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Causality between bank’s major activities and economic growth:evidences from Pakistan

Financial Innovation 2016年第1期2卷 87-97页

作者： Saba mushtaq Karachi University Business School University of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Background:Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s *** is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic *** the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led deposits and credits,or deposit and credits led growth means the purpose of this study is to investigate the direction of this ***:Johansen test of Co-integration and Granger Causality is employed by using time series data of Pakistan from 1961 to ***:The results show that two major activities of banking sector that are saving and lending don’t have any long run or short run causality towards economic growth so the general consideration of positive impact of these activities proved wrong in case of *** there is unidirectional causality running from GDP growth to credit provided by banking sector which shows that economic prosperity or economic growth will have a major impact on lending activities of banks meaning that demand following hypothesis is true for Pakistan in case of GDP and Bank’s credit or we can say that growth led Bank’s credit in ***:Hence Government and central bank should make policies by keeping this fact in consideration that bank’s two major activities that are saving and lending does not have impact on GDP *** might be other factors which influence economic growth of Pakistan more than banking sector these activities,which can be bank’s profitability,human resource,technology,infrastructure and other sectors of the *** GDP growth affects bank’s lending activities so during high economic growth year central bank and private bank’s management should introduce easy loans for businesses and industries and during poor economic growth years personal loan’s new schemes should be introduce by banks.

关键词： Granger Causality Cointegration Economic Growth Bank deposits Bank’s credit

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Plant Nitrogen Metabolism: Balancing Resilience to Nutritional Stress andAbiotic Challenges

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 581-609页

作者： muhammad Farhan Manda Sathish Rafia Kiran Aroosa mushtaq Alaa Baazeem Ammarah Hasnain Fahad Hakim Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi Mustansar Mubeen Yasir Iftikhar Aqleem Abbas muhammad Zeeshan Hassan Mahmoud Moustafa Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences&TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule(CIEAM) Vicerrectoría de Investigación y PostgradoUniversidad Católica del MauleTalca3460000Chile College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Biological SciencesLahore University of Biological and Applied SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakorum International UniversityGilgitPakistan Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Plant growth and resilience to abiotic stresses,such as soil salinity and drought,depend intricately on nitrogen *** review explores nitrogen’s regulatory role in plant responses to these challenges,unveiling a dynamic interplay between nitrogen availability and abiotic *** the context of soil salinity,a nuanced rela-tionship emerges,featuring both antagonistic and synergistic interactions between salinity and nitrogen ***-induced chlorophyll depletion in plants can be alleviated by optimal nitrogen supplementation;however,excessive nitrogen can exacerbate salinity *** delve into the complexities of this interaction and its agri-cultural ***,a vital element within essential plant structures like chloroplasts,elicits diverse responses based on its *** review comprehensively examines manifestations of nitrogen deﬁciency and toxicity across various crop types,including cereals,vegetables,legumes,and ***,we explore the broader consequences of nitrogen products,such as N_(2)O,NO_(2),and ammonia,on human ***-ing the intricate relationship between nitrogen and salinity,especially chloride accumulation in nitrate-fed plants and sodium buildup in ammonium-fed plants,is pivotal for optimizing crop nitrogen ***,prudent nitrogen use is essential,as overapplication can exacerbate nitrogen-related *** Use Efﬁ-ciency(NUE)is of paramount importance in addressing salinity challenges and enhancing sustainable crop *** this goal requires advancements in crop varieties with efﬁcient nitrogen utilization,pre-cise timing and placement of nitrogen fertilizer application,and thoughtful nitrogen source selection to mitigate losses,particularly urea-based fertilizer *** review article delves into the multifaceted world of plant nitrogen metabolism and its pivotal role in enabling plant resilience to nutritional stress and abiotic chall

关键词： Synthetic nitrogen nitrogen signaling sustainable agriculture eutrophication ammonium nitrate

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A Study of Gaugeon Formalism for QED in Lorentz Violating Background

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第2期69卷 166-172页

作者： mushtaq B.Shah Prince A.Ganai Department of Physics National Institute of Technology

At the energy regimes close to Planck scales, the usual structure of Lorentz symmetry fails to address certain fundamental issues and eventually breaks down, thus paving the way for an alternative road map. It is thus argued that some subgroup of proper Lorentz group could stand consistent and might possibly help us to circumvent this *** is this subgroup that goes by the name of Very Special Relativity(VSR). Apart from violating rotational symmetry,VSR is believed to preserve the very tenets of special relativity. The gaugeon formalism due to type-I Yokoyama and type-II Izawa are found to be invariant under BRST symmetry. In this paper, we analyze the scope of this invariance in the scheme of VSR. Furthermore, we will obtain VSR modified Lagrangian density using path integral derivation. We will explore the consistency of VSR with regard to these theories.

