recombination at a high rate which can lead to the emergence of novel viral derivatives(Rausch et al.,2020;Gribble et al.,2021).

关键词： al. harbor system.

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PoIR: A Node Selection Mechanism in Reputation-Based Blockchain Consensus Using Bidirectional LSTM Regression Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2309-2339页

作者： Jauzak Hussaini Windiatmaja Delphi Hanggoro muhammad salman Riri Fitri Sari Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia

This research presents a reputation-based blockchain consensus mechanism called Proof of Intelligent Reputation(PoIR)as an alternative to traditional Proof of Work(PoW).PoIR addresses the limitations of existing reputationbased consensus mechanisms by proposing a more decentralized and fair node selection process.The proposed PoIR consensus combines Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)with the Network Entity Reputation Database(NERD)to generate reputation scores for network entities and select authoritative nodes.NERD records network entity profiles based on various sources,i.e.,Warden,Blacklists,DShield,AlienVault Open Threat Exchange(OTX),and MISP(Malware Information Sharing Platform).It summarizes these profile records into a reputation score value.The PoIR consensus mechanism utilizes these reputation scores to select authoritative nodes.The evaluation demonstrates that PoIR exhibits higher centralization resistance than PoS and PoW.Authoritative nodes were selected fairly during the 1000-block proposal round,ensuring a more decentralized blockchain ecosystem.In contrast,malicious nodes successfully monopolized 58%and 32%of transaction processes in PoS and PoW,respectively,but failed to do so in PoIR.The findings also indicate that PoIR offers efficient transaction times of 12 s,outperforms reputation-based consensus such as PoW,and is comparable to reputation-based consensus such as PoS.Furthermore,the model evaluation shows that BiLSTM outperforms other Recurrent Neural Network models,i.e.,BiGRU(Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit),UniLSTM(Unidirectional Long Short-Term Memory),and UniGRU(Unidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit)with 0.022 Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE).This study concludes that the PoIR consensus mechanism is more resistant to centralization than PoS and PoW.Integrating BiLSTM and NERD enhances the fairness and efficiency of blockchain applications.

关键词： Blockchain blockchain consensus node selection BiLSTM RNN regression

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The outbreak of dengue during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan:The emergence of overlapping crises

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第2期15卷 53-55页

作者： muhammad Suleman Rana muhammad Usman muhammad Masroor Alam Aamer Ikram muhammad salman Rani Faryal Massab Umair National Institute of Health IslamabadPakistan Department of Microbiology Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across the globe[1].The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was detected on February 26,2020;since then,the toll of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 1491423 including 29877 deaths as of February 17,2022[1].

关键词： cases Pakistan COV

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A looming twindemic of COVID-19 and dengue on post-flood scenario in the developing countries

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第9期15卷 383-384页

作者： Abdullah Sher Ali muhammad salman Muddasir Khan Department of Health and Biological Sciences Abasyn University Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KPK)Pakistan Department of Food Engineering School of Animal Science and Food EngineeringUniversity of Sao PauloCEP13635-900PirassunungaSPBrazil Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of PeshawarKPKPakistan

Pakistan has recently faced a disastrous and lethal flooding across the country,affecting 33 million people and 1400 healthcare facilities,putting further strain on the nation's fragile healthcare system.The country faces widespread infectious diseases including dengue and COVID-19[1].To date,SARS-CoV-2 has caused about 6.53 million deaths and spread globally,infecting about 612 million people.Throughout the developing world,infection rate is particularly high in Pakistan,causing 30606 deaths so far[2].As of September 2022,healthcare authorities claimed a continued rise in dengue cases due to heavy flood in the country.Till date,a total of 14173 dengue cases have been reported,and the highest number of cases was documented in Sindh province(5203),followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(4538),Punjab(3101),and Islamabad with 1331[3].

关键词： flood continued globally

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Selective conversion of N_(2) to NH_(3) on highly dispersed RuO_(2) using amphiphilic ionic liquid-anchored fibrous carbon structure

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 474-482页

作者： Kahyun Ham muhammad salman Sunki Chung Minjun Choi HyungKuk Ju Hye Jin Lee Jaeyoung Lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-RoDaegu-city 41566South Korea Hydrogen Research Department Korea Institute of Energy Research152 Gajeong-RoYuseong-guDaejeon 34129South Korea

Ammonia (NH_(3)) plays a key role in the agricultural fertilizer and commodity chemical industries and is useful for exploring hydrogen storage carriers.The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is receiving attention as an environmentally sustainable NH_(3) synthesis replacement for the traditional Haber–Bosch process owing to its near ambient reaction conditions (<100℃ and 1 atm).However,its NH_(3) yield and faradaic efficiency are extremely low because of the sluggish kinetics of N≡N bond dissociation and the hindrance from competitive hydrogen evolution.To overcome these challenges,we herein introduce a dual-functionalized ionic liquid (1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide[HOBIM]OH) for a highly dispersed ruthenium oxide electrocatalyst to achieve a biased NRR.The observed uniform distribution of RuO_(2) on the carbon fiber and increase in the surface area for N_(2) adsorption by limiting proton access can be attributed to the presence of imidazolium ions.Moreover,extensive N_(2) adsorption contributes to enhanced NRR selectivity with an NH_(3) yield of 3.0×10^(-10)mol cm^(-2)s^(-1)(91.8μg h^(-1)mg^(-1)) and a faradaic efficiency of 2.2%at-0.20 V_(RHE).We expect our observations to provide new insights into the design of effective electrode structures for electrochemical NH;synthesis.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Nitrogen reduction reaction Imidazolium-based ionic liquid Ruthenium oxide

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Significance of including lid thickness and particle shape factor in numerical modeling for prediction of particle trap efficiency of invert trap

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 166-176页

作者： salman Beg Deo Raj Kaushal Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi 110016India

Sediment accumulation on the bed of open sewers and drains reduces hydraulic efficiency and can cause localized flooding.Slotted invert traps installed underneath the bed of open sewers and drains can eliminate sediment build-up by catching sediment load.Previous three-dimensional(3D)computational studies have examined the particle trapping performance of invert traps of different shapes and depths under varied sediment and flow conditions,considering particles as spheres.For two-dimensional and 3D numerical modeling,researchers assumed the lid geometry to be a thin line and a plane,respectively.In this 3D numerical study,the particle trapping efficiency of a slotted irregular hexagonal invert trap fitted at the flume bottom was examined by incorporating the particle shape factor of non-spherical sewage solid particles and the thicknesses of upstream and downstream lids over the trap in the discrete phase model of the ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 software.The volume of fluid(VOF)and the realizable k-turbulence models were used to predict the velocity field.The two-dimensional particle image velocimetry(PIV)was used to measure the velocity field inside the invert trap.The results showed that the thicknesses of upstream and downstream lids affected the velocity field and turbulent kinetic energy at all flow depths.The joint impact of the particle shape factor and lid thickness on the trap efficiency was significant.When both the lid thickness and particle shape factor were considered in the numerical modeling,trap efficiencies were underestimated,with relative errors of-8.66%to-0.65%in comparison to the experimental values of Mohsin and Kaushal(2017).They were also lower than the values predicted by Mohsin and Kaushal(2017),which showed an overall overestimation with errors of-2.3%to 17.4%.

关键词： Invert trap Lid thickness Particle image velocimetry Particle shape factor Turbulent kinetic energy Scanning electron microscope

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