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Presowing Seed Treatment with Cytokinins and Its Effect on Growth, Photosynthetic Rate, Ionic Levels and Yield of Two Wheat Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第11期47卷 1315-1325页

作者： muhammad IQBAL muhammad ashraf Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 Pakistan

The effects of presowing seed treatment with different concentrations of cytokinins （kinetin and benzylaminopurine; 100, 150, and 200 mg/L） on growth, photosynthetic capacity, and ion homeostasis were investigated in two spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） cultivars, namely MH-97 （salt sensitive） and Inqlab- 91 （salt tolerant）. Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in a field in which NaC1 salinity of 15 dS/m was developed. Of the different concentrations of priming agents tested, the effect of a moderate concentration of kinetin （150 mg/L） was very pronounced, particularly in improving growth and grain yield, in both cultivars. In addition, priming with kinetin alleviated the adverse effect of salt stress on gaseous exchange characteristics （net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency） in both cultivars. Seed priming with a moderate concentration of kinetin also altered the pattern of accumulation of Na^＋ and Clˉ in the shoots, irrespective of the wheat cultivar, under conditions of salt stress. However, all other priming agents at the different concentrations tested did not show any consistent effect on ion levels, except hydropriming, which increased K^＋ levels in the shoots of both cultivars under salt stress. In conclusion, a moderate concentration of kinetin showed a consistent effect in altering the growth and grain yield of both wheat cultivars, which was related to the beneficial effects of kinetin priming on water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate under conditions of salt stress.

关键词： growth hormonal priming photosynthesis pre-treatment salt stress yield.

Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1151-1169页

作者： Khalil Ullah Song Jian muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan Suliman Khan Mohammad Babar Arshad Ahmad Shafiq Ahmad Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelianAbbottabad22500Pakistan Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscat124Oman Department of CS&IT Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology MangHaripur22621Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile *** networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and *** in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous *** continuously improves its network functionality to support these *** input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in *** article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial *** technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended *** viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this ***,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Next generation networks massive mimo communication network artificial intelligence 5G adversarial attacks channel estimation information security

Adversarial Training Against Adversarial Attacks for Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3513-3527页

作者： muhammad Shahzad Haroon Husnain mansoor Ali Department of Computer Science Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and TechnologyKarachi75600Pakistan

Intrusion detection system plays an important role in defending networks from security ***-to-end machine learning-based intrusion detection systems are being used to achieve high detection ***,in case of adversarial attacks,that cause misclassification by introducing imperceptible perturbation on input samples,performance of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems is greatly *** such problems have widely been discussed in image processing domain,very few studies have investigated network intrusion detection systems and proposed corresponding *** this paper,we attempt to fill this gap by using adversarial attacks on standard intrusion detection datasets and then using adversarial samples to train various machine learning algorithms(adversarial training)to test their defence *** is achieved by first creating adversarial sample based on Jacobian-based Saliency Map Attack(JSMA)and Fast Gradient Sign Attack(FGSM)using NSLKDD,UNSW-NB15 and CICIDS17 *** study then trains and tests JSMA and FGSM based adversarial examples in seen(where model has been trained on adversarial samples)and unseen(where model is unaware of adversarial packets)*** experiments includes multiple machine learning classifiers to evaluate their performance against adversarial *** performance parameters include Accuracy,F1-Score and Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)Score.

关键词： Intrusion detection system adversarial attacks adversarial training adversarial machine learning

Satisfactory Model Predictive Control for a Hybrid Single-phase Seven-level Converter

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第5期7卷 1102-1112页

作者： Mohamed Tamim Touati Shaoyuan Li Jing Wu muhammad Ali muhammad mansoor Khan Department of Automation SEIEEShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Electrical Engineering.SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China.

Today,many hybrid multilevel converters with flying capacitors are being *** the practicality of these converters in reducing the switching devices count and the cost,it is challenging to balance their capacitor voltage *** unbalanced capacitors restrain the converters’performance and lead to failure in delivering the required *** paper proposes a model predictive control(MPC)for a seven-level converter based on an active neutral point clamped converter cascaded with an H-bridge.A conventional MPC uses a single cost function with two terms,one for current tracking and the other for capacitor balancing,which needs an accurate weighting factor to balance *** this work,the suggested MPC adopts a satisfactory optimization *** evaluates the capacitor charge membership to a nominal voltage range to define the degree of freedom in which to optimize the current tracking *** transforms the relationship between the two cost terms into a more collaborative *** proposed MPC improves the output current quality and balances the capacitor charge with the least number of *** and simulation results have validated the controller^effectiveness.

关键词： Hybrid converter model predictive control multilevel converter satisfactory optimization

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1475-1480页

作者： FOZIA Andaleeb muhammad Anjum Zia muhammad ashraf ZAFAR Mahmood Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Department of Botany University of Agriculture

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the *** the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth *** different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. soil chromium growth attributes

Triple Key Security Algorithm Against Single Key Attack on Multiple Rounds

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 6061-6077页

作者： muhammad Akram muhammad Waseem Iqbal Syed ashraf Ali muhammad Usman ashraf Khalid Alsubhi Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali Department of Computer Science Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science The Institute of Management Sciences(PAK-AIMS)Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women University SialkotPakistan Department of Computer Science King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

In cipher algorithms,the encryption and decryption are based on the same *** are some limitations in cipher algorithms,for example in polyalphabetic substitution cipher the key size must be equal to plaintext otherwise it will be repeated and if the key is known then encryption becomes *** paper aims to improve the said limitations by designing of Triple key security algorithm(TKS)in which the key is modified on polyalphabetic substitution cipher to maintain the size of the key and *** plaintext character is substituted by an alternative *** mode of substitution is transformed cyclically which depends on the current position of the modified *** keys are used in the encryption and decryption process on 8 or 16 rounds with the Exclusively-OR(XOR)of the 1st *** study also identifies a single-key attack on multiple rounds block cipher in mobile communications and applied the proposed technique to prevent the *** utilization of the TKS algorithm,the decryption is illustrated,and security is analyzed in detail with mathematical examples.