关键词： quantum electrodynamics very special relativity BRST symmetry gaugeon formalism

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Semiconductor Electrochemistry for Clean Energy Conversion and Storage

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2021年第4期4卷 757-792页

作者： Bin Zhu Liangdong Fan Naveed mushtaq Rizwan Raza muhammad Sajid Yan Wu Wenfeng Lin Jung‑Sik Kim Peter D.Lund Sining Yun Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology/Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096JiangsuChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Lithium‑Ion Batteries and Mesoporous Materials College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Clean Energy Research Lab(CERL) Department of PhysicsCOMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusLahore 54000Pakistan Engineering Research Center of Nano‑Geo Materials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and ChemistryChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074HubeiChina Department of Chemical Engineering School of AeronauticalAutomotiveChemical and Materials EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK Department of Aeronautical&Automotive Engineering School of AeronauticalAutomotiveChemical and Materials EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK Department of Engineering Physics/Advanced Energy Systems School of ScienceAalto University00076 AaltoEspooFinland Functional Materials Laboratory(FML) School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055ShaanxiChina

Semiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials and *** example,semiconductor membranes and heterostructure fuel cells are new technological trend,which differ from the traditional fuel cell electrochemistry principle employing three basic functional components:anode,electrolyte,and *** electrolyte is key to the device performance by providing an ionic charge flow pathway between the anode and cathode while preventing electron *** contrast,semiconductors and derived heterostructures with electron(hole)conducting materials have demonstrated to be much better ionic conductors than the conventional ionic *** energy band structure and alignment,band bending and built-in electric field are all important elements in this context to realize the necessary fuel cell *** review further extends to semiconductor-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage,describing their fundamentals and working principles,with the intention of advancing the understanding of the roles of semiconductors and energy bands in electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage,as well as applications to meet emerging demands widely involved in energy applications,such as photocatalysis/water splitting devices,batteries and solar *** review provides new ideas and new solutions to problems beyond the conventional electrochemistry and presents new interdisciplinary approaches to develop clean energy conversion and storage technologies.

关键词： Semiconductor electrochemistry Fuel cells Lithium-ion batteries Solar cells Built-in electric field Energy system integration

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Humidity Effect on Transport Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第8期30卷 748-752页

作者： muhammad Usman Kamran Rasool S. S. Batool Z. Imran mushtaq Ahmad Hira Jamil M. A. Rafiq M. M. Hasan Micro and Nano Devices Group Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering(DMME)Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)P. O. NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan

Rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method with an average diameter of 30 nm TiO2 nanoparticle device was then fabricated on glass *** electrodes were defined using photolithography and vacuum evaporation.A suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles was prepared in isopropanol using ultrasonic *** nanoparticles were deposited between the *** device was tested by AC electrical measurements at 40%-90%relative humidity（RH）.The impedance of the TiO2nanoparticles decreases by about 80 times with the increase in RH from 40%to 90%at 100 *** response time and the recovery time were 4 s and 5 s,respectively between 40%and 90%*** 100 Hz,the sensitivity of the aluminum electrode TiO2 nanoparticle device in the range of 40%—90%RH was17 MΩ/%*** modulus analysis also confirms the increase in DC conductivity of TiO2 nanoparticles as RH increases.

关键词： TiO2 nanoparticles Co-precipitation Transport properties

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Understanding the low temperature electrochemistry of magnesium-lithium hybrid ion battery in all-phenyl-complex solutions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第5期30卷 383-390页

作者： muhammad Rashad muhammad Asif School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003JiangsuChina Bernal Institute Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Magnesium-lithium hybrid ion batteries have emerged as a new class of energy storage systems owing to dendrite free cycling of magnesium anode and possibility of practice of numerous conventional lithium *** present work,we used hybrid ion strategy to analyze the performance of lithium titanate based lithium cathode,magnesium metal anode,and all-phenyl complex(APC)electrolytes at different temperatures(25℃,10℃,0℃,-10℃,and-20℃).The hybrid ion battery exhibited excellent rate performance(228 m Ah g^(-1)/20 m A g^(-1) and 163 mAh g^(-1)/1000 mA g^(-1))with stable voltage plateaus at 0.90 and 0.75 V,which corresponds to specific energy of 178 Wh kg^(-1) at room temperature(25℃).Experimental results revealed that APC-THF solutions have strong potential to suppress the freezing of electrolyte solutions owing to low boiling point of *** low temperature electrochemical testing revealed the reversible capacities of 213.4,165.5,143.8,133.2 and 78.56 mAh g^(-1) at 25,10,0,-10,and-20℃,***,ex-situ XRD,SEM,and EIS tests were carried out to understand the reaction kinetics of both Mg2+and Li+ions inside the lithium titanate *** hope this work will shed light on low temperature prospective of electrochemical devices for use in cold environments.

关键词： Mg ion battery Mg-Li hybrid ion batteries Electrochemical properties Low temperature Energy storage

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Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： muhammad QASIM muhammad SAJID KAMRAN muhammad AMMAR muhammad ALI JAMAL muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

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Wormhole solutions and energy conditions in f(R,G)gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第11期73卷 131-141页

作者： M Farasat Shamir G Mustafa Saad Waseem mushtaq Ahmad National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Lahore CampusPakistan Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444China National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Chiniot-Faisalabad CampusPakistan

In this manuscript,the traversable wormhole solutions have been explored in modified f(R,G)gravity by taking into consideration the model f(R,G)=R+rG2,where R is the Ricci curvature scalar and G is the Gauss–Bonnet *** acceptable form of the redshift function has been incorporated which is a non-constant in nature along with the implementation of those already defined in literature,the two shape functions namely b(r)=r/exp(r-r0)and b(r)=r0log(r+1)/log(r0+1).It is shown by studying the energy condition and through the graphical analysis that the null energy bounds for the effective energy-momentum tensor are generally violated for the presence of the ordinary matter in modified f(R,G)*** conditions associated with the matter content threading the wormhole geometries are evaluated and in general are found to favor the null energy conditions in the vicinity of the wormhole throat,the existence of the nonexotic wormhole geometries threaded by the matter has been confirmed under this gravity.

关键词： f(R,G)gravity energy conditions wormholes shape function

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Changes in Growth,Photosynthetic Pigments,Cell Viability,Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Varieties of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)Subjected to Salinity Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 149-168页

作者： Zeenat mushtaq Shahla Faizan Basit Gulzar Humira mushtaq Sayyada Bushra Alisha Hussain Khalid Rehman Hakeem Environmental Physiology Laboratory Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section Department of BotanyJamia HamdardNew Delhi110062India Research and Training Centre for Pollinators Pollinizers and Pollination Management SectionDivision of EntomologySKUAST KashmirSrinagar190025India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop *** present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,activity of carbonic anhydrase as well as nitrate reductase,and antioxidant systems in two varieties of chickpea(Pusa-BG5023,and Pusa-BGD72).On 20^(th) day of sowing,plants were treated with varying levels of NaCl(0,50,100,150 and 200 mM)followed by sampling on 45 days of *** observations on both the varieties reveal that salt stress leads to a significant decline in growth,dry biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic pigments,protein content,stomatal behavior,cell viability,activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase with the rise in the concentration of ***,quantitatively these changes were less in Pusa-BG5023 as compared to ***,salinity-induced oxidative stress enhanced malondialdehyde content,superoxide radicals,foliar proline content,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and *** variety Pusa-BGD72 was found more sensitive than Pusa-BG5023 to salt *** of different graded concentrations(50,100,150 and 200 mM)of sodium chloride,50 mM was least toxic,and 200 mM was most *** differential behavior of these two varieties measured in terms of stomatal behavior,cell viability,photosynthetic pigments,and antioxidant defense system can be used as prospective indicators for selection of chickpea plants for salt tolerance and sensitivity.

关键词： Salt stress ion homeostasis antioxidant defense cell viability chickpea

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Enhanced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants by multi-stimuli activated multiferroic nanoarchitectures

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Nano Research 2020年第8期13卷 2183-2191页

作者： Fajer mushtaq Xiangzhong Chen Harun Torlakcik Bradley JNelson Salvador Pané Multi-Scale Robotics Lab(MSRL) Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems(IRIS)ETH ZurichCH-8092ZurichSwitzerland

Smart catalysts that can simultaneously utilize multiple energy sources will have a significant positive impact on the inefficiencies of conventional environmental remediation approaches,and will address their high energy *** this work,we have manufactured multiferroic magnetoelectric photocatalysts that can be simultaneously activated using multiple energy sources for the degradation of organic *** catalysts are composed of CoFe2O4@BiFeO3(CFO@BFO)nanooctahedrons(NOs),CFO@BFO nanocubes(NCs),and CFO@BFO nanowires(NWs),and were successful in harnessing energy from three different energy sources,including UV-vis light,acoustically mediated mechanical vibrations and magnetic *** CFO@BFO NOs displayed the most enhanced degradation,reaching 93%,96%,and 99%degradation of RhB dye within 1 h under light,ultrasound,and magnetic fields,*** these energy sources were used simultaneously,significantly increased reaction rates were observed compared to the single-energy source *** of radical trapping experiments indicate that radical species i.e.,OH·and O2·^-play a dominant role in catalytic degradation of organic pollutant,RhB,under all three *** results will contribute significantly to the development of new environmental technologies that are highly versatile in nature and able to adapt to changing environments to deliver efficient environmental remediation.

关键词： magnetoelectric photocatalysis nanoparticles water remediation piezoelectric

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