关键词： Encryption decryption cipher symmetric key cryptography single key attack

Static and adaptive feedback control for synchronization of different chaotic oscillators with mutually Lipschitz nonlinearities

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 223-231页

作者： muhammad Riaz muhammad Rehan Keum-Shik Hong muhammad ashraf Haroon Ur Rasheed Department of Electrical Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad Pakistan Department of Electronics Engineering Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National University 2 Busandaehak-ro Geumjeong-gu Busan 609-735 Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Engineering Mohammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad Pakistan

This paper addresses the control law design for synchronization of two different chaotic oscillators with mutually Lipschitz nonlinearities. For analysis of the properties of two different nonlinearities, an advanced mutually Lipschitz condition is proposed. This mutually Lipschitz condition is more general than the traditional Lipschitz condition. Unlike the latter, it can be used for the design of a feedback controller for synchronization of chaotic oscillators of different dynamics. It is shown that any two different Lipschitz nonlinearities always satisfy the mutually Lipschitz condition. Applying the mutually Lipschitz condition, a quadratic Lyapunov function and uniformly ultimately bounded stability, easily designable and implementable robust control strategies utilizing algebraic Riccati equation and linear matrix inequalities, are derived for synchronization of two distinct chaotic oscillators. Furthermore, a novel adaptive control scheme for mutually Lipschitz chaotic systems is established by addressing the issue of adaptive cancellation of unknown mismatch between the dynamics of different chaotic systems. The proposed control technique is numerically tested for synchronization of two different chaotic Chua＇s circuits and for obtaining identical behavior between the modified Chua＇s circuit and the R6ssler system.

关键词： control theory and feedback synchronization mutually Lipschitz nonlinearity adaptive controlsystem

Perspectives of Using L-Tryptophan for Improving Productivity of Agricultural Crops: A Review

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Pedosphere 2018年第1期28卷 16-34页

作者： Ayesha MUSTAFA muhammad IMRAN muhammad ashraf Khalid MAHMOOD Soil and Environmental Sciences Division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB)

Plant growth regulators are biologically active signaling molecules that regulate a number of plant physiological processes. Auxin(indole-3-acetic acid) is an important plant growth regulator and is synthesized within plant tissues through L-tryptophan(L-TRP)-dependent and-independent pathways. It has been found that plants respond to exogenously applied L-TRP due to insufficient endogenous auxin biosynthesis. The exogenous application of L-TRP is highly significant for normal plant growth and development.L-tryptophan is applied through foliar spray, seed priming, and soil application. Soil-applied L-TRP is either directly taken up by plants or metabolized to auxin by soil microbiota and then absorbed by plant roots. Similarly, foliar spray and seed priming with L-TRP stimulates auxin synthesis within plants and improves the growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Furthermore, L-TRP contains approximately 14% nitrogen(N) in its composition, which is released upon its metabolism within a plant or in the rhizosphere and plays a role in enhancing crop productivity. This review deals with assessing crop responses under the exogenous application of L-TRP in normal and stressed environments, mode of action of L-TRP, advantages of using L-TRP over other auxin precursors, and role of the simultaneous use of L-TRP and auxin-producing microbes in improving the productivity of agricultural crops. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting the importance of the use of L-TRP in agriculture.

关键词： auxin biosynthesis auxin precursors auxin-producing microbes crop productivity indole-3-acetic acid plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria plant response to abiotic stresses

Dramatic changes in anatomical traits of a C4 grass Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin.(Poaceae)over a 1000 m elevational gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1316-1335页

作者： FATIMA Sana HAMEED mansoor AHMAD Farooq AHMAD muhammad Sajid Aqeel ANWAR Majid MUNIR Mahwish ashraf muhammad SHAH Syed Mohsan Raza BASHARAT Sana AHMAD Iftikhar KHALIL Sangam Department of Botany Government Sadiq College Women UniversityBahawalpur 53100Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Riphah International University Lahore 53770Pakistan Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering The University of LahoreLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Botany Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Forestry Range&Wildlife ManagementThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 53100Pakistan

Chrysopogon serrulatus(false beard-grass)is a dominant component of vegetation in the foothills of the *** study whole plant morphology,individuals of *** were collected from three plots at each of six locations spanning from 400 to 1,400 *** population colonizing the highest elevation modifications in different plant *** showed increased metaxylem number and *** the stem,especially outside of the vascular tissue,there was intensive sclerification indicative of increased xeromorphy as a survival *** the highest elevation,leaves were wider;aerenchyma formation and increased sclerification were noted in the leaf sheath;and a greater proportion of storage parenchyma was observed in the leaf blade,all indicators of *** contrast,leaves at lower elevations had xeric morphological features such as increased epidermal thickness,sclerification and more developed metaxylem *** conclusion,shifting of morphological features in below-and above-ground plant parts of *** were linked to shifts in environmental factors along this elevation gradient,thus enabling the successful distribution of this species along this elevation gradient.

关键词： Adaptive component Storage parenchyma Sclerification Metaxylem Aerenchyma